{"id":99053,"date":"2026-02-09T00:23:18","date_gmt":"2026-02-08T23:23:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=99053"},"modified":"2026-02-08T15:07:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T14:07:34","slug":"antisemitismus-slovo-moc-a-strach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/09\/antisemitismus-slovo-moc-a-strach\/","title":{"rendered":"Antisemitismus: slovo, moc a strach"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u00edme slova. Slovo \u201eantisemitismus\u201c se stalo jedn\u00edm z nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v z\u00e1padn\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u00edm arzen\u00e1lu. Slovo, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed, obvi\u0148uje, diskvalifikuje a n\u011bkdy i ukon\u010duje debatu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed jej\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tkem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Abychom pochopili jeho s\u00edlu, mus\u00edme se vr\u00e1tit k jeho p\u016fvodu. Term\u00edn se objevil v roce 1879 v Berl\u00edn\u011b a zavedl ho Wilhelm Marr. Tehdy ne\u0161lo o obranu men\u0161iny, ale o to, aby se nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo v Evrop\u011b ji\u017e hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bno, zakrylo pseudov\u011bdeck\u00fdm zevn\u011bj\u0161kem. Slovo vynalezen\u00e9 k modernizaci p\u0159edsudku. D\u011bjiny 20. stolet\u00ed \u2013 a naprost\u00e1 hr\u016fza vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch \u017did\u016f \u2013 pak tomuto term\u00ednu dodaly nesm\u00edrnou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1hu. Pr\u00e1vem. Proti nen\u00e1visti nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 proti lidu za to, k\u00fdm je, je t\u0159eba jednozna\u010dn\u011b bojovat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ale historie nekon\u010d\u00ed povinnost\u00ed pamatovat. Pokra\u010duje v politick\u00e9m u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slov.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dnes v ur\u010dit\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch politick\u00fdch a medi\u00e1ln\u00edch kontextech p\u016fsob\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed z antisemitismu jako okam\u017eit\u00fd spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d. Vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed, sankce a okam\u017eit\u00e9 pobou\u0159en\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 proti jin\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm skupin\u00e1m s mnohem pomalej\u0161\u00ed a v\u00e1hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed reakc\u00ed. Pr\u00e1vn\u011b existuje ochrana pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Politicky a symbolicky v\u0161ak intenzita reakce nen\u00ed v\u017edy stejn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zde vznik\u00e1 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed dvoj\u00edho metru. Rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed z variabiln\u00ed geometrie. Implicitn\u00ed hierarchie citlivost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Toto vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed se s v\u00e1lkou v Gaze zes\u00edlilo. Gaza odhalila z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozpor: propast mezi proklamovan\u00fdmi hodnotami \u2013 lidsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy, ochranou civilist\u016f a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem zalo\u017een\u00fdm na pr\u00e1vn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b \u2013 a geopolitickou realitou. Pro velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u011bta se tento konflikt stal mor\u00e1ln\u00ed zkou\u0161kou. A mnoz\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tato zkou\u0161ka odhalila syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e se v z\u00e1padn\u00edm diskurzu n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eivoty zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V tomto klimatu se slovo \u201eantisemitismus\u201c ocit\u00e1 v centru s\u00e9mantick\u00e9 bitvy. Pokud je pou\u017eito p\u0159esn\u011b, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezbytn\u00e9 pro pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 nen\u00e1visti. Pokud je v\u0161ak pou\u017eito jako politick\u00fd reflex, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t r\u00e9torick\u00fdm \u0161t\u00edtem, kter\u00fd dus\u00ed kritiku, m\u00edsto aby jasn\u011b rozli\u0161oval mezi nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00edm v\u016f\u010di dan\u00e9mu lidu a odporem k ur\u010dit\u00e9 politice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Siln\u00e1 demokracie se neboj\u00ed slov. Boj\u00ed se jejich zmaten\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd st\u00e1t nen\u00ed vylou\u010den z kritiky. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 ideologie nen\u00ed vylou\u010dena z diskuse. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1rod by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt esencializov\u00e1n \u2013 ani d\u00e9monizov\u00e1n, ani posv\u011bcov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edla spole\u010dnosti se nem\u011b\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed schopnost\u00ed chr\u00e1nit ur\u010dit\u00e1 slova, ale schopnost\u00ed je d\u016fsledn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat. Aby boj proti v\u0161em form\u00e1m rasismu z\u016fstal d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u016fsledn\u00fd, univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed a neselektivn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Proto\u017ee kdy\u017e se tak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 slovo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak \u0161iroce, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou p\u0159esnost. A kdy\u017e ztrat\u00ed svou p\u0159esnost, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou s\u00edlu. Riziko nen\u00ed jen jazykov\u00e9: je politick\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00ed nakonec vyvol\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e ned\u016fv\u011bru ne\u017e podporu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nebojme se slov, ale nebojme se ani jejich p\u0159esnosti. \u0158\u00edct, \u017ee v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du existuj\u00ed dvoj\u00ed metry, nen\u00ed nen\u00e1vist. \u0158\u00edct, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 politiky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kritizov\u00e1ny, nen\u00ed nen\u00e1vist. \u0158\u00edct, \u017ee lidsk\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost mus\u00ed b\u00fdt univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, nen\u00ed nen\u00e1vist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sebev\u011bdom\u00e1 demokracie nemus\u00ed zakazovat kritiku, aby se mohla br\u00e1nit. Pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159esn\u00fd jazyk, otev\u0159enou debatu a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed konzistenci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jinak slova, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit, nakonec rozd\u011bluj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/reseauinternational.net\/author\/laalabechetoula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Laala Bechetoula<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u00edme slova. Slovo \u201eantisemitismus\u201c se stalo jedn\u00edm z nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v z\u00e1padn\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u00edm arzen\u00e1lu. Slovo, kter\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99054,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,217,398,7140],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99053"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99053\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}