{"id":99875,"date":"2026-02-19T00:30:15","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T23:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=99875"},"modified":"2026-02-18T18:19:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T17:19:45","slug":"africke-problemy-africka-reseni-traoreho-burkina-faso-udava-ton-pro-novou-africkou-politiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/19\/africke-problemy-africka-reseni-traoreho-burkina-faso-udava-ton-pro-novou-africkou-politiku\/","title":{"rendered":"Africk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, africk\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed: Traor\u00e9ho Burkina Faso ud\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00f3n pro novou africkou politiku"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Krok Ibrahima Traor\u00e9ho zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 stopu na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b a znovu potvrzuje, \u017ee Afrika je africk\u00e1 a mus\u00ed z\u016fstat africkou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu jeho vlastn\u00ed styl<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kdy\u017e se v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2022 dostal k moci kapit\u00e1n Ibrahim Traor\u00e9 pot\u00e9, co uprost\u0159ed krize nejistoty a nestability svrhl zkorumpovanou, proz\u00e1padn\u00ed juntu, bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nov\u00fd kurz p\u0159inese mnoho p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Traor\u00e9 se svou vl\u00e1dou zah\u00e1jil \u0159adu radik\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn ve st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00edch a nevyhnuteln\u011b odlo\u017eil volby, aby mohl obnovit st\u00e1t, bojovat proti d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00e9mu povst\u00e1n\u00ed su\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1tu a osvobodit zemi z jej\u00ed pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed orbity. Toto \u00fasil\u00ed bylo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 a p\u0159ineslo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dne 29. ledna 2026 vydala junta form\u00e1ln\u00ed dekret o rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech politick\u00fdch formac\u00ed registrovan\u00fdch v PASE (Registr politick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f), v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve pozastaveny, ale nad\u00e1le fungovaly intern\u011b. T\u00edmto rozhodnut\u00edm Burkina Faso zru\u0161ila cel\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro politick\u00e9 strany, jejich financov\u00e1n\u00ed, status opozice a pluralitn\u00ed politickou \u010dinnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z pohledu z\u00e1padn\u00edho moralizov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 neust\u00e1le nedodr\u017euje sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed metr, se tento krok jev\u00ed jako absurdn\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti tomu tak nen\u00ed. Jsme sv\u011bdky s\u00e9rie n\u00e1hl\u00fdch zm\u011bn ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1m m\u011bly uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee star\u00fd zp\u016fsob ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed politiky a definov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co je \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00e9\u201c nebo \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9\u201c, dosp\u011bl ke sv\u00e9mu konci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vezm\u011bme si p\u0159\u00edklad z minulosti a pokusme se ho p\u0159en\u00e9st do sou\u010dasnosti, abychom pochopili politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam Traor\u00e9ho \u010dinu pro jeho lid a jeho zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b neexistoval \u00fa\u0159ad dikt\u00e1tora jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 forma vl\u00e1dy, ale jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd prost\u0159edek k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto \u00fa\u0159adu n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed rys starov\u011bk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed: my\u0161lenku, \u017ee v dob\u00e1ch extr\u00e9mn\u00ed krize m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed spole\u010dnosti vy\u017eadovat do\u010dasnou koncentraci moci.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 republice byla b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 moc rozd\u011blena mezi ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b volen\u00e9 kolegi\u00e1ln\u00ed magistr\u00e1ty, zejm\u00e9na mezi dva konzuly, kter\u00e9 kontroloval Sen\u00e1t a lidov\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vojensk\u00e9 nouze, vnit\u0159n\u00edch povst\u00e1n\u00ed nebo institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed patov\u00e9 situace v\u0161ak Sen\u00e1t mohl doporu\u010dit jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed mocn\u00e9ho politika, dikt\u00e1tora, form\u00e1ln\u011b nominovan\u00e9ho jedn\u00edm z konzul\u016f. Dikt\u00e1tor obdr\u017eel imperium maius, autoritu nad\u0159azenou ostatn\u00edm magistr\u00e1t\u016fm, a vl\u00e1dl s dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi pravomocemi, kter\u00e9 nepodl\u00e9haly vetu plebsk\u00fdch tribun\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed v\u0161ak bylo omezen\u00e9, obvykle na \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebo do skon\u010den\u00ed krize. Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli v\u011bnoval zna\u010dnou pozornost politick\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 diktatury. Ve sv\u00fdch Rozprav\u00e1ch p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eDiktatury byly pro \u0158\u00edmskou republiku velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a nikdy nebyly p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou jej\u00edho p\u00e1du.