{"id":97160,"date":"2026-01-18T00:27:37","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T23:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=97160"},"modified":"2026-01-17T18:45:35","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T17:45:35","slug":"ptaci-chripka-u-dojnic-ve-wisconsinu-nahoda-nebo-unik-z-laboratore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/01\/18\/ptaci-chripka-u-dojnic-ve-wisconsinu-nahoda-nebo-unik-z-laboratore\/","title":{"rendered":"Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka u dojnic ve Wisconsinu: N\u00e1hoda, nebo \u00fanik z laborato\u0159e?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Je to jen n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka n\u00e1hle propukla u st\u00e1da dojnic p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 65 kilometr\u016f od biologick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum ch\u0159ipkov\u00fdch vir\u016f s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat funkci? Ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 jist\u011b vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 s ohledem na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00faniky informac\u00ed z laborato\u0159\u00ed v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka by se teoreticky nem\u011bla tak snadno \u0161\u00ed\u0159it na jin\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 bytosti. Proto\u017ee se opakovan\u011b objevuj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o naka\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at a dokonce i lid\u00ed virem H5N1. Alespo\u0148 podle prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch (ji\u017e tak sporn\u00fdch) PCR test\u016f. Tak tomu bylo i v americk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Wisconsin. Tam, jen asi 65 kilometr\u016f od vysoce zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 laborato\u0159e University of Wisconsin-Madison, zpr\u00e1vy nazna\u010dovaly vypuknut\u00ed pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky\u00a0<\/span>u st\u00e1da dojnic<\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato biolaborato\u0159 experimentuje s vysoce nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi viry ch\u0159ipky ji\u017e po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, jak podrobn\u011b informuje \u201e\u00a0<\/span>The Defender<\/span><\/a> \u201c. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b je toto ohnisko popisov\u00e1no jako \u201ep\u0159irozen\u00e9 p\u0159el\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 p\u0159enos voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi pt\u00e1ky. Neofici\u00e1ln\u011b v\u0161ak zvon\u00ed varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Ti sam\u00ed v\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed virus sekvenovali, pracuj\u00ed ji\u017e l\u00e9ta na v\u00fdzkumu zes\u00edlen\u00ed funkce viru H5N1 \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdvoje vakc\u00edny pro dobytek. Je to jen n\u00e1hoda?<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 ministerstvo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed rutinn\u011b prohl\u00e1silo vypuknut\u00ed n\u00e1kazy v okrese Dodge za prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad vysoce patogenn\u00ed pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky u dojnic ve Wisconsinu. Za genetickou identifikaci byli zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed Keith Poulsen a Yoshihiro Kawaoka z University of Wisconsin-Madison. Podle den\u00edku \u201eThe Defender\u201c jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b tato jm\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 se opakovan\u011b objevuj\u00ed v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed debat\u011b o riskantn\u00ed manipulaci s viry. Kawaoka vede V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav ch\u0159ipky, instituci s dlouhou histori\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, politick\u00e9 ochrany a \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed od vl\u00e1dn\u00edch agentur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je zde identifikovan\u00fd typ viru: H5N1, subtyp 2.3.4.4b, genotyp D1.1. Podle v\u011bdeck\u00e9 literatury m\u00e1 tato varianta vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u0159enosnost \u2013 a to i na \u010dlov\u011bka. Imunolog Karl Jablonowski z organizace Children’s Health Defense poukazuje na to, \u017ee n\u00e1rodn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze za posledn\u00edch dvan\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nezaznamenaly jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad D1.1 u savce pobl\u00ed\u017e Wisconsinu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se zde \u00fadajn\u011b n\u00e1hle objevil izolovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159enesen\u00ed viru. APHIS prohla\u0161uje tento p\u0159\u00edpad za \u201enesouvisej\u00edc\u00ed\u201c s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi ud\u00e1lostmi D1.1 v Arizon\u011b a Nevad\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkolik v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b publikac\u00ed v\u00a0<\/span>Nature<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Journal of Infectious Diseases<\/span><\/a> , popisuje kmen D1.1 jako l\u00e9pe adaptovan\u00fd na lidsk\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00ed bu\u0148ky ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed varianty. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 ml\u010den\u00ed odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch osob. Proto\u017ee znalosti o mutac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u010din\u00ed D1.1 nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, pramen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z v\u00fdzkumu zes\u00edlen\u00ed funkce, kter\u00fd je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b neust\u00e1le bagatelizov\u00e1n. Italsk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka Roberta Villa tuto problematiku stru\u010dn\u011b shrnula ji\u017e v roce 2024: Problematick\u00e9 mutace lze identifikovat tak p\u0159esn\u011b pouze proto, \u017ee viry byly v laborato\u0159i z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b modifikov\u00e1ny, aby se otestovala jejich p\u0159enosnost a virulence. Bez t\u011bchto experiment\u016f by tyto poznatky neexistovaly \u2013 a mo\u017en\u00e1 by neexistovaly ani n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto variant.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historie laborato\u0159e Kawaoka je v\u0161\u00edm, jen ne uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed. Od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed se tamn\u00ed v\u011bdci zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed c\u00edlenou modifikac\u00ed vir\u016f pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky. V roce 2012 vyvolala studie o p\u0159enosnosti viru H5N1 u fretek celosv\u011btov\u00fd poplach;\u00a0<\/span>New York Times<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ji nazval \u201eum\u011ble vytvo\u0159enou apokalypsou\u201c. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech se incidenty st\u00e1valy st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi: poran\u011bn\u00ed jehlami s manipulovan\u00fdmi viry, rozlit\u00e9 vzorky a opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm. V roce 2019 byl v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vystaven n\u00e1kaze b\u011bhem experimentu, ale incident byl NIH a univerzit\u011b nahl\u00e1\u0161en a\u017e o n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f pozd\u011bji. Mezi lety 2012 a 2014 univerzita nahl\u00e1sila celkem dev\u011bt dal\u0161\u00edch incident\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z politick\u00e9ho hlediska to v\u0161echno nem\u011blo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. A\u010dkoli americk\u00fd Kongres v roce 2023 vy\u0161et\u0159oval nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na zes\u00edlen\u00ed funkc\u00ed na univerzit\u011b a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci z Wisconsinu se pokusili tyto experimenty zastavit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm legislativy, univerzita proti tomuto n\u00e1vrhu\u00a0<\/span>\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b lobovala<\/span><\/a> . Argumentovali, \u017ee v\u00fdzkum mus\u00ed z\u016fstat svobodn\u00fd. Bez dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak riziko \u00fanik\u016f informac\u00ed z laborato\u0159\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakonec z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Jak je skute\u010dn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by se vysoce specifick\u00fd, z\u0159\u00eddka zdokumentovan\u00fd typ viru n\u00e1hodn\u011b objevil v bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti laborato\u0159e, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159esn\u011b na takov\u00fdch virech po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed zab\u00fdv\u00e1?<\/span><\/p>\n

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Je to jen n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipka n\u00e1hle propukla u st\u00e1da dojnic p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 65 kilometr\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":97161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[10420,1503,1361,2206,579],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97160"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97160\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/97161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}