{"id":98413,"date":"2026-02-02T00:27:30","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T23:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=98413"},"modified":"2026-02-01T16:56:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T15:56:25","slug":"uprostred-zmatku-nastolene-ticho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/02\/uprostred-zmatku-nastolene-ticho\/","title":{"rendered":"Uprost\u0159ed zmatku, nastolen\u00e9 ticho"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Zat\u00edmco se evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i neust\u00e1le odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nen\u00e1padn\u00e9mu, ale hlubok\u00e9mu posunu ve zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm je politick\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u0159\u00edzeno. Pod rou\u0161kou bezpe\u010dnosti, boje proti dezinformac\u00edm nebo ochrany ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku nyn\u00ed administrativn\u00ed mechanismy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed neutralizovat projev bez soudu, bez sporn\u00e9 debaty a bez soudn\u00ed kontroly. Tento v\u00fdvoj, zdaleka ne okrajov\u00fd, ovliv\u0148uje samotn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro lidov\u00e9 suverenity.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1padn\u00edch liber\u00e1ln\u00edch demokraci\u00edch zauj\u00edm\u00e1 svoboda projevu jedine\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Nen\u00ed to jen z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo mezi ostatn\u00edmi; p\u0159edstavuje to ukazatel identity, osobit\u00fd princip, kter\u00fd se stav\u00ed proti re\u017eim\u016fm ozna\u010dovan\u00fdm za autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, a pil\u00ed\u0159 dom\u00e1c\u00ed i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politick\u00e9 legitimity. Od konce studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky je uplat\u0148ov\u00e1na jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fkaz normativn\u00ed nad\u0159azenosti a nyn\u00ed je integrov\u00e1na do diplomatick\u00e9ho diskurzu, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch hodnot\u00edc\u00edch mechanism\u016f a n\u00e1stroj\u016f politick\u00e9 podm\u00edn\u011bnosti. Dnes tento koncept proch\u00e1z\u00ed tichou rekonfigurac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobena form\u00e1ln\u00edm zru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1v, ale jejich administrativn\u00edm obch\u00e1zen\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed viditeln\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky tohoto posunu se objevily v oblasti dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiky. B\u011bhem krize \u201e\u017dlut\u00fdch vest\u201c v letech 2018\u20132019 vydalo n\u011bkolik prefekt\u016f dekrety zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 formy symbolick\u00e9ho projevu b\u011bhem demonstrac\u00ed: no\u0161en\u00ed masek, kost\u00fdm\u016f nebo figur\u00edn p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edch prezidenta republiky. Trestn\u00fd \u010din ur\u00e1\u017eky hlavy st\u00e1tu byl zru\u0161en v roce 2013.<\/span><\/span>1.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b 28. prosince 2018 byli protestuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1ni za to, \u017ee b\u011bhem demonstrace v Angoul\u00eame st\u011blili podobiznu prezidenta republiky. Prefekt Charente-Maritime<\/span>tyto \u010diny odsoudil jako \u201ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed jak osobu, tak \u00fa\u0159ad prezidenta republiky<\/span><\/em>\u201c<\/span><\/span>2.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e1 prevenc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku, byla n\u011bkdy motivov\u00e1na mnohem politick\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u00favahami. Karikaturn\u00ed nebo satirick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed byla ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1na s v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017ekami, ba dokonce s podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00edm k \u00fatoku na \u017eivot hlavy st\u00e1tu, p\u0159esto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd trestn\u00ed soud neprok\u00e1zal existenci jasn\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu. Administrativa nesoudila; p\u0159edv\u00eddala. Neprokazovala; kategorizovala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00edho pr\u00e1va umo\u017e\u0148uje rychl\u00fd z\u00e1sah s okam\u017eitou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed, zalo\u017een\u00fd na \u0161irok\u00e9 diskre\u010dn\u00ed pravomoci ud\u011blen\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00edmu org\u00e1nu. V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy trestn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vy\u017eaduje vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, kontradiktorn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a existuje riziko zpro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ob\u017ealoby, nab\u00edz\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed cesta v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 moci n\u00e1stroj k preventivn\u00ed neutralizaci politick\u00e9ho projevu. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky jsou nicm\u00e9n\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e9: z\u00e1kazy, kontroly, pokuty, symbolick\u00e1 stigmatizace a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 autocenzura. Svoboda projevu nen\u00ed eliminov\u00e1na; st\u00e1v\u00e1 se nejistou, z\u00e1vislou na p\u0159edchoz\u00edm posouzen\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00edm org\u00e1nem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato logika, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni, na\u0161la p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni v informa\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e. To za\u010dalo hned v prvn\u00edch dnech rusk\u00e9 invaze na Ukrajinu. 