{"id":97164,"date":"2026-01-18T00:29:53","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T23:29:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=97164"},"modified":"2026-01-17T18:51:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T17:51:14","slug":"zbynek-fiala-jde-o-zivot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/01\/18\/zbynek-fiala-jde-o-zivot\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Jde o \u017eivot"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy prudce kles\u00e1 porodnost, v\u00fdrazn\u011b nar\u016fst\u00e1 pod\u00edl finan\u010dn\u00edho sektoru a jeho schopnost ods\u00e1vat zdroje z re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ekonomiky. Cht\u011blo by to obr\u00e1tit.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm trendem, se kter\u00fdm si mus\u00ed nov\u00e1 Babi\u0161ova vl\u00e1da poradit, je katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed pokles porodnosti. Roku 2025 p\u0159ibyla nov\u00fdch ob\u010d\u00e1nk\u016f pouh\u00e1 t\u0159etina (okolo 77 tis\u00edc) toho, co bylo na vrcholu popula\u010dn\u00edho cyklu v 70. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kdy se rodilo dv\u011b st\u011b tis\u00edc \u201eHus\u00e1kov\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c ro\u010dn\u011b. Pokud tento pokles porodnosti nedok\u00e1\u017eeme zvr\u00e1tit, a to se je\u0161t\u011b propojuje s\u00a0prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bku, nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee bude hodn\u011b star\u00fdch d\u016fchodc\u016f a m\u00e1lo mlad\u00fdch pracuj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/ekonomika-tak-prudky-propad-porodnosti-v-cesku-nikdo-neocekaval-rika-demograf-40558042<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak z\u00a0toho ven? Obrat dne\u0161n\u00ed d\u016fchodce a nechat je d\u011blat po okraj hrobu, jak vytrvale rad\u00ed fialov\u00e1 skvadra? A kolik toho ti rozt\u0159esen\u00ed nebo\u017e\u00e1ci pod\u011blaj\u00ed? Z\u00edskat mlad\u00e9 pro intenz\u00edvn\u00ed penzijn\u00ed spo\u0159en\u00ed? A co si pak za ty pen\u00edze v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed ochabl\u00e9 ekonomice koup\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Ve stejn\u00fd den, kdy Novinky publikovaly rozhovor s\u00a0ot\u0159esen\u00fdm demografem, \u010cT p\u0159inesla radostnou zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee hypot\u00e9\u010dn\u00ed trh loni p\u0159inesl skoro nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objem za posledn\u00edch 30 let. Nov\u00e9 \u00fav\u011bry stouply o dv\u011b p\u011btiny. Radost z\u00a0toho maj\u00ed hlavn\u011b hypot\u00e9\u010dn\u00ed banky.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/ct24.ceskatelevize.cz\/clanek\/ekonomika\/banky-poskytly-loni-hypoteky-za-406-miliard-korun-druhy-nejvetsi-objem-za-30-let-369301<\/a><\/p>\n

Dom\u00e1cnost, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 100 tis\u00edc m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, a\u0165 na to zapomene, proto\u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hypot\u00e9ka na byt za 5 milion\u016f korun p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed spl\u00e1tku 25 tis\u00edc korun. Sto tis\u00edc m\u00e1 rodina, kde d\u011blaj\u00ed dva n\u011bjakou mana\u017eerskou nebo tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, nej\u010dast\u011bji n\u011bkde v\u00a0bance. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee i tam, kde na to maj\u00ed, \u017eena mus\u00ed d\u00e1vat p\u0159ednost kari\u00e9\u0159e a d\u011bti odkl\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n

\u00dahrnn\u00e1 plodnost klesla z\u00a0hodnoty 1,83\u00a0d\u00edt\u011bte na \u017eenu v\u00a0roce 2021\u00a0na 1,37\u00a0v\u00a0roce 2024, informuje p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 demografick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Lud\u011bk \u0160\u00eddlo. D\u011bs\u00ed jak to \u010d\u00edslo, tak prudkost poklesu v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech. Najednou jsme zapomn\u011bli, \u017ee spole\u010dnost netvo\u0159\u00ed jen hesla a k\u0161efty, ale taky lidi.<\/p>\n

