{"id":99182,"date":"2026-02-10T06:14:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T05:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=99182"},"modified":"2026-02-10T06:14:51","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T05:14:51","slug":"proc-cina-neochranila-venezuelu-pred-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/10\/proc-cina-neochranila-venezuelu-pred-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d \u010c\u00edna neochr\u00e1nila Venezuelu p\u0159ed USA?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Peking se p\u0159eskupuje, aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobil nov\u00e9mu sv\u011btov\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d zem\u00ed, ale neustupuje z Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky<\/h3>\n

Americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 intervence ve Venezuele v lednu 2026 \u2013 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Operace Absolutn\u00ed odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 vyslala \u0161okov\u00e9 vlny daleko za hranice Caracasu. \u00datoky na c\u00edle ve venezuelsk\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b a zajet\u00edm prezidenta Nicol\u00e1se Madura Washington signalizoval rozhodn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat k tvrd\u00e9 moci na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli. Operace nebyla pouze taktick\u00fdm tahem proti nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu; byla strategick\u00fdm poselstv\u00edm o vlivu, hierarchii a kontrole v Americe. Pro \u010c\u00ednu, kter\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u011b investovala do politick\u00e9ho a ekonomick\u00e9ho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed Venezuely, intervence okam\u017eit\u011b vyvolala ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b limit\u016f jej\u00edho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho dosahu a vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se pravidel sout\u011b\u017ee velmoc\u00ed ve st\u00e1le v\u00edce multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 reakce na operaci Absolutn\u00ed odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed byla rychl\u00e1 t\u00f3nem, ale obsahov\u011b opatrn\u00e1. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Pekingu odsoudila akci USA jako poru\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity a ozna\u010dila ji za destabilizuj\u00edc\u00ed a symbolickou pro jednostrannou hegemonii. Z\u00e1stupci \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed opakovan\u011b nal\u00e9hali na Washington, aby respektoval Chartu OSN a p\u0159estal se vm\u011b\u0161ovat do vnit\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed Venezuely, a \u010c\u00ednu postavili do role obr\u00e1nce st\u00e1tn\u00ed suverenity a multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch norem.<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9torika v\u0161ak nebyla doprov\u00e1zena eskalac\u00ed. Peking se vyhnul hrozb\u00e1m odvety nebo nab\u00eddk\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 pomoci Caracasu. M\u00edsto toho omezil svou reakci na diplomatick\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, znovu potvrdil sv\u016fj nesouhlas s jednostrann\u00fdmi sankcemi a vydal cestovn\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed, v nich\u017e varoval \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ob\u010dany, aby se vyhnuli Venezuele v dob\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nestability. \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed analytici zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee prioritou je omezen\u00ed \u0161kod: ochrana dlouhodob\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch a strategick\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k vyprovokov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 konfrontace s americkou vojenskou silou na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e1 reakce zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed rys \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k Latinsk\u00e9 Americe. Peking usiluje o hlubokou ekonomickou anga\u017eovanost a hlasitou podporu suverenity, ale d\u016fsledn\u011b se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 vojensk\u00e9 konkurenci s USA v regionu, kde americk\u00e1 moc z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed. Operace Absolutn\u00ed odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed odhalila jak siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, tak i limity t\u00e9to strategie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vztah \u010c\u00edny s Madurovou vl\u00e1dou nebyl ani symbolick\u00fd, ani povrchn\u00ed. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00ed se Venezuela stala jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch partner\u016f Pekingu v Americe. V roce 2023 ob\u011b zem\u011b pov\u00fd\u0161ily sv\u00e9 vazby na\u00a0<\/span>\u201estrategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed za ka\u017ed\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed\u201c, co\u017e<\/span><\/em>\u00a0je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 bilater\u00e1ln\u00edho partnerstv\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. Tento status odr\u00e1\u017eel ambice trval\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce v oblasti energetiky, financ\u00ed, infrastruktury a politick\u00e9 koordinace a za\u0159adil Venezuelu mezi \u00fazk\u00fd okruh st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 Peking pova\u017eoval za strategicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 banky poskytly Caracasu rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed, z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti strukturovan\u00e9 jako \u00fav\u011bry zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ropou, kter\u00e9 Venezuele umo\u017enily udr\u017eet si p\u0159\u00edstup na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trhy navzdory americk\u00fdm sankc\u00edm. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se zapojily do energetick\u00fdch projekt\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti Orinock\u00e9ho p\u00e1su, zat\u00edmco bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod se podstatn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il. Venezuelsk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 ropa, a\u010dkoli se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b a draho rafinuje, tvo\u0159ila v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m dovozu ropy, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u011blo k \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed strategii Pekingu v oblasti diverzifikace dod\u00e1vek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce se tak\u00e9 rozv\u00edjela, by\u0165 opatrn\u011b. Venezuela se stala jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch odb\u011bratel\u016f \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe a \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed technici z\u00edskali p\u0159\u00edstup k satelitn\u00edm sledovac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm na venezuelsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 Peking stanovil jasn\u00e9 hranice. Vyh\u00fdbal se form\u00e1ln\u00edm obrann\u00fdm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm, trval\u00e9mu nasazen\u00ed vojsk nebo z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen \u2013 sign\u00e1ly, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna se nesna\u017eila zpochybnit strategickou p\u0159evahu USA na venezuelsk\u00e9 polokouli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pekingsk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy ve Venezuele sahaly daleko za r\u00e1mec prodeje ropy a zbran\u00ed. Zem\u011b slou\u017eila jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd uzel v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 latinskoamerick\u00e9 strategii, kter\u00e1 kladla d\u016fraz na rozvoj infrastruktury, expanzi obchodu, finan\u010dn\u00ed integraci, politickou koordinaci a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu v multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u00edch. Tento model usiloval o budov\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm propojen\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e n\u00e1tlaku \u010di s\u00edly, \u010d\u00edm\u017e posiloval image \u010c\u00edny jako rozvojov\u00e9ho partnera sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho patrona.<\/span><\/p>\n

