{"id":99901,"date":"2026-02-19T06:42:56","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T05:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=99901"},"modified":"2026-02-19T06:42:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T05:42:56","slug":"ghana-dalsi-fronta-v-sahelskem-dzihadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/19\/ghana-dalsi-fronta-v-sahelskem-dzihadu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ghana: dal\u0161\u00ed fronta v sahelsk\u00e9m d\u017eih\u00e1du?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Od roku 2021 se v severn\u00ed Ghan\u011b znovu rozho\u0159el kdysi zamrzl\u00fd konflikt mezi etnick\u00fdmi skupinami Kusasi a Mamprusi o nadvl\u00e1du v mal\u00e9 provincii Bawku, pohrani\u010dn\u00ed oblasti s rozv\u011btvenou silni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed odd\u011blenou vodn\u00edmi cestami, jej\u00ed\u017e dostupnost je pro \u00fa\u0159ady v Akk\u0159e st\u00e1le problematick\u00e1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Severn\u00ed Ghana nen\u00ed \u201evzd\u00e1lenou periferi\u00ed\u201c, ale \u00fazkou hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u201en\u00e1razn\u00edkovou z\u00f3nou\u201c mezi pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edmi st\u00e1ty a Sahelem, kde ji\u017e mnoho let zu\u0159\u00ed d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde, v regionu Bawku, se star\u00fd etnicko-politick\u00fd spor mezi Kusasi a Mamprusi op\u011bt prom\u011bnil v krvav\u00fd boj zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed modern\u00ed st\u0159eln\u00e9 zbran\u011b, p\u0159\u00edliv bojovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159es hranice a rostouc\u00ed riziko, \u017ee konflikt bude unesen ozbrojen\u00fdmi skupinami.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kusasi versus Mamprusi: spor o moc, p\u016fdu a \u201epr\u00e1vo na jm\u00e9no\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Stranami konfliktu jsou dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed etnick\u00e9 skupiny v regionu. Kusasi, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupina, si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed status p\u016fvodn\u00edho obyvatelstva a historick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na p\u016fdu. N\u00e1bo\u017eensky jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9, ale se siln\u00fdm vlivem m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mamprusiov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b muslimov\u00e9, zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed svou legitimitu na centralizovan\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Mamprugu, ale ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi rivaly jsou men\u0161inou.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina t\u011bchto mocensk\u00fdch boj\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v rozhodnut\u00ed britsk\u00e9 administrativy v r\u00e1mci zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed kontroly odebrat Kusasi\u016fm zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed privilegia a p\u0159en\u00e9st spr\u00e1vu na n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edky Mamprusi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed Britov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed do regionu dorazili v roce 1902, jmenovali v\u016fdce kmene Mamprusi n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem m\u011bsta Bawku a dali mu pr\u00e1vo vyb\u00edrat soudn\u00ed poplatky a dan\u011b, mobilizovat obyvatelstvo k povinn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci a jmenovat a kontrolovat dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Od t\u00e9 doby m\u011bly pokusy ghansk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy o vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pozemkov\u00e9ho sporu opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek: ka\u017ed\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed bylo jednou ze stran vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako nespravedlnost a\u00a0<\/span>vyvol\u00e1valo novou vlnu nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Konflikt v\u0161ak nep\u0159es\u00e1hl hranice neozbrojen\u00fdch st\u0159et\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zintenzivn\u011bn\u00ed konfliktu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A\u017e doned\u00e1vna se st\u0159ety omezovaly na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed ohniska. V listopadu 2021 v\u0161ak boje vstoupily do kritick\u00e9 f\u00e1ze: ob\u011b strany nyn\u00ed vlastnily modern\u00ed st\u0159eln\u00e9 zbran\u011b a geografie nap\u011bt\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila za obvykl\u00e1 ohniska. D\u016fvodem bylo, \u017ee v sousedn\u00ed Burkin\u011b Faso nab\u00edralo na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch povst\u00e1n\u00ed JNIM (Jama’at Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Mouslimin, Skupina na podporu isl\u00e1mu a muslim\u016f, napojen\u00e1 na al-K\u00e1idu) a skupina za\u010dala vyu\u017e\u00edvat\u00a0<\/span>ghansk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako z\u00e1zem\u00ed, ne\u017e se tam rozvinuly pa\u0161er\u00e1ck\u00e9 trasy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u0159ety v Bawku mezi koncem let 2021 a 2023 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly smrt v\u00edce ne\u017e 260 lid\u00ed, a\u010dkoli m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed je v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zdroji a odhadech (n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fadaje jsou ne\u00fapln\u00e9, n\u011bkter\u00e9 politicky zaujat\u00e9), ale od konce roku 2021 existuj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o \u201estovk\u00e1ch \u00famrt\u00ed\u201c. Etnick\u00fd konflikt nav\u00edc \u010dasto postihuje st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastrukturu, v\u010detn\u011b nemocnic a \u0161kol.