Dostupn\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed, novoman\u017eelsk\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky, vysok\u00e9 porodn\u00e9, velkorys\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddavky, mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly zdarma, to v\u0161echno byly prvky rodinn\u00e9 politiky, kter\u00e9 v\u00a070. letech p\u0159inesly sv\u00e9 plody. I kdyby to bylo jen jedno z\u00a0m\u00e1la sv\u011btl\u00fdch m\u00edst toho temn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed mezi ciz\u00edmi tanky, zabralo a p\u0159ineslo plody. Tedy d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee dneska se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e zisky. A reakce na hor\u0161\u00edc\u00ed se popula\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla je v\u017edycky stejn\u00e1 –\u00a0\u00a0stra\u0161en\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edm krachem penzijn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a v\u00fdzvy ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed penz\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch d\u016fchodc\u016f ve prosp\u011bch t\u011bch p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch. \u017div\u00ed se t\u00edm ti, kdo vid\u00ed jedin\u00fd smysl ekonomiky nikoliv v\u00a0uspokojov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch pot\u0159eb lid\u00ed, ale v\u00a0hromad\u011bn\u00ed pen\u011bz.<\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed vliv tohoto \u0159emesla je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0plod\u016f neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluce. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rokem 1980 byl pod\u00edl bankovn\u00edch a finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb v\u010detn\u011b obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0realitami celkem p\u0159ijateln\u00fd, potom v\u0161ak za\u010dal nehor\u00e1zn\u011b r\u016fst a odv\u00e1d\u011bt bohatstv\u00ed z\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9 ekonomiky sm\u011brem k\u00a0neproduktivn\u00edmu finan\u010dn\u00edmu sektoru a jeho prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ke skupin\u011b nejbohat\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rok 1980 je rokem n\u00e1stupu vl\u00e1dy britsk\u00e9 premi\u00e9rky Margarety Thatcherov\u00e9 a americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Ronalda Reagana, kte\u0159\u00ed se stali patrony neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed smr\u0161ti drancuj\u00edc\u00ed to, co slou\u017eilo v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b. Proto od t\u00e9 doby stagnovaly re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mzdy a vznikla kategorie \u201epracuj\u00edc\u00ed chudoby\u201c, zat\u00edmco divok\u00fd r\u016fst nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch bohatstv\u00ed rozev\u00edral n\u016f\u017eky soci\u00e1ln\u00edch nerovnost\u00ed. A\u017e do absurdity, kdy p\u00e1r nejbohat\u0161\u00edch rodin m\u00e1 v\u00edc ne\u017e chud\u0161\u00ed polovina sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Tady \u010derp\u00e1m z\u00a0\u201enov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9mu klubu<\/em>\u201c, kterou pod n\u00e1zvem\u00a0A Finer Future<\/em>\u00a0vydala skupina autor\u016f veden\u00e1 Hunter Lovinsovou (Lovins, L. Hunter; Wallis, Stewart; Wijkman, Anders; Fullerton, John. A Finer Future: Creating an Economy in Service to Life<\/strong>\u00a0. New Society Publishers, 2018<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Lovinsovou zn\u00e1me tak\u00e9 z\u00a0p\u0159elomov\u00e9 knihy P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kapitalismus (Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a02000<\/em>), kde byla spoluautorkou Paula Hawkena (vy\u0161lo i \u010desky v\u00a0Mlad\u00e9 front\u011b, 2003).<\/p>\n

Finan\u010dn\u00ed sektor (popisovan\u00fd jako FIRE \u2014 finance, poji\u0161\u0165ovnictv\u00ed a nemovitosti) tvo\u0159il v 50. letech n\u011bco pod 3 procenta HDP USA, ale roku 2006 u\u017e to bylo v\u00edce ne\u017e 8 procent. Divoce rostla i hodnota finan\u010dn\u00edch aktiv, kter\u00e1 byla roku 1980 na \u00farovni p\u011btin\u00e1sobku HDP, ale roku 2007 u\u017e to byl desetin\u00e1sobek. \u0160est velk\u00fdch bank dr\u017eelo aktiva odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed 65 procent\u016fm HDP USA.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esun bohatstv\u00ed z\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9 produkce do spekulativn\u00edch aktivit byl patrn\u00fd v\u0161ude. Je\u0161t\u011b roku 1980 vyd\u011bl\u00e1vali lid\u00e9 v bankovn\u00edm sektoru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9 v jin\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, ale roku 2006 podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch statistik u\u017e vyd\u011bl\u00e1vali o 70 procent v\u00edce (a m\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee tato \u010d\u00edsla jsou podhodnocena).<\/p>\n

