{"id":9887,"date":"2022-04-23T05:17:58","date_gmt":"2022-04-23T03:17:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=9887"},"modified":"2022-04-23T05:19:10","modified_gmt":"2022-04-23T03:19:10","slug":"zbynek-fiala-lidi-si-o-to-reknou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/04\/23\/zbynek-fiala-lidi-si-o-to-reknou\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Lidi si o to \u0159eknou"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jem je te\u010f dole, mezi lidmi, ne naho\u0159e, v divok\u00fdch p\u0159eletech p\u0159es oce\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

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\u0158e\u010deno se \u0160vejkem, drahou vlast vovinuly n\u011bjak\u00e9 mraky. \u010clov\u011bk aby si vybral, jestli m\u00e1 na energii, nebo na j\u00eddlo, ale kde m\u00e1 potom vz\u00edt na st\u0159echu nad hlavou. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed spl\u00e1tka hypot\u00e9ky na pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd byt o velikosti 65 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch v\u00a0Praze \u010din\u00ed 33 tis\u00edc korun. Dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je, \u017ee v\u00a0posledn\u00edm t\u00fddnu tato hodnota nepatrn\u011b klesla. \u0160patn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je, \u017ee rodina, kter\u00e1 chce bydlet v nijak luxusn\u00edm byt\u011b mus\u00ed po cel\u00fdch 30 let, prakticky po cel\u00fd produktivn\u00ed \u017eivot, odevzd\u00e1vat jeden plat na hypot\u00e9ku, a to si p\u0159edt\u00edm musela p\u011btinu ceny na\u0161et\u0159it. Hypot\u00e9ka je na 80 procent.<\/p>\n

Zbytkem \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f aby se takov\u00e1 rodina pro\u017eebrala, ale kdyby to m\u011blo hrozit u\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku, tak by tu hypot\u00e9ku ani nedostala. Mus\u00ed naopak pat\u0159it k\u00a0t\u011bm horn\u00edm nev\u00edm kolika procent\u016fm, kdy oba dosp\u011bl\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 maj\u00ed nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 platy. A je\u0161t\u011b je \u017eiv\u00ed babi\u010dka, kter\u00e1 pro n\u011b v\u00a0rodn\u00e9 v\u00edsce chov\u00e1 slepice a kr\u00e1l\u00edky, proto\u017ee jinak by kluk znal kolo nebo ly\u017ee jenom z\u00a0obr\u00e1zkov\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eky. K cen\u00e1m pra\u017esk\u00fdch byt\u016f mus\u00edme samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dodat, \u017ee v\u00a0Praze jsou o polovinu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy ne\u017e jinde v\u00a0\u010cesku. Jinde to proto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale nikoliv snaz\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd \u00fadaj poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Indexu dostupnosti byt\u016f, kter\u00fd ze zdroj\u016f spole\u010dnosti EMA publikoval Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy. Jedn\u00e1 se o meziro\u010dn\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee kombinace cen byt\u016f a hypot\u00e9ky, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed uveden\u00fd index, m\u011bla roku 2020 hodnotu 1,0 (s t\u00edm za\u010d\u00ednali) a nyn\u00ed m\u00e1 hodnotu 2,00 (p\u0159esn\u011b 1,99, ale to v\u00e1m nepom\u016f\u017ee). S\u00a0dostupnost\u00ed byt\u016f je to tedy po dvou letech dvakr\u00e1t hor\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inu toho nad\u011blaly ceny byt\u016f, proto\u017ee pro t\u011bch p\u00e1r lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u n\u00e1s maj\u00ed velk\u00e9 pen\u00edze, byly spekulativn\u00ed investice do nemovitost\u00ed jedinou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed jak vyd\u011blat p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch \u00farokov\u00fdch sazb\u00e1ch. Av\u0161ak probl\u00e9m n\u00edzk\u00fdch \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb u\u017e je p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed \u010cNB odstran\u011bn, a tak mohou stoupat jak ceny byt\u016f, tak n\u00e1klady hypot\u00e9ky.<\/p>\n

