{"id":96084,"date":"2026-01-04T05:48:54","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T04:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=96084"},"modified":"2026-01-04T17:20:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T16:20:26","slug":"navrat-ke-starym-zvyklostem-madurovo-zajeti-nasleduje-po-dlouhe-rade-americkych-intervenci-v-latinske-americe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/01\/04\/navrat-ke-starym-zvyklostem-madurovo-zajeti-nasleduje-po-dlouhe-rade-americkych-intervenci-v-latinske-americe\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1vrat ke star\u00fdm zvyklostem: Madurovo zajet\u00ed n\u00e1sleduje po dlouh\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b americk\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<h3>Washington jen ve 20. stolet\u00ed zorganizoval v regionu des\u00edtky zm\u011bn re\u017eim\u016f, a to i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch invaz\u00ed.<\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Americk\u00e1 operace s c\u00edlem zajmout venezuelsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Nicol\u00e1se Madura se stala nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kapitolou dlouh\u00e9 s\u00e1gy intervenc\u00ed a zm\u011bn re\u017eim\u016f, kter\u00e9 Washington v uplynul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed zinscenoval po cel\u00e9 Latinsk\u00e9 Americe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Podle Monroeovy doktr\u00edny z 19. stolet\u00ed USA v podstat\u011b prohl\u00e1sily z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli za americk\u00fd \u201edvorek\u201c. V r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to politiky se USA jen ve 20. stolet\u00ed pod\u00edlely na des\u00edtk\u00e1ch p\u0159evrat\u016f a pokus\u016f o svr\u017een\u00ed vl\u00e1d, v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 intervence a okupace, kter\u00e9 dos\u00e1hly sv\u00e9ho vrcholu b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V sobotu p\u0159edseda Sboru n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk\u016f \u0161t\u00e1b\u016f ozbrojen\u00fdch sil USA, gener\u00e1l Dan Caine, na tiskov\u00e9 konferenci uvedl, \u017ee operace na dopaden\u00ed Madura byla\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201epe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1nov\u00e1na a vych\u00e1zela z ponau\u010den\u00ed z desetilet\u00ed mis\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Podle gener\u00e1la\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eexistuje v\u017edycky \u0161ance, \u017ee budeme muset tento typ mise prov\u00e9st znovu\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">M\u00e9dia se ohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed za n\u011bkter\u00fdmi z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpady vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed USA, kter\u00e9 formovaly d\u011bjiny Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Kdy\u017e se zm\u011bna re\u017eimu poda\u0159ila\u2026<\/span><\/h2>\n<aside class=\"listicle\">\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Guatemala, 1954<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V \u010dervnu 1954 byl zvolen\u00fd guatemalsk\u00fd prezident Jacobo \u00c1rbenz sesazen skupinou \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016f vycvi\u010den\u00fdch a financovan\u00fdch Washingtonem. D\u016fvodem operace CIA a prvn\u00ed zm\u011bny re\u017eimu v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe podporovan\u00e9 USA v dob\u011b studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byla pozemkov\u00e1 reforma, kter\u00e1 ohro\u017eovala z\u00e1jmy americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti United Fruit Corporation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">CIA uznala svou roli v p\u0159evratu a odtajnila relevantn\u00ed dokumenty a\u017e v roce 2000, \u010d\u00edm\u017e odhalila to, co se stalo \u0161ablonou pro budouc\u00ed intervence USA: strategie zahrnovala psychologick\u00e9 operace, tlak na elity a zmanipulovan\u00e9 politick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nad r\u00e1mec samotn\u00e9ho p\u0159evratu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"listicle\">\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika, 1965<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">O deset let pozd\u011bji se Washington uch\u00fdlil k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 intervenci, aby krizi v karibsk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b nasm\u011broval po\u017eadovan\u00fdm sm\u011brem. S odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ekomunistickou hrozbu\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0vyslaly USA svou arm\u00e1du do Santo Dominga, aby zas\u00e1hla proti stoupenc\u016fm Juana Bosche \u2013 prvn\u00edho demokraticky zvolen\u00e9ho prezidenta Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e9ho svrhla vojensk\u00e1 junta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">USA v r\u00e1mci operace Power Pack vyslaly na ostrov p\u0159es 20 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f na podporu sil bojuj\u00edc\u00edch proti Boschovi. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 volby v roce 1966, kter\u00e9 byly poznamen\u00e1ny obvin\u011bn\u00edmi z podvod\u016f, p\u0159ivedly k moci kandid\u00e1ta podporovan\u00e9ho USA. Americk\u00e1 okupace vedla v Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republice ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed repres\u00ed a zas\u00e9vala ned\u016fv\u011bru k washingtonsk\u00e9mu intervencionismu v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"listicle\">\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Chile, 1973<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">O necel\u00fdch deset let pozd\u011bji byl v Chile v r\u00e1mci p\u0159evratu podporovan\u00e9ho USA sesazen dal\u0161\u00ed zvolen\u00fd prezident \u2013 \u200b\u200bSalvador Allende, kter\u00fd se stal v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe nej\u010dast\u011bji citovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem washingtonsk\u00e9 ne\u00facty k demokratick\u00fdm procedur\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed jeho z\u00e1jm\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159evratu p\u0159edch\u00e1zely roky tajn\u00fdch operac\u00ed CIA a protikomunistick\u00e9 propagandy od poloviny 60. let, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b zabr\u00e1nit Allendemu v tom, aby se stal prezidentem. Po sv\u00e9m zvolen\u00ed v roce 1970 Washington utratil t\u0159i roky a dal\u0161\u00edch 8 milion\u016f dolar\u016f za tajn\u00e9 akce a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il kontakty s chilskou arm\u00e1dou a militantn\u00ed opozic\u00ed podporuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159evrat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zm\u011bna re\u017eimu v roce 1973 podporovan\u00e1 USA vedla k 17let\u00e9 diktatu\u0159e Augusta Pinocheta. B\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed byly z politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f uv\u011bzn\u011bny des\u00edtky tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mnoz\u00ed z nich byli mu\u010deni.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">&#8230; a kdy\u017e selhaly pokusy o p\u0159evrat<\/span><\/h2>\n<aside class=\"listicle\">\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Kuba, 1961<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V dubnu 1961 se na ji\u017en\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed karibsk\u00e9ho ostrova vylodily kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 exilov\u00e9 s\u00edly siln\u011b podporovan\u00e9 USA, aby svrhly vl\u00e1du Fidela Castra. S\u00e1m Castro se k moci dostal v roce 1959 v d\u016fsledku levicov\u00e9 revoluce proti dikt\u00e1torovi Fulgenciovi Batistovi, kter\u00e9ho podporoval USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Invaze v Z\u00e1toce svin\u00ed skon\u010dila katastrofou, proto\u017ee cel\u00e1 1500\u010dlenn\u00e1 s\u00edla byla pora\u017eena b\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch dvou dn\u016f kub\u00e1nskou arm\u00e1dou vedenou samotn\u00fdm Castrem. Kuba se tak p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila k Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu a p\u0159ipravila p\u016fdu pro kub\u00e1nskou raketovou krizi v roce 1962. Ne\u00fasp\u011bch tak\u00e9 otev\u0159el cestu pro americkou operaci Mongoose, kampa\u0148 \u00fatok\u016f na civiln\u00ed objekty na Kub\u011b a tajn\u00fdch akc\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na podkop\u00e1n\u00ed Castrovy vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"listicle\">\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Nikaragua, 1979<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Washington se tak\u00e9 sna\u017eil zm\u011bnit v\u00fdsledek dal\u0161\u00ed revoluce v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe, kter\u00e1 v roce 1979 svrhla dikt\u00e1tora Anastasia Somozu podporovan\u00e9ho USA a p\u0159ivedla k moci marxistu Daniela Ortegu v Nikaragui. Americk\u00fd prezident Ronald Reagan tajn\u011b pov\u011b\u0159il CIA poskytnut\u00edm 20 milion\u016f dolar\u016f pomoci militant\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se stav\u011bli proti Ortegovi, zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako Contras. Tento pl\u00e1n byl \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b financov\u00e1n prodejem zbran\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu, co\u017e bylo v rozporu s americk\u00fdm embargem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pl\u00e1n vedl ke skand\u00e1lu \u00cdr\u00e1n-Contras v USA v roce 1986 a uvrhl Nikaraguu do desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e1 si vy\u017e\u00e1dala 50 000 \u017eivot\u016f. C\u00edle se mu v\u0161ak nepoda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout, proto\u017ee Ortega si udr\u017eel moc. A\u010dkoli v roce 1996 prohr\u00e1l znovuzvolen\u00ed, Ortega se o deset let pozd\u011bji vr\u00e1til k moci a prezidentem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Washington jen ve 20. stolet\u00ed zorganizoval v regionu des\u00edtky zm\u011bn re\u017eim\u016f, a to i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":96085,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[738,398,2417,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96084"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96084"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96084\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}