{"id":99244,"date":"2026-02-11T04:48:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T03:48:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=99244"},"modified":"2026-02-11T04:48:57","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T03:48:57","slug":"sankce-eu-za-svobodu-projevu-ustavni-pravnik-varuje-pred-rizikovymi-nejasnostmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/11\/sankce-eu-za-svobodu-projevu-ustavni-pravnik-varuje-pred-rizikovymi-nejasnostmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Sankce EU za svobodu projevu: \u00dastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edk varuje p\u0159ed rizikov\u00fdmi nejasnostmi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u011bmeck\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>Bundestag<\/span><\/b>\u00a0schv\u00e1lil \u201e Z\u00e1kon<\/span>\u00a0o \u00faprav\u011b trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f a sankc\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed omezuj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie\u201c, kter\u00fd v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje tresty za obch\u00e1zen\u00ed sankc\u00ed EU v\u016f\u010di Rusku. Jak v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uje expert na \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo profesor Dietrich Murswiek, z\u00e1kon je nejednozna\u010dn\u011b formulov\u00e1n: nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda se vztahuje i na ob\u010dany EU, kte\u0159\u00ed byli EU sankcionov\u00e1ni za vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Berl\u00edn\u00a0<\/span>(multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Existuj\u00ed nejasnosti ohledn\u011b interpretace v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed trest\u016f za obch\u00e1zen\u00ed sankc\u00ed EU t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se Ruska, kter\u00e9 Bundestag\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>schv\u00e1lil<\/span><\/a>\u00a015. ledna \u00a0. Podle \u201eZ\u00e1kona o adaptaci trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f a sankc\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>omezuj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unie\u201c\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>mus\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0b\u00fdt \u00famysln\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed sankc\u00ed klasifikov\u00e1no jako trestn\u00e9 \u010diny a nelze jej ji\u017e pova\u017eovat za pouh\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159estupky. Tresty se pohybuj\u00ed od t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do p\u011bti let v\u011bzen\u00ed. Z\u00e1kon byl schv\u00e1len proti hlas\u016fm AfD, kter\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>argumentovala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee je \u201enebezpe\u010dn\u00e9\u201c p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u201e\u017ee zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku lze nahradit trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zm\u011bny byly provedeny v z\u00e1kon\u011b o zahrani\u010dn\u00edm obchodu a platb\u00e1ch a implementuj\u00ed po\u017eadavky odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>sm\u011brnice EU<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0(2024\/1226). Podle nov\u00e9ho \u00a7 18 z\u00e1kona o zahrani\u010dn\u00edm obchodu a platb\u00e1ch zahrnuje poru\u0161en\u00ed \u201ehospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch sank\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00fdch Radou Evropsk\u00e9 unie v oblasti spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky\u201c mimo jin\u00e9 obchod se zbo\u017e\u00edm, \u201eposkytov\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00e9 pomoci, zprost\u0159edkovatelsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby nebo poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c, \u201eposkytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f nebo finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci\u201c, \u201eposkytov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho poradenstv\u00ed\u201c\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a> telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby, \u201euzav\u0159en\u00ed nebo pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed leasingov\u00e9 smlouvy nebo jin\u00e9 transakce se t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u00ed\u201c a \u201eposkytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f nebo hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f\u201c. Poru\u0161en\u00ed oznamovac\u00edch povinnost\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed, aktiv nebo finan\u010dn\u00edch transakc\u00ed bude v budoucnu rovn\u011b\u017e podl\u00e9hat sankc\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b rozsahu z\u00e1kona z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Odborn\u00edk na \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo profesor Dietrich Murswiek v reakci na dotaz organizace Multipolar uvedl, \u017ee zn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho textu je \u201ezav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se zmi\u0148uje o \u201ehospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch sankc\u00edch\u201c, zat\u00edmco na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00fd z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce uplat\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tresty podle odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho \u00a7 18 \u201ena v\u0161echny sankce\u201c. \u201eTo zahrnuje i individu\u00e1ln\u00ed sankce\u201c na z\u00e1klad\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>rozhodnut\u00ed Rady<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0EU .