{"id":98374,"date":"2026-02-02T00:12:27","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T23:12:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=98374"},"modified":"2026-02-01T13:25:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T12:25:58","slug":"namesicne-kracime-do-jaderne-katastrofy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/02\/namesicne-kracime-do-jaderne-katastrofy\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b kr\u00e1\u010d\u00edme do jadern\u00e9 katastrofy"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Jak ukazuje Trumpova invaze do Venezuely, p\u0159edn\u00ed smlouva o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed erodovala a hroz\u00ed, \u017ee se stane irelevantn\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V kv\u011btnu sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho roku ve funkci se John F. Kennedy setkal s izraelsk\u00fdm prezidentem Davidem Ben-Gurionem, aby projednali izraelsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program a novou jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu v Dimon\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ohledn\u011b tzv. \u201ejadern\u00e9ho summitu\u201c izraelsk\u00fd historik Tom Segev v knize \u201eSt\u00e1t za ka\u017edou cenu: \u017divot Davida Ben-Guriona\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee Ben-Gurion \u201eod prezidenta na sch\u016fzce mnoho nez\u00edskal, proto\u017ee nikdo nenechal nikoho na pochyb\u00e1ch, \u017ee Izraeli nedovol\u00ed vyvinout jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident Kennedy byl znepokojen vyhl\u00eddkou sv\u011bta, v n\u011bm\u017e st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1t\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, a pova\u017eoval zejm\u00e9na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed Izraelem za problematick\u00e9. Tvrdil, \u017ee pokud se n\u00e1m nepoda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit na\u0161e spojence, aby tyto zbran\u011b nevyv\u00edjeli, existuje mal\u00e1 nad\u011bje na p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed t\u011bch, s nimi\u017e m\u00e1me m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 vztahy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kennedyho strach z \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed se zes\u00edlil po d\u011bsiv\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 krize v \u0159\u00edjnu 1962, kter\u00e9 mu uk\u00e1zaly, jak snadno by lidsk\u00e1 civilizace mohla zaniknout, pokud by byly jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b pou\u017eity ve v\u00e1lce mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem. Sv\u011bt s \u201e15, 20 nebo 25 n\u00e1rody\u201c vlastn\u00edc\u00edmi jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b by se nevyhnuteln\u011b stal st\u00e1le nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, prohl\u00e1sil Kennedy ve sv\u00e9m slavn\u00e9m promo\u010dn\u00edm projevu na Americk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v roce 1963.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato diagn\u00f3za se stala z\u00e1kladn\u00edm od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm Smlouvy o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla vyjedn\u00e1na v letech po Kennedyho smrti, podeps\u00e1na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v roce 1968 a vstoupila v platnost v roce 1970.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kennedy si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee aby si st\u00e1ty nevlastn\u00edc\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b zajistily z\u00e1vazek udr\u017eet si sv\u016fj status, je nutn\u00e9 od jadern\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f n\u011bco po\u017eadovat na opl\u00e1tku: p\u0159\u00edstup k jadern\u00e9 energii pro m\u00edrov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a p\u0159\u00edslib budouc\u00edho odzbrojen\u00ed. Tato my\u0161lenka \u201evelk\u00e9 dohody\u201c se nakonec vyvinula do t\u0159\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f Smlouvy o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u011bt st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 do t\u00e9 doby jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b z\u00edskaly (USA, SSSR, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, Francie a \u010c\u00edna), si mohly sv\u00e9 arzen\u00e1ly ponechat, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se zav\u00e1zaly k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ev dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e\u201c nejen o jadern\u00e9m, ale i o v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m odzbrojen\u00ed. V\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed se mo\u017enosti z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed vzdaly. M\u00edrov\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie m\u011blo b\u00fdt otev\u0159en\u00e9 v\u0161em.<\/span><\/p>\n