Realita po intervenci v\u0161ak tuto rovnici v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila. Po Madurov\u011b odvol\u00e1n\u00ed z moci p\u0159evzaly USA faktickou kontrolu nad venezuelsk\u00fdm v\u00fdvozem ropy, p\u0159esm\u011brovaly p\u0159\u00edjmy a stanovily podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch se ropa dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na sv\u011btov\u00e9 trhy. Washington sice \u010c\u00edn\u011b umo\u017enil nad\u00e1le nakupovat venezuelskou ropu, ale prodej se nyn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed striktn\u011b za tr\u017en\u00ed ceny a za podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uj\u00ed preferen\u010dn\u00ed ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fdch se Peking d\u0159\u00edve t\u011b\u0161il. Tato zm\u011bna p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a oslabuje p\u00e1kov\u00fd efekt obsa\u017een\u00fd v jej\u00edch \u00fav\u011brech kryt\u00fdch ropou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 kontrola nad toky ropy tak\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 Washingtonu vliv na restrukturalizaci dluhu a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u011b\u0159iteli, co\u017e potenci\u00e1ln\u011b komplikuje \u00fasil\u00ed \u010c\u00edny o vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed nesplacen\u00fdch \u00fav\u011br\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem je prudk\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed s\u00edly Pekingu v Caracasu a p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 \u017eivotaschopnosti jeho investic. Pro \u010c\u00ednu je dilema nal\u00e9hav\u00e9: jak br\u00e1nit ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, ani\u017e by p\u0159ekro\u010dila strategick\u00fd pr\u00e1h, kter\u00fd by vyvolal konfrontaci s USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm politiky USA formulovan\u00fdm v N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed strategii z roku 2025. Dokument klade obnoven\u00fd d\u016fraz na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli jako kl\u00ed\u010dovou strategickou prioritu a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jasn\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed logiky Monroeovy doktr\u00edny. Signalizuje odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed Washingtonu prosazovat vliv v regionu a omezovat vojenskou, technologickou a obchodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mocnost\u00ed \u2013 zejm\u00e9na \u010c\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Peking to vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed asymetrii. Des\u00edtky let investic, obchodu a diplomatick\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti nemohou vyv\u00e1\u017eit realitu vojensk\u00e9 dominance USA v Americe. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 preferovan\u00e1 sada n\u00e1stroj\u016f \u2013 ekonomick\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed, financov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury a nevm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se \u2013 \u010del\u00ed inherentn\u00edm omezen\u00edm, kdy\u017e je konfrontov\u00e1na s rozhodn\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm tvrd\u00e9 s\u00edly. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pekingsk\u00fd d\u016fraz na suverenitu a multilateralismus nad\u00e1le rezonuje s \u010d\u00e1stmi latinskoamerick\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed intervence a tou\u017e\u00ed po zachov\u00e1n\u00ed strategick\u00e9 autonomie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed strategi\u00ed USA a \u010c\u00edny odhaluje odli\u0161n\u00e9 sv\u011bton\u00e1zory. Americk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, jak je nast\u00edn\u011bn ve strategii 2025, zach\u00e1z\u00ed s hemisf\u00e9rou jako se strategick\u00fdm prostorem, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba zabezpe\u010dit p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vyzyvateli prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch partnerstv\u00ed, ekonomick\u00fdch pob\u00eddek a vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159ipravenosti. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup up\u0159ednost\u0148uje integraci, rozvojovou spolupr\u00e1ci a respektov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed volby a spol\u00e9h\u00e1 se na postupn\u00fd vliv sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na explicitn\u00ed vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z pohledu \u201eDonroeovy doktr\u00edny\u201c a p\u0159echodu k multipolarit\u011b p\u0159edstavuje venezuelsk\u00e1 epizoda kritick\u00fd bod zlomu. USA znovu potvrdily svou dominanci na sv\u00e9 polokouli nepochybn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00edna byla nucena uznat limity sv\u00e9ho dosahu daleko od domova.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna sice m\u016f\u017ee ve Venezuele ztratit p\u016fdu pod nohama, ale to nutn\u011b neznamen\u00e1 \u00fastup z regionu. Sp\u00ed\u0161e to nazna\u010duje adaptaci. Diverzifikovan\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed se zem\u011bmi, jako je Braz\u00edlie a Mexiko, spolu s pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed anga\u017eovanost\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodu a investic, nab\u00edzej\u00ed alternativn\u00ed cesty vp\u0159ed. Obecn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, vznik implicitn\u00edch sf\u00e9r vlivu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v souladu se z\u00e1jmy \u010c\u00edny jinde, zejm\u00e9na v Asii, kde Peking usiluje o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho strategick\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je st\u00e1le v\u00edce definov\u00e1n sp\u00ed\u0161e vyjednan\u00fdmi hranicemi ne\u017e univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed dominanc\u00ed, Washington i Peking testuj\u00ed, kam a\u017e sah\u00e1 jejich moc \u2013 a kde se zdr\u017eenlivost st\u00e1v\u00e1 strategickou. V\u00fdsledek utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nejen budoucnost Venezuely, ale tak\u00e9 vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se architekturu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du v multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ladislav\u00a0<\/span>Zem\u00e1nek<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, nerezidentn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk China-CEE Institute a expert Valdaisk\u00e9ho diskusn\u00edho klubu<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"Ladislav<\/a><\/div>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Peking se p\u0159eskupuje, aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobil nov\u00e9mu sv\u011btov\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d zem\u00ed, ale neustupuje z Latinsk\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,30,37,181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99182"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}