\u010casem se pokou\u0161ela ukousnout z\u00a0tohoto kol\u00e1\u010de tak\u00e9 \u0159ada nefinan\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Profesor Gautam Mukunda z Harvardu popisuje, jak finan\u010dn\u00ed jednotky, kter\u00e9 vznikaly uvnit\u0159 nefinan\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, nakonec pat\u0159ily k\u00a0tomu nejv\u00fdnosn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu, co matka m\u011bla. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let za\u010dal majetek t\u011bchto jednotek prudce r\u016fst a roku 2000 byl stejn\u011b velk\u00fd nebo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hmotn\u00e1 aktiva.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad automobilka Ford vyd\u011blala na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed v\u00edce pen\u011bz poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fav\u011br\u016f ne\u017e prodejem automobil\u016f. Firemn\u00ed poskytovatel finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb GE Capital vygeneroval polovinu zisk\u016f cel\u00e9ho elektrotechnick\u00e9ho konglomer\u00e1tu General Electric.<\/p>\n

Vynucenou zm\u011bnu chov\u00e1n\u00ed popisuje americk\u00fd levicov\u00fd ekonom Michael Hudson:<\/p>\n

\u201eSpole\u010dnosti nemohou investovat do nov\u00e9ho fyzick\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed nebo budov, proto\u017ee jsou povinny pou\u017e\u00edt sv\u00e9 provozn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy na vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed sv\u00fdch bank\u00e9\u0159\u016f, dr\u017eitel\u016f dluhopis\u016f i dr\u017eitel\u016f junk-bond\u016f. Ekonomika se zfinancializovala. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem u\u017e nen\u00ed tvorba hmatateln\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu ani zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b.<\/em><\/p>\n

Existuje proto, aby generovala \u00faroky, finan\u010dn\u00ed poplatky z \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed f\u00faz\u00ed a akvizic a kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 zisky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipadaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm insider\u016fm veden\u00fdm vrcholov\u00fdm managementem a velk\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi institucemi. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd cyklus byl zast\u00edn\u011bn n\u00e1r\u016fstem dluhu.<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto toho, aby pr\u00e1ce v\u00edce vyd\u011bl\u00e1vala, hodinov\u00e9 mzdy v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch klesaly. A dal\u0161\u00ed pokles \u010dist\u00e9ho disponibiln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu nastal po zaplacen\u00ed dan\u00ed a sr\u00e1\u017ece „nucen\u00fdch \u00faspor“ na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f do penzijn\u00edch fond\u016f a \u2014 co je nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2014 spl\u00e1cen\u00ed dluh\u016f na kreditn\u00edch kart\u00e1ch. Pak tu m\u00e1te bankovn\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dky, hypot\u00e9ky, studentsk\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky, p\u016fj\u010dky na auto, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nemovitosti, \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, soukrom\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed platby do sektoru FIRE…. To ods\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fddaje od zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/michael-hudson.com\/2003\/08\/tech-bubble-who-benefited\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Pokles porodnosti si proto zaslou\u017e\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9, nejen finan\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nenechat si diktovat od bankovn\u00edch analytik\u016f. Zam\u011b\u0159it se na takov\u00e9 takov\u00e9 finance, kter\u00e9 jdou naproti, jako byla st\u00e1tn\u00ed podpora bytov\u00e9ho dru\u017estevnictv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rodiny. T\u011bch lep\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je ve sv\u011bt\u011b plno. Ty hor\u0161\u00ed maj\u00ed mocenskou p\u0159evahu, ale lze je krotit dan\u00ed z\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edch zisk\u016f, progres\u00edvn\u00edm zdan\u011bn\u00edm nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, zdan\u011bn\u00edm velk\u00fdch majetk\u016f. Jak\u00e9pak v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e jde o \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy prudce kles\u00e1 porodnost, v\u00fdrazn\u011b nar\u016fst\u00e1 pod\u00edl finan\u010dn\u00edho sektoru a jeho schopnost…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":76274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,245,2145,2728],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97164"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97164"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97164\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}