27. \u00fanora 2022\u00a0<\/span>Ursula von der Leyenov\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Twitteru ozn\u00e1mila z\u00e1kaz rusk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Sputnik<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Russia<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Today. Tato m\u00e9dia \u201e\u00a0<\/span>ji\u017e nebudou moci vys\u00edlat sv\u00e9 l\u017ei, aby ospravedlnila Putinovu v\u00e1lku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c vysv\u011btlil p\u0159edseda Komise. Rada Evropsk\u00e9 unie se 2. b\u0159ezna 2022 rozhodla zak\u00e1zat vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1l\u016f\u00a0<\/span>Russia Today<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Sputnik<\/span><\/em>\u00a0na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed Unie.<\/span><\/span>3.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Opat\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159ijat\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm v r\u00e1mci spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky, nebylo zalo\u017eeno na sporn\u00e9m posouzen\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho obsahu ani na p\u0159edchoz\u00edm soudn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed. Zam\u011b\u0159ovalo se na m\u00e9dia jako celek, jako struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed vektory propagandy, bez ohledu na trestn\u00ed klasifikaci konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Soudn\u00ed p\u0159ezkum sice prob\u011bhl, ale a\u017e dodate\u010dn\u011b. Tribun\u00e1l Evropsk\u00e9 unie uznal, \u017ee dot\u010den\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje omezen\u00ed svobody projevu, a to p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e p\u0159ezkoumal z\u00e1konnost sankce podle pr\u00e1va EU. Soud se proto nerozhodl o pravdivosti \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho obsahu, ale o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed shod\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00edho opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho Radou.<\/span><\/span>4.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek lze opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b zpochybnit konzistenci sledu rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vedla k tomuto omezen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento precedent p\u0159edstavuje zlomov\u00fd bod. C\u00edlem ji\u017e nen\u00ed trestat neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed projevy, ale neutralizovat kan\u00e1ly vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za politicky nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Toto uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed je v rozporu se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem liber\u00e1ln\u00edch demokraci\u00ed: ochrana svobody projevu zahrnuje i ochranu chybn\u00fdch, \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00edch nebo znepokojiv\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f, pokud nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din shledan\u00fd soudcem. T\u00edm, \u017ee se Evropsk\u00e1 unie zam\u011b\u0159uje na m\u00e9dium sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na obsah, nahrazuje soudn\u00ed p\u0159ezkum fakt\u016f politick\u00fdm posouzen\u00edm rizika.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento trend se d\u00e1le zintenzivnil s p\u0159ijet\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (EU) 2024\/2642 a jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm proveden\u00edm v roce 2025. Dne 15. prosince 2025 Rada Evropsk\u00e9 unie uvalila sankce na n\u011bkolik osob podle rozhodnut\u00ed (EU) 2025\/2572 za jejich \u00fadajn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed do \u201e\u00a0<\/span>destabilizuj\u00edc\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch aktivit<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c p\u0159ipisovan\u00fdch Rusk\u00e9 federaci. Mezi nimi byli i dva z\u00e1padn\u00ed analytici: Jacques Baud, b\u00fdval\u00fd plukovn\u00edk \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, a Xavier Moreau, francouzsko-rusk\u00fd geopolitick\u00fd analytik a zakladatel webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek Stratpol.<\/span><\/span>5.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Ulo\u017een\u00e9 sankce \u2013 zmrazen\u00ed majetku, z\u00e1kaz cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti \u2013 byly ulo\u017eeny bez zah\u00e1jen\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, bez proveden\u00ed kontradiktorn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a bez vynesen\u00ed rozsudku nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm soudem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obvin\u011bn\u00ed se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed tajn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f ani skryt\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e anal\u00fdz, interpretac\u00ed a hypot\u00e9z ve\u0159ejn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fdch ohledn\u011b rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu, kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 nebo vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e9 Rusku. Charakterizace t\u011bchto v\u00fdrok\u016f jako \u201epropagandy\u201c, \u201edezinformac\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201emanipulace s informacemi\u201c se zde op\u00edr\u00e1 o obecn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed diskurzu, bez jak\u00e9hokoli soudn\u00edho prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed jeho \u00famysln\u00e9 nepravdivosti nebo p\u0159ips\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed stran\u011b. Administrativn\u00ed sankce tak zcela