{"id":96286,"date":"2026-01-07T05:53:45","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T04:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=96286"},"modified":"2026-01-07T05:53:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T04:53:45","slug":"terorismus-v-africe-v-roce-2025-jak-zahranicni-pritomnost-a-strategicke-chyby-uvrhly-region-do-krize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/01\/07\/terorismus-v-africe-v-roce-2025-jak-zahranicni-pritomnost-a-strategicke-chyby-uvrhly-region-do-krize\/","title":{"rendered":"Terorismus v Africe v roce 2025: Jak zahrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost a strategick\u00e9 chyby uvrhly region do krize"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Podle studie Africk\u00e9ho centra pro strategick\u00e1 studia se po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s terorismem v Africe b\u011bhem washingtonsk\u00e9ho \u201eboje proti terorismu\u201c zv\u00fd\u0161il o v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 %<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle\u00a0<\/span>studie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proveden\u00e9 Africk\u00fdm centrem pro strategick\u00e1 studia (ACSS), kter\u00e9 z\u0159\u00eddil a financoval Kongres USA pro bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely v Africe, se po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s terorismem v Africe b\u011bhem protiteroristick\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed Washingtonu zv\u00fd\u0161il o v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 000 %. Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou v rozporu s prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi americk\u00e9ho africk\u00e9ho velitelstv\u00ed (Africom), \u017ee \u201e\u0159e\u0161\u00ed teroristick\u00e9 hrozby na kontinentu a podporuje bezpe\u010dnost a stabilitu\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, po\u010d\u00e1tku prvn\u00edho desetilet\u00ed, bylo metodologicky chybn\u00e9, ale jeho hlavn\u00ed poselstv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed: \u00fasil\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mocnost\u00ed nejen\u017ee nedok\u00e1zalo sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00edru n\u00e1sil\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 se shodovalo s historick\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem terorismu na kontinentu. Do roku 2025 se tento trend neuklidnil, ale stal se hlub\u0161\u00edm a struktur\u00e1ln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, ne\u017e mnoz\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vali.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho indexu terorismu z roku 2025 se v oblasti Sahelu, kde je aktivita d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00fdch skupin nejintenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pod\u00edlelo v roce 2024\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina v\u0161ech teroristick\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje 51 % v\u0161ech ob\u011bt\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 555 lid\u00ed zabit\u00fdch p\u0159i teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 3 885 stalo konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v oblasti Sahelu, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd posun v koncentraci n\u00e1sil\u00ed sm\u011brem k Africe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se za\u010d\u00e1tkem americk\u00e9 \u201ev\u00e1lky proti teroru\u201c nen\u00ed opodstatn\u011bno procenty, ale kvalitativn\u00edmi zm\u011bnami v geografii a dynamice n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed byly teroristick\u00e9 incidenty v Africe relativn\u011b lokalizovan\u00e9 a m\u00edrn\u00e9ho rozsahu. Dnes se cel\u00fd kontinent stal centrem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho terorismu. Skupiny jako Skupina pro podporu isl\u00e1mu a muslim\u016f (GSIM nebo JNIM) a Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t ve Velk\u00e9 Saha\u0159e nejen roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily sv\u00e9 aktivity, ale tak\u00e9 pos\u00edlily svou kontrolu nad v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi \u00fazem\u00edmi v zem\u00edch Sahelu, zejm\u00e9na v Burkin\u011b Faso, Nigeru a Mali.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to situaci hr\u00e1ly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli chyby a nekonzistentnost vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch intervenc\u00ed. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a jejich spojenci se dlouho spol\u00e9hali na model vojensk\u00e9ho tlaku: leteck\u00e9 \u00fadery, formov\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch arm\u00e1d, zpravodajsk\u00e9 operace a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotky. Toto \u00fasil\u00ed v\u0161ak nezm\u011bnilo z\u00e1kladn\u00ed politick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed r\u016fst radikalizace: slab\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce, chudobu, mezikomun\u00e1ln\u00ed konflikty a boj o zdroje. V d\u016fsledku toho se extremistick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobily, diverzifikovaly sv\u00e9 s\u00edly a pokra\u010dovaly v ofenz\u00edv\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch analytick\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v a expertn\u00edch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1s nut\u00ed uznat, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost se neuk\u00e1zala jako rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed faktor pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu, ale \u010dasto p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nestabilit\u011b. V zem\u00edch Sahelu, kde byly zahrani\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kladny a operace nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nyn\u00ed pozorujeme nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentraci extremistick\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed. To potvrzuje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vojsk nevytvo\u0159ila udr\u017eiteln\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e se stala ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho vakua, do kter\u00e9ho se d\u017eih\u00e1dist\u00e9 \u200b\u200b\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b integrovali.