<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroj z EU z Rady pro spravedlnost a vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00fd si p\u0159\u00e1l z\u016fstat v anonymit\u011b, potvrdil agentu\u0159e Multipolar tuto interpretaci. Zn\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brnice, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt provedena, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se vztahuje i na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed sankce. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 evropsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd plukovn\u00edk ve v\u00fdslu\u017eb\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Jacques Baud<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a n\u011bmeck\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>H\u00fcseyin Dogru<\/span><\/a> . Sankce proti t\u011bmto dv\u011bma v\u0161ak nebyly uvaleny za ekonomickou podporu Ruska; sp\u00ed\u0161e jsou obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni z vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f a novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho zpravodajstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Multipolar se informovala u r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, zda se p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tresty podle z\u00e1kona o zahrani\u010dn\u00edm obchodu a platb\u00e1ch vztahuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bna individu\u00e1ln\u00ed sankce. Spolkov\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a kontrolu v\u00fdvozu (BAFA) i spolkov\u00e9 ministerstvo financ\u00ed se prohl\u00e1sily za neodpov\u011bdn\u00e9. Ministerstvo financ\u00ed je postoupilo spolkov\u00e9mu ministerstvu zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Spolkov\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed i spolkov\u00e9 ministerstvo spravedlnosti je zase postoupily spolkov\u00e9mu ministerstvu hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a energetiky. Mluv\u010d\u00ed druh\u00e9ho jmenovan\u00e9ho ministerstvu vysv\u011btlil spole\u010dnosti Multipolar, \u017ee nov\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny podle sank\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kona \u201ese obecn\u011b vztahuj\u00ed na v\u0161echna sank\u010dn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU\u201c. Zda v\u0161ak poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb nebo podpory sankcionovan\u00fdm osob\u00e1m \u201ev\u016fbec p\u0159edstavuje poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kazu poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb podle sank\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kona\u201c bude \u201enejprve nutn\u00e9 prozkoumat\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle sm\u011brnice EU mohou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty stanovit, \u017ee \u201e\u010diny nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din, pokud se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, zbo\u017e\u00ed, slu\u017eeb, transakc\u00ed nebo \u010dinnost\u00ed pod prahovou hodnotou 10 000 EUR\u201c. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdbor n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Spolkov\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu v\u0161ak v reakci na dotaz informoval spole\u010dnost Multipolar, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00fd z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fd sbor tuto mo\u017enost \u201enevyu\u017eil\u201c. Takov\u00e1 prahov\u00e1 hodnota je \u201eciz\u00ed z\u00e1konu o zahrani\u010dn\u00edm obchodu a platb\u00e1ch a nen\u00ed provediteln\u00e1\u201c. Prahov\u00e1 hodnota nav\u00edc \u201enen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 pro vymezen\u00ed hranice mezi trestn\u00fdm a netrestn\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdbor uvedl, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du mohou org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u201evhodn\u011b reagovat, pokud neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nebo pouze mal\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem na trestn\u00edm st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Murswieka nen\u00ed podle nov\u011b revidovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (\u00a7 18, odstavec 11) poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz a ekonomick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem, pokud je \u010din proveden jako \u201ehumanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc osob\u011b v nouzi\u201c nebo jako \u201e\u010dinnost na podporu z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb\u201c. Nov\u00e1 \u201ehrozba trestu\u201c m\u00e1 nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u201eodstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek\u201c, proto\u017ee \u201enen\u00ed p\u0159edem zn\u00e1mo, kter\u00e9 slu\u017eby budou \u00fa\u0159ady uzn\u00e1ny jako nezbytn\u00e9 \u201ak podpo\u0159e z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb\u2018\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek je reprintem zpr\u00e1vy z <\/span>\u010dasopisu Multipolar<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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N\u011bmeck\u00fd\u00a0Bundestag\u00a0schv\u00e1lil \u201e Z\u00e1kon\u00a0o \u00faprav\u011b trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f a sankc\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed omezuj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie\u201c, kter\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99245,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,41,84,125,858],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99244"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99244\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}