{"id":98498,"date":"2026-02-03T00:19:40","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T23:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=98498"},"modified":"2026-02-02T11:37:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T10:37:58","slug":"2-unora-1943-skoncila-bitva-ktera-zvratila-prubeh-2-svetove-valky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/03\/2-unora-1943-skoncila-bitva-ktera-zvratila-prubeh-2-svetove-valky\/","title":{"rendered":"2. \u00fanora 1943 skon\u010dila bitva, kter\u00e1 zvr\u00e1tila pr\u016fb\u011bh 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bjinn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je pot\u0159eba si neust\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednat. A bitva o Stalingrad k nim rozhodn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V l\u00e9t\u011b 1942 za\u010dala na p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch\u00a0k Donu a Volze bitva, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem, rozsahem a intenzitou nem\u011bla obdoby. Po 200 dn\u00ed a noc\u00ed drtila Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vybran\u00e9 formace N\u011bmecka a jeho spojenc\u016f. Bitva o Stalingrad, kter\u00e1 zm\u011bnila d\u011bjiny a zvr\u00e1tila pr\u016fb\u011bh druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, trvala od 17. \u010dervence 1942 do 2. \u00fanora 1943 a skon\u010dila \u00fapln\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk. Obrann\u00e1 f\u00e1ze operace trvala do 18. listopadu 1942 a \u00fato\u010dn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze za\u010dala 19. listopadu.<\/p>\n<p>V l\u00e9t\u011b 1942 Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz st\u00e1le bojoval bez \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pomoci sv\u00fdch spojenc\u016f, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f: dod\u00e1vky zbran\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Lend-Lease byly p\u0159eru\u0161eny a byly nedostate\u010dn\u00e9, druh\u00e1 fronta nebyla otev\u0159ena a spojenci d\u00e1vali plan\u00e9 sliby.<\/p>\n<p>Bitva o Moskvu ukon\u010dila n\u011bmeck\u00fd pl\u00e1n bleskov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ale wehrmacht byl st\u00e1le siln\u00fd. Hitler pl\u00e1noval prov\u00e9st v l\u00e9t\u011b 1942 rozs\u00e1hlou ofenz\u00edvu na ji\u017en\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle sov\u011btsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 fronty, dob\u00fdt Stalingrad \u2013 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd a dopravn\u00ed uzel na Volze, obsadit bohat\u00e9 obiln\u00e9 oblasti Kub\u00e1n\u011b a Stavropolu a prob\u00edt se ke kavkazsk\u00e9 rop\u011b.<br \/>\nN\u011bmeck\u00e1 vojska na ji\u017en\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle byla rozd\u011blena na skupinu arm\u00e1d A, kter\u00e1 postupovala p\u0159\u00edmo na Kavkazsk\u00fd h\u0159eben, a skupinu arm\u00e1d B, kter\u00e1 sm\u011b\u0159ovala na Stalingrad. Z\u00e1kladem s\u00edly skupiny \u201eB\u201c byla nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed 6. arm\u00e1da wehrmachtu pod velen\u00edm gener\u00e1la Friedricha Pauluse. Podporovaly ji tankov\u00e9 a motorizovan\u00e9 divize.<br \/>\nNep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd \u00fatok p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u011bsto za\u010dal 17. \u010dervence 1942. Tento den se stal za\u010d\u00e1tkem bitvy o Stalingrad. Ztr\u00e1ta Stalingradu by dostala cel\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo sov\u011btsk\u00fdch sil do kritick\u00e9 situace.<\/p>\n<p>Nep\u0159\u00edtel vrhal na Stalingrad dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly, tak\u017ee po\u010det jeho diviz\u00ed v tomto sm\u011bru vzrostl z 38 na 80. Na m\u011bsto byla z jihu p\u0159evelena 4. tankov\u00e1 skupina. Postupn\u011b se ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed Stalingradu zm\u011bnilo z vedlej\u0161\u00edho na hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl cel\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed wehrmachtu. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 letadla zah\u00e1jila 23. srpna masivn\u00ed n\u00e1let na m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti. V plamenech po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f zahynulo v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 tis\u00edc obyvatel Stalingradu. Ropa se vylila do \u0159eky Volhy a vzpl\u00e1la. To, co se d\u011blo, p\u0159ipom\u00ednalo skute\u010dn\u00e9 peklo.