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Machiavelli poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee tato instituce, pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee byla regulovan\u00e1 a omezen\u00e1, umo\u017e\u0148ovala zvl\u00e1dat mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 situace, ani\u017e by se naru\u0161il \u00fastavn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro n\u011bj nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v samotn\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 moci, ale v jej\u00ed transformaci na moc trvalou. Proto rozli\u0161uje mezi \u201epr\u00e1vn\u011b \u0159\u00edzenou\u201c diktaturou a sv\u00e9voln\u00fdm uchopen\u00edm moci: prvn\u00ed posiluje st\u00e1t, druh\u00e1 jej podkop\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

I Jean-Jacques Rousseau ve sv\u00e9 Spole\u010densk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b (kniha IV) uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 nutnost mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed za v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. P\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eExistuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy sp\u00e1sa n\u00e1roda vy\u017eaduje pozastaven\u00ed autority z\u00e1kon\u016f.\u201c Toto pozastaven\u00ed v\u0161ak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt do\u010dasn\u00e9 a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na obnoven\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu. Rousseau se v\u00fdslovn\u011b odkazuje na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad, aby uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee republika m\u016f\u017ee zav\u00e9st nouzov\u00e9 mechanismy, ani\u017e by se vzdala sv\u00fdch princip\u016f, pokud c\u00edl z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u00fd: zachr\u00e1nit politick\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lze zde citovat i Carla Schmitta. V knize *Politick\u00e1 teologie* uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eSuver\u00e9nn\u00edm je ten, kdo rozhoduje o v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9m stavu.\u201c Schmitt rozli\u0161uje mezi komisa\u0159skou diktaturou \u2013 podobnou t\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d \u2013 a suver\u00e9nn\u00ed diktaturou, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed vytvo\u0159it nov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m modelu byl dikt\u00e1tor komisa\u0159em: jednal tak, aby obnovil republik\u00e1nsk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, nikoli aby jej nahradil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 diktatury tento teoretick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup potvrzuje. Dikt\u00e1tor jmenoval sv\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem Magister Equitum, soust\u0159edil vojensk\u00e9 velen\u00ed do sv\u00fdch rukou a mohl \u010dinit rychl\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed bez obvykl\u00fdch konzulta\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f. Ostatn\u00ed magistr\u00e1ti form\u00e1ln\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vali ve sv\u00fdch funkc\u00edch, ale byli pod\u0159\u00edzeni jeho autorit\u011b. Oby\u010dejov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a \u010dasov\u00e9 limity fungovaly jako struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed omezen\u00ed. Diktatura byla tedy institucion\u00e1ln\u00edm mezihmot\u00edm stanoven\u00fdm v nepsan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u00fastav\u011b. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee se nezvrhla v tyranii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m a africk\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed o rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed star\u00fdch politick\u00fdch stran a odbor\u016f v Burkin\u011b Faso vyvolalo u n\u011bkter\u00fdch moralist\u016f p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed a pobou\u0159en\u00ed, a to jak doma, tak v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti to v\u0161ak lze ch\u00e1pat jako opatrn\u00fd krok k \u201eafrikanizaci\u201c politiky. Tyto organizace nejen\u017ee nep\u0159inesly Burkin\u011b Faso \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed u\u017eitek, ale ani nevy\u0159e\u0161ily probl\u00e9my zem\u011b. Naopak, \u010dasto p\u0159isp\u011bly k jejich zhor\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud plat\u00ed princip, \u017ee \u201eafrick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed africk\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u201c, pak by strany a odbory vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 podle evropsk\u00fdch vzor\u016f \u2013 vn\u00edman\u00e9 jako d\u011bdictv\u00ed kolonialismu a n\u00e1stroje jeho neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00edho pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 m\u011bly zaniknout. Byly by nejen ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, ale dokonce \u0161kodliv\u00e9, proto\u017ee by nejednaly v z\u00e1jmu m\u00edstn\u00edho obyvatelstva, ale v z\u00e1jmu b\u00fdval\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch mocnost\u00ed a nov\u00fdch vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vlivn\u00fdch subjekt\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edcestranick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou v n\u011bkolika africk\u00fdch kontextech popisov\u00e1ny jako problematick\u00e9, proto\u017ee \u00fadajn\u011b zhor\u0161uj\u00ed klanov\u00e9 a kmenov\u00e9 konflikty. Stranick\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed, \u010dasto vn\u00edman\u00e9 jako odraz identitn\u00edch zlom\u016f skryt\u00fdch za ideologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lepkami, p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k