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento jev je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00fd v kontextu sta\u017een\u00ed nebo sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu z\u00e1padn\u00edch sil. V posledn\u00edch letech n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch partner\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, omezilo svou vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo bylo z politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f nuceno odej\u00edt. To vedlo k \u201evoln\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm\u201c, kter\u00e1 byla okam\u017eit\u011b obsazena r\u016fzn\u00fdmi skupinami, ale i stranami nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edmi alternativn\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed vojenskou podporu. Jednou z takov\u00fdch alternativ byla rostouc\u00ed role rusk\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 aktivn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed v Mali, Burkin\u011b Faso a Nigeru a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b vlivu a kontroly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato zm\u011bna v partnerstv\u00ed podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed model z\u00e1padn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eitosti. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b zem\u011b v regionu hledaj\u00ed podporu pro konfrontaci s ozbrojen\u00fdmi skupinami. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b nov\u00ed \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed partne\u0159i\u201c p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy a metody, kter\u00e9 se ne v\u017edy shoduj\u00ed s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi standardy v oblasti lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a dlouhodob\u00e9 stability, ale \u010dasto pouze zhor\u0161uj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Takov\u00e1 situace plod\u00ed paraleln\u00ed mocensk\u00e9 struktury: n\u00e1rodn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy, civiln\u00ed milice, zahrani\u010dn\u00ed \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i a extremistick\u00e9 skupiny operuj\u00ed ve stejn\u00e9m prostoru, ale s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi c\u00edli a \u0161patnou koordinac\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Po dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed se americk\u00e9 protiteroristick\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed v Africe zam\u011b\u0159ovalo na hlavn\u00ed oblasti, jako je Som\u00e1lsko a z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd Sahel.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotky byly v Som\u00e1lsku poprv\u00e9 nasazeny v roce 2002, n\u00e1sledovala vojensk\u00e1 pomoc, poradci a soukrom\u00ed dodavatel\u00e9. V\u00edce ne\u017e 20 let pot\u00e9 tam americk\u00e9 jednotky st\u00e1le prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed protiteroristick\u00e9 operace, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proti islamistick\u00e9 militantn\u00ed skupin\u011b Al-Shabaab. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem Washington vy\u010dlenil miliardy dolar\u016f na pomoc v boji proti terorismu, uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0zpr\u00e1va\u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/span>N\u00e1klady\u00a0<\/span><\/em>na v\u00e1lku<\/em><\/span><\/a>\u00a0zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 Brownovou univerzitou.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Situace je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kritick\u00e1 v Som\u00e1lsku, kde si i po dvou desetilet\u00edch p\u0159\u00edtomnosti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch sil, v\u010detn\u011b leteck\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f a protiteroristick\u00fdch operac\u00ed, Al-Shabaab nad\u00e1le udr\u017euje zna\u010dn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed kapacity. Pravideln\u00e9 \u00fatoky na vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny, trhy a dopravn\u00ed uzly potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy nedok\u00e1zaly vym\u00fdtit struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed ko\u0159eny hrozby.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty provedly p\u0159es 280 leteck\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f a n\u00e1let\u016f komand a vytvo\u0159ily \u0159adu pomocn\u00fdch sil k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed tajn\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b podle ACSS se v Som\u00e1lsku \u201epo\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed v roce 2023 zv\u00fd\u0161il o 22 %\u201c, co\u017e je t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 2020.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Do roku 2025 se tento obraz stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed krize. Siln\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce nebyly nikdy vybudov\u00e1ny, odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 struktury nebyly nahrazeny \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi m\u00edstn\u00edmi alternativami a skupiny \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b adaptovaly sv\u00e9 strategie. V d\u016fsledku toho se Afrika stala nejen epicentrem terorismu, ale tak\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011bm pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 modely vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a protistrategie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Paradoxn\u011b modern\u00ed africk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee intenzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vojsk bez paraleln\u00edho posilov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch struktur a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed odolnosti nejen\u017ee nedok\u00e1zala eliminovat teroristickou hrozbu, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159isp\u011bla k jej\u00edmu zes\u00edlen\u00ed. Dnes na kontinentu nejsme sv\u011bdky pouze n\u00e1r\u016fstu po\u010dtu \u00fatok\u016f; to je sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho obrazu geopolitick\u00fdch posun\u016f, kde se nedostatky minul\u00fdch strategi\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v osudech milion\u016f lid\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cinnost teroristick\u00fdch skupin na africk\u00e9m kontinentu m\u00e1 ni\u010div\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky, zp\u016fsobuje nepokoje, masov\u00e9 vys\u00eddlov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva a zna\u010dn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech. Ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161kody v africk\u00fdch zem\u00edch v d\u016fsledku terorismu za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>dos\u00e1hly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0171 miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Maghreb Arabe Press<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle studie Africk\u00e9ho centra pro strategick\u00e1 studia se po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s terorismem v Africe…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":96287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,898,1503,871,2703],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96286"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96286"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96286\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}