Jist\u011b\u017ee je dobr\u00e9 bydlet, ale bydlet zmrzl\u00fd a o hladu, to taky nen\u00ed ono. Z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f o b\u0159eznov\u00e9 inflaci vy\u010dteme, jak p\u011bkn\u011b se u n\u00e1s rozb\u00edhaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eky z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Ko\u0161 spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch cen vzrostl v\u00a0b\u0159eznu skoro o 13 procent, ale berte to za pouhou statistickou h\u0159\u00ed\u010dku, kdy je jedno, zda se srovn\u00e1v\u00e1me s\u00a0cenami z lo\u0148ska nebo za bol\u0161ev\u00edka. Ceny energi\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00fdch burz\u00e1ch kol\u00edsaj\u00ed mezi p\u011btin\u00e1sobkem a desetin\u00e1sobkem lo\u0148sk\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, kdepak n\u011bjak\u00e1 mal\u00e1 procent\u00ed\u010dka. Pomalej\u0161\u00ed vzestup cen doma m\u016f\u017ee trvat jen tak dlouho, dokud vydr\u017e\u00ed star\u00e9 z\u00e1soby a smlouvy.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 s\u00a0potravinami to vypad\u00e1 dost \u0161patn\u011b. \u010cesk\u00e1 sklize\u0148 obil\u00ed je u\u017e pr\u00fd vyprodan\u00e1, tak to funguje na trz\u00edch s\u00a0futures, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm zajistit vyrovnan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ceny ne\u017e prodej po sklizni, kdy prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161ichni. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 organizace pro potraviny a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed FAO odhaduje, \u017ee na Ukrajin\u011b bude ohro\u017eena t\u0159etina obvykl\u00e9 sklizn\u011b. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 netu\u0161\u00edme, jak se bude zach\u00e1zet s\u00a0tou ruskou. V\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed hladomorem v\u00a0chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou odk\u00e1z\u00e1ny na dovozy obil\u00ed. Jen\u017ee jsou i produk\u010dn\u00ed zem\u011b, jako \u010cesko, kter\u00e9 obil\u00ed vyvezou v\u00a0nad\u011bji, \u017ee jinde nakoup\u00ed levn\u011bji pro vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159ebu. To te\u010f asi nedopadne.<\/p>\n

Pokud je o n\u00e1klady bydlen\u00ed, do \u010d\u00edsel o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 inflaci se prom\u00edtaj\u00ed jen n\u00e1jmy, a to je\u0161t\u011b jen jednou t\u0159etinou, proto\u017ee t\u0159etina lid\u00ed bydl\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m a t\u0159etina v\u00a0dru\u017estevn\u00edm. Jak u\u017e jsme si \u0159ekli, k\u00a0rostouc\u00edm cen\u00e1m nemovitost\u00ed se nyn\u00ed p\u0159idaly rostouc\u00ed \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby hypot\u00e9k, kter\u00e9 se z\u00a0roku na rok v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobily. Nev\u00edm, jak\u00fdmi \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dky se \u010cNB chlub\u00ed na n\u00e1st\u011bnce p\u0159ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed guvern\u00e9ra, ale pokud jde o inflaci, jsme na bedn\u011b. Podle Eurostatu je \u010desk\u00e1 b\u0159eznov\u00e1 inflace s\u00a012,7 procenty meziro\u010dn\u011b t\u0159et\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0EU.<\/p>\n