Smlouva o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed existuje ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 55 let a z\u00edskala si impozantn\u00ed po\u010det \u010dlen\u016f \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed 191 st\u00e1t\u016f, a\u010dkoli p\u011bt st\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 z nich\u017e \u010dty\u0159i jsou shodou okolnost\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi st\u00e1ty s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi \u2013 je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b mimo smlouvu: Indie, Izrael, Severn\u00ed Korea a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n (stejn\u011b jako Ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n). Izrael vyvinul jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b po Kennedyho smrti; jeho prvn\u00ed jadern\u00e1 zbra\u0148 byla v provozu v roce 1967, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ukon\u010den\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o Smlouv\u011b o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. Indie a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n se staly jadern\u00fdmi mocnostmi v letech 1974 a 1998 a jejich opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se konflikty od t\u00e9 doby ohro\u017euj\u00ed cel\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pouze Severn\u00ed Korea od t\u00e9 doby dos\u00e1hla statusu st\u00e1tu s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi, kdy\u017e v roce 2006 provedla jadern\u00fd test. Severn\u00ed Korea, kter\u00e1 byla stranou Smlouvy o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, od smlouvy v roce 2004 odstoupila pot\u00e9, co se ze svr\u017een\u00ed Sadd\u00e1ma Husajna v roce 2003 pou\u010dila: z\u00edsk\u00e1te jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b nebo budete \u010delit vyhl\u00eddce v\u00e1lky za zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu, pokud se nebudete striktn\u011b dr\u017eet lini\u00ed stanoven\u00fdch USA a jejich spojenci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto sd\u011blen\u00ed se od t\u00e9 doby jen zes\u00edlilo, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b kv\u016fli Libyi a S\u00fdrii. Ale sd\u011blen\u00ed z ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 invaze do Venezuely je je\u0161t\u011b jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ani mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou platnost. My, USA, si d\u011bl\u00e1me, co chceme. Z\u00e1kony jsou pro uf\u0148ukance a slabochy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeden\u00e1ct\u00e1 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed konference Smlouvy o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed se bude konat od 27. dubna do 22. kv\u011btna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku v s\u00eddle Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v New Yorku. Zased\u00e1n\u00ed se kon\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u011bt let a leto\u0161n\u00ed konference slibuje b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kontroverzn\u00ed vzhledem k mnoha konflikt\u016fm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Posledn\u00ed dv\u011b hodnot\u00edc\u00ed konference, v letech 2015 a 2022 (druh\u00e1 byla odlo\u017eena kv\u016fli COVIDu), nep\u0159inesly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd podstatn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd dokument p\u0159ijat\u00fd konsensem.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011bch v \u0159ad\u011b by mohl v\u00e1\u017en\u011b naru\u0161it platnost smlouvy a uvolnit cestu vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho i horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopisech Foreign Affairs<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Foreign Policy<\/span><\/em>\u00a0dokonce povzbudily Japonsko k v\u00fdvoji vlastn\u00edch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed z nich rovn\u011b\u017e doporu\u010dil, aby se k jadern\u00e9mu klubu p\u0159ipojily N\u011bmecko a Kanada, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd do rovnice zahrnul i Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hrozby pro Smlouvu o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed jsou rozmanit\u00e9: od st\u00e1t\u016f a populac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou skepti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di jadern\u00e9 energii \u2013 kter\u00e1 byla kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u201ep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 levnou na to, aby si j\u00ed v\u016fbec v\u0161imli\u201c \u2013 a\u017e po absenci jak\u00e9hokoli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho pokroku v odzbrojen\u00ed ze strany p\u011bti st\u00e1t\u016f s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 jsou smluvn\u00edmi stranami smlouvy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Te\u010f dokonce prob\u00edhaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 z\u00e1vody ve zbrojen\u00ed. A vzkaz v\u0161em st\u00e1t\u016fm bez jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed nebyl v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m okam\u017eiku jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: Bu\u010f jste s n\u00e1mi, nebo byste m\u011bli jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b m\u00edt. Pokud nepat\u0159\u00edte do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto kategori\u00ed, najdeme v\u00e1s, uneseme va\u0161eho v\u016fdce uprost\u0159ed noci a ukradneme v\u00e1m ropu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale my\u0161lenka, \u017ee v\u0161echny zem\u011b mus\u00ed pat\u0159it do jednoho ze dvou t\u00e1bor\u016f a \u017ee v\u0161echny, kter\u00e9 nepodporuj\u00ed americkou agendu, by m\u011bly vlastnit jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b absurdn\u00ed. Sv\u011bt s \u201e15, 20 nebo 25 n\u00e1rody\u201c vlastn\u00edc\u00edmi jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b by vedl k jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a jadern\u00e9mu zni\u010den\u00ed rychleji, ne\u017e si dok\u00e1\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit. P\u0159esto p\u0159esn\u011b tam sm\u011b\u0159ujeme, pokud bude bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed pokra\u010dovat nekontrolovan\u011b a Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f bude i nad\u00e1le marginalizov\u00e1na a zbavov\u00e1na moci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fdm ponau\u010den\u00edm z mnoha desetilet\u00ed trv\u00e1n\u00ed Smlouvy o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed je vskutku to, \u017ee ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee fungovat bez seri\u00f3zn\u00edho odzbrojen\u00ed ze strany st\u00e1t\u016f disponuj\u00edc\u00edch jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi a bez slavnostn\u00edho z\u00e1vazku k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu pr\u00e1vu. Dal\u0161\u00ed oslabov\u00e1n\u00ed Charty OSN, jak se d\u011bje ve Venezuele, situaci jist\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed. Pouze st\u0159\u00edzliv\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b prodlou\u017een\u00ed a op\u011btovn\u00e9ho projedn\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 smlouvy START mezi USA a Ruskem, n\u00e1s mohou zachr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi samotn\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

od Ivany Nikoli\u0107 Hughes a Petera Kuznika<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

_________________<\/span><\/p>\n

Ivana Nikoli\u0107 Hughes<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0je prezidentkou Nadace pro m\u00edr v jadern\u00e9m v\u011bku a profesorkou chemie na Kolumbijsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. Je \u010dlenkou v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poradn\u00ed skupiny Smlouvy OSN o z\u00e1kazu jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Peter Kuznik<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0je profesorem historie a \u0159editelem Institutu pro jadern\u00e1 studia na Americk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b ve Washingtonu, D.C. Je tak\u00e9 autorem \u0159ady knih a spoluautorem (spolu s Oliverem Stonem) knihy \u201eNevy\u0159\u010den\u00e1 historie Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak ukazuje Trumpova invaze do Venezuely, p\u0159edn\u00ed smlouva o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed erodovala a hroz\u00ed,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":81700,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1652,955,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98374"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98374\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81700"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}