fragmentaci st\u00e1tu. M\u00edsto toho jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed modely, kter\u00e9 jsou autentick\u00fdm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00ed kultury \u2013 ale pouze po osvobozen\u00ed se od politick\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch omezen\u00ed kolonialismu a neokolonialismu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle t\u00e9to interpretace star\u00e9 \u201eevropsk\u00e9\u201c strany spravovaly st\u00e1t jako soukrom\u00fd majetek a sledovaly z\u00e1jmy vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch elit a jejich rodinn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Zajistily si vnit\u0159n\u00ed kleptokratick\u00fd re\u017eim a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017enily b\u00fdval\u00fdm koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm mocnostem a dal\u0161\u00edm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm akt\u00e9r\u016fm kontrolovat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdroje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do tohoto obrazu zapad\u00e1 i fenom\u00e9n terorismu. Nen\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako skute\u010dn\u00fd protivn\u00edk \u201eevropsk\u00e9\u201c politiky, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jako jej\u00ed dopln\u011bk. Stranick\u00e1 politika a ozbrojen\u00e9 skupiny si mezi sebou rozd\u011blily \u00fazem\u00ed v k\u0159ehk\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1ze, a t\u00edm udr\u017eovaly permanentn\u00ed nestabilitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Traor\u00e9, kter\u00e9ho n\u011bkter\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia ozna\u010duj\u00ed za dikt\u00e1tora, je z tohoto pohledu africk\u00fdm politikem v nejpravdiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu. V r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00edch \u2013 jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v Malijsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, Songhajsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i nebo A\u0161antsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u2013 m\u011bl vl\u00e1dce silnou autoritu, zprost\u0159edkovanou radami star\u0161\u00edch nebo n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edky klan\u016f. V dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1lky byla moc d\u00e1le centralizov\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad v b\u00fdval\u00e9 A\u0161antsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i vl\u00e1dli Asantehenov\u00e9 s radou, ale v dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1lky p\u0159evl\u00e1dalo vojensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed. Tento model funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 komisa\u0159skou diktaturu popsanou Schmittem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jako p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit i Etiopsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Negus vlastnil posv\u00e1tn\u011b legitimizovanou autoritu. V dob\u00e1ch povst\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hrozby mohl centralizovat zna\u010dnou moc. Tato legitimita se zakl\u00e1dala nejen na s\u00edle, ale tak\u00e9 na teologick\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm prvkem t\u011bchto politick\u00fdch tradic bylo obnoven\u00ed harmonie v komunit\u011b. Legitimita nevypl\u00fdv\u00e1 pouze z form\u00e1ln\u00ed legality, ale ze schopnosti udr\u017eovat rovnov\u00e1hu mezi skupinami, frakcemi a z\u00e1jmy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Filozof Kwasi Wiredu zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee v mnoha z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch byl konsensus hlavn\u00edm principem vl\u00e1dy. Pokud by byl tento princip v\u00e1\u017en\u011b naru\u0161en, mohl by b\u00fdt k obnoven\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku nutn\u00fd rozhodn\u00fd z\u00e1sah.<\/span><\/p>\n

I v postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi se v\u016fdci jako Kwame Nkrumah nebo Julius Nyerere zasazovali o siln\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159ekonaly um\u011bl\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 korupce, terorismus na prahu, ekonomick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed franku CFA \u2013 za takov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek nelze v Burkin\u011b Faso hovo\u0159it o skute\u010dn\u00e9 demokracii ani bezpe\u010dnosti. Dne\u0161n\u00ed kritika nejistoty a terorismu je n\u00e1padn\u011b selektivn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Traor\u00e9ho krok tedy nen\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem despotick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy teroru, ale ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm sign\u00e1lem na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b. Znovu potvrzuje, \u017ee Afrika mus\u00ed b\u00fdt africk\u00e1 \u2013 a \u017ee star\u00fd z\u00e1padn\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d by se m\u011bl l\u00e9pe zam\u011b\u0159it na sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed \u00fapadek, ne\u017e aby rozd\u00e1val legitimitu po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lorenzo Maria Pacini<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Krok Ibrahima Traor\u00e9ho zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 stopu na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b a znovu potvrzuje, \u017ee Afrika je africk\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99876,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,1042,2181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99875"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99875"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99875\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}