Pro n\u00e1s je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00f3nou spole\u010dn\u00e9 m\u011bny. \u010cNB zvedla sazby na p\u011bt procent, ale Evropsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka udr\u017euje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sazbu na nule a zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uje m\u011bnov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky jen t\u00edm, \u017ee sni\u017euje odkup st\u00e1tn\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch trochu uznateln\u00fdch dluhopis\u016f. V euroz\u00f3n\u011b maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s\u00a0nemovitostmi, energi\u00ed a potravinami jako my, ale p\u0159esto tam inflace v\u00a0b\u0159eznu stoupla jen na polovinu \u010desk\u00e9 hodnoty, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na meziro\u010dn\u00edch 7,4 procenta. Bude to nejsp\u00ed\u0161 t\u00edm, \u017ee si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, jak na ceny p\u016fsob\u00ed, kdy\u017e n\u011b\u010deho \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho se prost\u011b nedost\u00e1v\u00e1. Pak je to \u00fakol pro n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banku. Ta nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159idat byty, plyn nebo p\u0161enici. Bilanci \u017eivotn\u00edch pot\u0159eb m\u016f\u017ee vyrovnat leda t\u00edm, \u017ee ubere \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Komu to pom\u016f\u017ee? Bank\u00e1m, ale jen chv\u00edli, ne\u017e rostouc\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady podtrhnou celou ekonomiku. To pak m\u016f\u017ee polo\u017eit i ty banky. Riziko je o to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee na\u0161e velk\u00e9 banky jsou v\u00fdhradn\u011b v\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00ed a slou\u017e\u00ed jako ziskov\u00e1 b\u00e1ze pro sv\u00e9 matky. Nikde v\u00a0okol\u00ed nemaj\u00ed banky tak p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro extr\u00e9mn\u00ed zisky jako u n\u00e1s. Vy\u010dtete to snadno z\u00a0konsolidovan\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011brek, kde b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo hlavn\u00ed ozdobou. V\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9m slangu se tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 dojn\u00e1 kr\u00e1va, a ta mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vydojen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Zem\u011b ohro\u017een\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm poklesem si obvykle pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00farok\u016f a oslaben\u00edm m\u011bny. Euru se vytrvale vyh\u00fdb\u00e1me pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, abychom mohli korunu p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b oslabovat. Ale mince se lvem na z\u00e1d\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch je po t\u0159iceti letech na voln\u00e9m trhu tak slab\u00e1, \u017ee u\u017e prakticky nem\u00e1 kam klesat. A \u010desk\u00e9 \u00faroky? Ty stoupaj\u00ed. Dokonce pr\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1d je\u0161t\u011b nejsme u konce.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edpov\u011bdi \u010cNB i ministerstva financ\u00ed st\u00e1le po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed s\u00a0jak\u00fdmsi hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm r\u016fstem, ale to jim z\u0159ejm\u011b utekly ty zpr\u00e1vy o raketov\u00e9m r\u016fstu \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00fd od\u010derp\u00e1 zdroje na v\u0161echno krom\u011b toho absolutn\u011b nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho. Nedostatek \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho neodstran\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee zajist\u00edm, aby na to lidi nem\u011bli (metoda \u010cNB). Jen\u017ee neodstran\u00edm jej ani t\u00edm, \u017ee na to lidem p\u0159id\u00e1m (metoda vl\u00e1dy). Nap\u0159ed mus\u00edm tu pot\u0159ebu n\u011bjak pokr\u00fdt, a teprve pak se bavme o tom, jak si s\u00a0t\u00edm ceny pohraj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010cesku je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 kombinace jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00edch cen energi\u00ed a jednoho z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdvoz\u016f elekt\u0159iny na sv\u011bt\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159epo\u010dtu na obyvatele. M\u00edvali jsme nadprodukci zhruba jedn\u00e9 p\u011btiny elekt\u0159iny, kterou jsme dlouho prod\u00e1vali v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed pod cenou, tedy s\u00a0cenou odvozenou z\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Vych\u00e1zelo se z\u00a0faktu, \u017ee na\u0161i lid\u00e9, lapaj\u00edc\u00ed po dechu v\u00a0krajin\u011b zamo\u0159en\u00e9 exhalacemi a prachem z\u00a0povrchov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eby nekvalitn\u00edho uhl\u00ed, nemaj\u00ed do n\u00e1klad\u016f v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny co mluvit. Ka\u0161lou za sv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Kritika tohoto jevu nakonec usp\u011bla, a tak jsme p\u0159istoupili na ceny z\u00a0energetick\u00e9 burzy v\u00a0Lipsku. Jen\u017ee to do toho zase vstoupil n\u00e1stup obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v N\u011bmecku, a proto\u017ee slunce a v\u00edtr jsou zadarmo, oba tyto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed jevy dok\u00e1zaly srazit ceny elekt\u0159iny i pod nulu. V\u00a0takov\u00e9 situaci se platilo tomu, kdo v\u00fdrobce p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny zbav\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed se tedy karta obr\u00e1tila, cena na sv\u011btov\u00fdch burz\u00e1ch je astronomick\u00e1 a p\u0159es tu burzu se kas\u00edruje i od \u010desk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u011b je to cena za deset let zdr\u017een\u00ed, kdy byly obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje v\u00a0\u010cesku pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nep\u0159\u00edtele. H\u00e1jily se z\u00e1jmy monopolu a podm\u00ednek pro investi\u010dn\u00ed zak\u00e1zku sn\u016f, jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu n\u011bkdy v\u00a0budoucnu. V\u00edte kolik bude st\u00e1t? Nev\u00edte. Nikdo to nev\u00ed. V\u00ed se jen, \u017ee hodn\u011b a \u017ee je dobr\u00e9 st\u00e1t bl\u00edzko u takov\u00e9 Amazonky pen\u011bz.<\/p>\n