<\/p>\n<p>Rozpoutaly se boje o stalingradsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti. Ani jedna ulice, ani jeden d\u016fm se nevzdal nep\u0159\u00edteli bez boje! Centrem st\u0159et\u016f ve Stalingradu byla v\u00fd\u0161ina Mamajova mohyla, odkud bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat a ost\u0159elovat velkou \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta. Tato v\u00fd\u0161ina n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t p\u0159ech\u00e1zela z rukou do rukou. Mnoh\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 jednotky m\u011bly k b\u0159ehu Volhy pouh\u00fdch 150-200 metr\u016f, ale nedok\u00e1zaly to.<\/p>\n<p>V 7:30 r\u00e1no 19. listopadu 1942 za\u010daly salvy \u201eKa\u0165u\u0161\u00ed\u201c 80 minutovou d\u011blost\u0159eleckou p\u0159\u00edpravu. Byl to za\u010d\u00e1tek sov\u011btsk\u00e9 protiofenz\u00edvy u Stalingradu.<br \/>\nJi\u017e 23. listopadu se kruh sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk kolem 6. arm\u00e1dy Friedricha Pauluse a dal\u0161\u00edch nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch formac\u00ed v oblasti Stalingradu uzav\u0159el. V kotli se nach\u00e1zelo 22 nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch diviz\u00ed, v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hitler zu\u0159il. Na\u0159\u00eddil, aby se Stalingrad za \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed neopou\u0161t\u011bl. Na\u0159\u00eddil poln\u00edmu mar\u0161\u00e1lovi Erichu von Mansteinovi vytvo\u0159it skupinu \u201eDon\u201c a prov\u00e9st operaci k odblokov\u00e1n\u00ed stalingradsk\u00e9ho uskupen\u00ed Friedricha Pauluse. Ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Hitler po\u017eadoval boj do posledn\u00edho voj\u00e1ka. Paulusovi byl dokonce ud\u011blen titul poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la, co\u017e se v tehdej\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dalo pova\u017eovat za jasnou nar\u00e1\u017eku na sebevra\u017edu \u2013 ostatn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l je\u0161t\u011b nebyl zajat. Ale on se vzdal s cel\u00fdm sv\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1bem. Do zajet\u00ed se dostalo 24 gener\u00e1l\u016f, 2,5 tis\u00edce d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a asi 90 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00edch 140 tis\u00edc nep\u0159\u00e1tel bylo pozd\u011bji poh\u0159beno v rozvalin\u00e1ch Stalingradu. Boje ve Stalingradu skon\u010dily 2. \u00fanora 1943.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem bitvy o Stalingrad ztratili N\u011bmci a jejich spojenci (Italov\u00e9, Rumuni, Ma\u010fa\u0159i, Chorvati) p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,5 milionu mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Ztr\u00e1ty Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy \u010dinily 1 129 619 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Slovo \u201eStalingrad\u201c se stalo synonymem pro v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Bitva na Volze inspirovala miliony lid\u00ed v okupovan\u00fdch zem\u00edch k mohutn\u00e9mu odporu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 spojenci SSSR za\u010dali st\u00e1le v\u00edce uva\u017eovat o nutnosti otev\u0159\u00edt druhou frontu v Evrop\u011b, proto\u017ee Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee porazit hitlerovsk\u00e9 N\u011bmecko sama.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.litterate.cz\/2-unora-1943-skoncila-bitva-ktera-zvratila-prubeh-2-svetove-valky\/\">ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bjinn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je pot\u0159eba si neust\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednat. A bitva o Stalingrad k nim rozhodn\u011b&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22361,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[398,1503,4366,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98498"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98498"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98499,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98498\/revisions\/98499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}