nahrazuj\u00ed soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zkou nen\u00ed, zda jsou anal\u00fdzy Jacquese Bauda nebo Xaviera Moreaua p\u0159esn\u00e9, chybn\u00e9 nebo diskutabiln\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m je jin\u00e9 povahy. M\u016f\u017ee demokracie postihovat jednotlivce za jejich politick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory bez jak\u00e9koli sporn\u00e9 debaty, bez ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dohledu nad d\u016fkazy a bez soudn\u00edho procesu? P\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm t\u00e9to hranice Evropsk\u00e1 unie vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed precedens s dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky: administrativn\u00ed neutralizac\u00ed disentn\u00edch hlas\u016f ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 a strategick\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento mechanismus nen\u00ed bez historick\u00e9ho precedentu. Ji\u017e ve 20. stolet\u00ed Serge Tchakhotine zd\u016fraznil mechanismy modern\u00ed propagandy: mobilizaci prvotn\u00edch emoc\u00ed, ozna\u010den\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtele, zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed narativ\u016f a neutralizaci konkuren\u010dn\u00edch diskurz\u016f.<\/span><\/span>6.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Jacques Ellul pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 propaganda se nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b spol\u00e9hat na naprost\u00e9 l\u017ei, ale na selektivn\u00ed manipulaci s pravdou, co\u017e je neslu\u010diteln\u00e9 s existenc\u00ed svobodn\u00e9ho ob\u010dana schopn\u00e9ho kritick\u00e9ho \u00fasudku.<\/span><\/span>7.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve Edward Bernays v\u00fdslovn\u011b vych\u00e1zel z my\u0161lenky, \u017ee modern\u00ed demokracie se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na veden\u00ed mas osv\u00edcenou men\u0161inou, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za \u00fakol formovat souhlas.<\/span><\/span>8.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Politick\u00e1 propaganda 20. stolet\u00ed nevznikla v totalitn\u00edch re\u017eimech, ale objevila se v sam\u00e9m srdci americk\u00e9 demokracie.<\/span><\/p>\n

To, co se dnes d\u011bje v Evrop\u011b, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9to tradice. T\u00edm, \u017ee evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i ozna\u010duj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtele jako existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozbu, dramatizuj\u00ed riziko dezinformac\u00ed a potla\u010duj\u00ed disentn\u00ed hlasy, vl\u00e1dnou skrze strach a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee dodr\u017euj\u00ed demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty. Lid\u00e9 ji\u017e nejsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za politick\u00e9 subjekty schopn\u00e9 rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e za ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed sebou sam\u00fdm, i za cenu, \u017ee budou zbaveni samotn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pro sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed \u00fasudek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hannah Arendtov\u00e1 varovala p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Kdy\u017e je faktick\u00e1 pravda nahrazena ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm narativem, kdy\u017e je pluralita zneva\u017eov\u00e1na ve jm\u00e9nu bezpe\u010dnosti nebo mor\u00e1lky, omyl se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed a schopnost \u00fasudku ch\u0159adne.<\/span><\/span>9.<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Bez t\u00e9to schopnosti v\u0161ak ji\u017e neexistuje lidov\u00e1 suverenita, n\u00fdbr\u017e pouze spravovan\u00e9 populace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka, kterou nastolily evropsk\u00e9 sankce z roku 2025, proto jde daleko za hranice jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se samotn\u00e9 budoucnosti liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie. Demokracie, kter\u00e1 vl\u00e1dne strachem, neutralizuje disent administrativn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky a nahrazuje soudn\u00ed d\u016fkazy politickou kvalifikac\u00ed, si p\u0159ipravuje vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1nik. Odsouzen\u00ed tohoto trendu neznamen\u00e1 ani pop\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch hrozeb, ani obhajobu opozi\u010dn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 to p\u0159ipomenout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u017eadavek: v demokracii mus\u00ed b\u00fdt reakc\u00ed na sporn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky debata, nikoli administrativn\u00ed ostrakizace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se moc prohla\u0161uje za demokratickou, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 trest\u00e1 disent a vl\u00e1dne skrze strach, pak u\u017e nechr\u00e1n\u00ed lid a zbavuje ho jeho suverenity. Uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed demokracie se m\u011bn\u00ed v autorit\u00e1\u0159skou a ideologickou spr\u00e1vu sv\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Plukovn\u00edk (m) Jean-Jacques B\u00e9nomard<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco se evrop\u0161t\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i neust\u00e1le odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nen\u00e1padn\u00e9mu, ale hlubok\u00e9mu posunu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":98414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[63,28,1045,4154],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98413"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98413"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98413\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}