Vztah \u010desk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy k\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm se kone\u010dn\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 m\u011bnit. Nervozita u\u017e nepramen\u00ed z\u00a0pohledu na ty, kdo to maj\u00ed, ale na ty, kdo to nemaj\u00ed. Nen\u00ed moc t\u011bch, kdo m\u011bli pen\u00edze a soudnost, a proto u\u017e bydl\u00ed v\u00a0pas\u00edvn\u00edm dom\u011b s\u00a0vlastn\u00edm energetick\u00fdm zdrojem a jezd\u00ed elektrick\u00fdm autem, tak\u017ee se nezaj\u00edmaj\u00ed nejen o ceny elekt\u0159iny a plynu, ale ani o ceny benz\u00ednu. Te\u010f by jist\u011b vl\u00e1da byla r\u00e1da, kdyby takov\u00fdch bylo v\u00edc, proto\u017ee ti, kdo se o ceny energi\u00ed a paliv zaj\u00edmat mus\u00ed, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010det hlavu ke Strakovce a pokou\u0161ej\u00ed se vybavit, kde maj\u00ed ulo\u017eeny vidle, se kter\u00fdmi by se tam mohli vypravit.<\/p>\n

Dalo by se chv\u00edli argumentovat, \u017ee vl\u00e1da za r\u016fst cen nem\u016f\u017ee, to hlavn\u011b covid a v\u00e1lka (kdy\u017e ode\u010dteme \u010cNB, kter\u00e1 v\u00ed v\u0161echno nejl\u00edp, i kdy\u017e dopad\u00e1 nejh\u016f\u0159). V\u0161ichni vid\u00ed, \u017ee se rozpad\u00e1 syst\u00e9m hyperglobalizace, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byly vazby na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 dodavatele, kter\u00e9 te\u010f pandemie a v\u00e1lka zp\u0159etrhaly. Na\u0161e man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed schopnosti nav\u00edc omezilo to, \u017ee n\u00e1m doma nic nepat\u0159\u00ed. Vzdali jsme se i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky a otrocky ji odevzdali do Washingtonu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u010det nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch slabin je v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 seznamem p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak z\u00a0toho ven. Vl\u00e1da m\u016f\u017ee lidem pomoci hlavn\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee bude vytv\u00e1\u0159et podm\u00ednky, aby si lid\u00e9 mohli pomoci sami. Aby se urychlil vznik industrie, kter\u00e1 usnad\u0148uje dru\u017estevn\u00ed a obecn\u00ed v\u00fdstavbu n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed, komunitn\u00ed energetiku a region\u00e1ln\u00ed potravinovou sob\u011bsta\u010dnost. Aby byly dostupn\u00e9 pozemky, pen\u00edze i odborn\u00e1 pomoc, vzorov\u00e9 projekty a podp\u016frn\u00e9 instituce. Finan\u010dn\u00ed podpora mus\u00ed zam\u00ed\u0159it tam, kde n\u011bco vznik\u00e1, nejen na chl\u00e1choliv\u00e9 m\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f spot\u0159eby. \u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jem je te\u010f dole, mezi lidmi, ne naho\u0159e, v\u00a0divok\u00fdch p\u0159eletech p\u0159es oce\u00e1n. Ostatn\u011b, lidi si o to \u0159eknou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u017durnalista, v minulosti dlouholet\u00fd \u0161\u00e9fredaktor \u010dasopisu Ekonom<\/em><\/div>\n
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\u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jem je te\u010f dole, mezi lidmi, ne naho\u0159e, v divok\u00fdch p\u0159eletech p\u0159es oce\u00e1n….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[506,59,683,371,940,99],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9887"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9887"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9887\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9887"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9887"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9887"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}