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V reakci na to st\u00e1t p\u0159ijal rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed nasazen\u00edm vojsk: vojensk\u00fd kontingent se ve snaze obnovit m\u00edr do za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2023 rozrostl z p\u016fvodn\u00edch 50 voj\u00e1k\u016f na v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 \u010dlen\u016f speci\u00e1ln\u00edch jednotek. Ani tak velk\u00fd kontingent (na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1du o 15 000 mu\u017e\u00edch) v\u0161ak\u00a0<\/span>nedok\u00e1zal potla\u010dit konflikt<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd se n\u00e1sledn\u011b stal je\u0161t\u011b smrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Postupem \u010dasu za\u010dala v\u00e1lka mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma etnick\u00fdmi skupinami p\u0159itahovat zahrani\u010dn\u00ed bojovn\u00edky. Mezi nimi byly burkinsk\u00e9 jednotky dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f VDP (Dobrovoln\u00edci pro obranu vlasti), kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010dovali hranice se zbran\u011bmi, a tak\u00e9 posily z Toga.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bojovn\u00edci operuj\u00edc\u00ed v Burkin\u011b Faso vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed severn\u00ed Ghanu jako logistickou a l\u00e9ka\u0159skou z\u00e1kladnu a tak\u00e9 jako z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed z\u00f3nu.\u00a0<\/span>Agentura Reuters<\/span><\/em>\u00a0s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na sv\u00e9 zdroje tuto situaci p\u0159esn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>popsala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hranice ji\u017e nen\u00ed jen \u201e\u010darou na map\u011b\u201c, ale opera\u010dn\u00edm koridorem pro tajnou infrastrukturu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ghansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da samoz\u0159ejm\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed operace, aby zabr\u00e1nila p\u0159\u00edlivu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f a omezila konflikt, ale rok od roku se jejich p\u0159\u00edliv jen zvy\u0161uje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vlajka d\u017eih\u00e1du<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Zintenzivn\u011bn\u00ed konfliktu a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed terorist\u016f JNIM (nap\u0159\u00edklad tranzit zbran\u00ed p\u0159es stejn\u00e9 pa\u0161er\u00e1ck\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 strukturami napojen\u00fdmi na skupinu) ohro\u017euje ji\u017en\u00ed frontu Burkiny Faso. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee v Ghan\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed n\u00e1bor bojovn\u00edk\u016f pro v\u00e1lku v Sahelu (v roce 2023 se uv\u00e1d\u011bl po\u010det 300 Ghanc\u016f), \u017ee se zde dost\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de zran\u011bn\u00fdm a \u017ee pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch zdroj\u016f p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f skupiny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba zlata, kter\u00e1 je pro Accru skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem aktivace JNIM v Ghan\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eba (galamsey) znamen\u00e1 ni\u010den\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, korupci, pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a zlo\u010dineck\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. V roce 2025 se objevily zpr\u00e1vy o dolech vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch ve prosp\u011bch d\u017eih\u00e1dist\u016f a o pran\u00ed zlata zkorumpovan\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u0159ady\u00a0<\/span>pos\u00edlily opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zlata, vytvo\u0159ily specializovan\u00e9 struktury a zv\u00fd\u0161ily tlak na \u201e\u0161ed\u00fd sektor\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

JNIM se prozat\u00edm nemus\u00ed pou\u0161t\u011bt do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 konfrontace s ghanskou arm\u00e1dou. Pokud by se v\u0161ak konflikt v\u00fdrazn\u011b vyhrotil, tis\u00edce z\u00e1stupc\u016f v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edch kmen\u016f by mohly vyhledat \u201eslu\u017eby\u201c t\u011bch s bojov\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b d\u017eih\u00e1dist\u016f. To by jim umo\u017enilo zvr\u00e1tit situaci ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tak se lok\u00e1ln\u00ed etnick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v regionu \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span>transformovaly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v prvky v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho konfliktu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159em je, \u017ee muslimsk\u00e9 komunity Mamprusi vyzvou radik\u00e1ly, aby p\u0159evzali kontrolu nad relativn\u011b velk\u00fdm m\u011bstem (100 000 obyvatel). Vzhledem k rychlosti, s jakou Gha\u0148an\u00e9 rekrutuj\u00ed do d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00fdch \u0159ad, jsou schopny shrom\u00e1\u017edit p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500 bojovn\u00edk\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zapojen\u00ed islamist\u016f do konfliktu v Bawku p\u0159edstavuje skute\u010dnou hrozbu, kter\u00e1 by izolovala Burkinu Faso od n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho obchodu a p\u0159edstavovala by pro ghansk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady dal\u0161\u00ed hrozbu nad r\u00e1mec hrozby, kterou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i zlata. Vzhledem k rozsahu konfliktu nen\u00ed Bawku \u201elok\u00e1ln\u00edm sporem\u201c. Je to potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ohnisko, kde by se Ghana mohla zm\u011bnit z n\u00e1razn\u00edkov\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu na st\u00e1t v prvn\u00ed linii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od roku 2021 se v severn\u00ed Ghan\u011b znovu rozho\u0159el kdysi zamrzl\u00fd konflikt mezi etnick\u00fdmi skupinami…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[401,6045,1503],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99901"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99901"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99901\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}