{"id":96310,"date":"2026-01-08T00:14:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T23:14:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=96310"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:35:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:35:54","slug":"venezuela-a-kolaps-mezinarodniho-prava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/01\/08\/venezuela-a-kolaps-mezinarodniho-prava\/","title":{"rendered":"Venezuela a kolaps mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Anal\u00fdza profesora Jeffreyho Sachse<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m rozhovoru se soudcem Andrewem Napolitanem v podcastu\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Judging Freedom<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0z 5. ledna 2026 ost\u0159e kritizoval renomovan\u00fd ekonom a poradce OSN profesor Jeffrey Sachs ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 intervence USA ve Venezuele. Sachs, kter\u00fd se pr\u00e1v\u011b vr\u00e1til ze sly\u0161en\u00ed Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN, odsoudil kroky USA za prezidenta Donalda Trumpa jako do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, \u00dastavy USA a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch mor\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Rozhovor zd\u016fraz\u0148uje rostouc\u00ed trend v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice USA, kter\u00e1 je st\u00e1le v\u00edce vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako bezpr\u00e1vn\u00e1 a hegemonick\u00e1. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek shrnuje a analyzuje obsah rozhovoru na z\u00e1klad\u011b Sachsov\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Prof. Jeffrey Sachs: Venezuela a kolaps mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cz57XUSlBv0?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kontext americk\u00e9 intervence ve Venezuele<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Profesor Jeffrey Sachs za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vystoupen\u00ed jasn\u00fdm odsouzen\u00edm americk\u00fdch akc\u00ed ve Venezuele, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duje za \u201ehrub\u00e9, bezohledn\u00e9 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed\u201c mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Podle Sachse americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pod veden\u00edm prezidenta Trumpa rozpoutala v\u00e1lku proti Venezuele bez jak\u00e9hokoli pr\u00e1vn\u00edho z\u00e1kladu. To zahrnuje vojensk\u00e9 hrozby, blok\u00e1dy a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b tajn\u00e9 operace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed kontroly nad zem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sachs zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee takov\u00e9 \u010diny nejen poru\u0161uj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy, ale tak\u00e9 podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem Sachsovy argumentace je \u00dastava USA. Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku I, odd\u00edlu 8 \u00dastavy m\u00e1 pravomoc vyhl\u00e1sit v\u00e1lku v\u00fdhradn\u011b Kongres. Trump v\u0161ak tento z\u00e1sah na\u0159\u00eddil osobn\u00edm dekretem, bez konzultace s Kongresem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sachsov\u00e1 to p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 k monarchistick\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm minulosti, v nich\u017e i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 podl\u00e9hali v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrole a dohledu ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00fd americk\u00fd prezident. \u201eU\u017e ne\u017eijeme v \u00fastavn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu,\u201c prohla\u0161uje Sachsov\u00e1 a poukazuje na to, \u017ee Kongres byl fakticky zbaven sv\u00e9 moci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V posledn\u00edch letech USA bombardovaly sedm zem\u00ed \u2013 mimo jin\u00e9 i bez souhlasu Kongresu nebo mand\u00e1tu OSN.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a Charty OSN<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sachs podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, jak kroky USA poru\u0161uj\u00ed Chartu OSN, kterou USA ratifikovaly v \u010dervenci 1945 a kter\u00e1 je proto sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je \u010dl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 4, proto\u017ee zakazuje jak\u00e9koli pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly nebo dokonce hrozbu silou, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uje \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost nebo suver\u00e9nn\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost jin\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eP\u0159esn\u011b to ud\u011blaly USA,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sachs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Toto poru\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00e9, ale je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho vzorce: V posledn\u00edch dnech Trump p\u0159\u00edmo pohrozil n\u00e1sil\u00edm \u0161esti nebo sedmi zem\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b Venezuely, \u00cdr\u00e1nu, Nig\u00e9rie, Mexika, D\u00e1nska (ve sporu o Gr\u00f3nsko), Kolumbie a Kuby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Profesor zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee USA jsou po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako \u201edareb\u00e1ck\u00fd st\u00e1t\u201c, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 brut\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edlu k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hegemonie a ekonomick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod. Tento n\u00e1zor je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad Izrael, kter\u00fd Sachs tak\u00e9 klasifikuje jako daremn\u00fd st\u00e1t \u2013 tleskaj\u00ed politice USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Izrael a USA jsou \u201espout\u00e1ni dohromady\u201c ve sv\u00e9m ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Jin\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, zejm\u00e9na v Evrop\u011b, jsou vazalsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty uml\u010den\u00fdmi americk\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladnami a politick\u00fdm vlivem. V\u011bt\u0161ina sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace v\u0161ak vn\u00edm\u00e1 USA jako bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed, bez ohledu na to, zda to ve\u0159ejn\u011b d\u00e1vaj\u00ed najevo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Motivy intervence: ropa a ekonomick\u00e9 obohacen\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm aspektem Sachsovy anal\u00fdzy je ekonomick\u00e1 motivace americk\u00e9 intervence. Trump chce z\u00edskat kontrolu nad obrovsk\u00fdmi venezuelsk\u00fdmi ropn\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm blok\u00e1d, v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eek a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch tajn\u00fdch akc\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b atent\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 se americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da sna\u017e\u00ed donutit Venezuelu, aby postoupila sv\u00e9 zdroje americk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem, jako jsou ExxonMobil a Chevron.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spole\u010dnost Sachs uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee akcie spole\u010dnosti Chevron po ozn\u00e1men\u00edch prudce vzrostly, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, kter\u00e9 jsou v s\u00e1zce. Prozat\u00edmn\u00ed venezuelsk\u00fd prezident zd\u016fraznil: \u201eNejsme koloni\u00ed jin\u00e9 zem\u011b.\u201c Trumpova r\u00e9torika v\u0161ak Venezuelu p\u0159esn\u011b tak prezentuje \u2013 jako kolonii, kterou si maj\u00ed USA podmanit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sachs varuje, \u017ee takov\u00e9 operace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zm\u011bnu re\u017eim\u016f jsou z\u0159\u00eddka \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. USA v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 historii svrhly \u0159adu vl\u00e1d \u2013 od Vietnamu p\u0159es Srbsko (1999) a\u017e \u200b\u200bpo Ir\u00e1k (2003) \u2013 ale v\u00fdsledkem byl obvykle trval\u00fd chaos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eKolik toho USA dok\u00e1\u017eou ukr\u00e1st Venezuele? To se teprve uvid\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sachs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ambice nastolit loutkovou vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016fm USA, obvykle selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je n\u00e1sil\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 a destruktivn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Historick\u00fd a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kontext<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sachs zasazuje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho historick\u00e9ho kontextu. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo v praxi ji\u017e d\u00e1vno neexistuje, zejm\u00e9na pro velk\u00e9 mocnosti. Slou\u017e\u00ed pouze k tomu, aby dr\u017eelo men\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b na uzd\u011b, zat\u00edmco \u201evelk\u00e9\u201c mocnosti \u2013 jako USA \u2013 ho ignoruj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159edchoz\u00ed prezidenti alespo\u0148 nab\u00edzeli z\u00e1minky, jako je obrana demokracie, lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nebo boj s terorismem. Trump je v\u0161ak brut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edmo\u010da\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed, bez jak\u00fdchkoli z\u00e1bran. To znamen\u00e1 n\u00e1vrat k imperialismu a z\u00e1kon\u016fm d\u017eungle, jak sv\u011btov\u00e9 d\u011bjiny opakovan\u011b uk\u00e1zaly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">&#8222;\u010c\u00edm v\u00edc se v\u011bci m\u011bn\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edc z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9.&#8220;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Profesor tak\u00e9 kritizuje dom\u00e1c\u00ed politiku USA. Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, zda jsou u moci republik\u00e1ni nebo demokrat\u00e9 \u2013 \u00dastava byla po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed ignorov\u00e1na. Kdy\u017e jeden \u010dlen Kongresu zm\u00ednil \u00fastavnost t\u011bchto \u010din\u016f, Trump se mu pouze vysm\u00e1l, jako by si st\u011b\u017eoval. To sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o hlubok\u00e9m opovr\u017een\u00ed demokratick\u00fdmi institucemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdhled a p\u0159ita\u017elivost<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1v\u011brem Sachsov\u00e1 apeluje na pot\u0159ebu br\u00e1nit svobodu a spravedlnost, jak zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u00favodn\u00ed cit\u00e1t podcastu: \u201eSvoboda je k\u0159ehk\u00e1 a od vyhynut\u00ed ji d\u011bl\u00ed v\u017edycky jen generace.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed, aby zakro\u010dilo proti t\u00e9to americk\u00e9 \u201em\u00e1nii\u201c, a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee p\u00e1d \u201e\u0159\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1sil\u00ed a arogance\u201c je nevyhnuteln\u00fd \u2013 ot\u00e1zkou je pouze to, kolik \u0161kody to p\u0159edt\u00edm zp\u016fsob\u00ed. Sachsov\u00e1 vyjad\u0159uje pochybnosti o Trumpov\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu ve Venezuele, ale varuje p\u0159ed eskalac\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tento rozhovor zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nal\u00e9havou pot\u0159ebu pos\u00edlit mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed instituce, jako je OSN, a podrobit zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku USA d\u016fkladn\u00e9 revizi. Profesor Sachs, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za glob\u00e1ln\u00edho myslitele a humanistu, nal\u00e9h\u00e1 na zm\u011bnu kurzu, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo kolapsu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V dob\u011b, kdy se hrozby nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 proti v\u00edce n\u00e1rod\u016fm st\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho hlas vol\u00e1n\u00edm po rozumu a mor\u00e1lce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anal\u00fdza profesora Jeffreyho Sachse V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m rozhovoru se soudcem Andrewem Napolitanem v podcastu\u00a0Judging Freedom\u00a0z 5&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":96311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1068,1475,181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96310"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96310"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96310\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}