{"id":95969,"date":"2026-01-03T00:25:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T23:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=95969"},"modified":"2026-01-02T11:54:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T10:54:51","slug":"jiri-jaros-nickelli-vlastenectvi-kontra-rasismus-fasismus-nacismus-a-sovinismus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/01\/03\/jiri-jaros-nickelli-vlastenectvi-kontra-rasismus-fasismus-nacismus-a-sovinismus\/","title":{"rendered":"Ji\u0159\u00ed Jaro\u0161 Nickelli: Vlastenectv\u00ed kontra rasismus, fa\u0161ismus, nacismus a \u0161ovinismus"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Rozli\u0161ovat vlastenectv\u00ed\u00a0 na\u00a0 jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a \u0161ovinismus (kryt\u00fd dnes rovn\u011b\u017e nespr\u00e1vn\u011b pojmem \u201enacionalismus\u201c, zneu\u017eit\u00fd v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch nap\u0159\u00edklad Banderou, Paveli\u010dem, Francem, Salazarem, Pinochetem a jin\u00fdmi) je velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee nerozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pojm\u016f vede ke katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edm l\u017eiv\u00fdm v\u00fdklad\u016fm n\u00e1rod\u016f a jejich d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n

Dnes se pojem \u201e\u0161ovinismus\u201c zcela vytratil z\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fdch analytik\u016f. Jednak je to z\u00a0nev\u011bdomosti, jednak ze z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fdch, \u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, jak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

\u0160ovinismus nazvan\u00fd tak podle jeho francouzsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, podle Chauvignyho, znamenal ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b,\u00a0 a znamen\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e i nyn\u00ed,\u00a0 p\u0159ekroucen\u00e9 pojet\u00ed nad\u0159azenosti vlastn\u00edho n\u00e1roda nad jin\u00fdmi a opovr\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rody jin\u00fdmi. De facto se jednalo ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b o projev ur\u010dit\u00e9 formy rasismu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160ovinismus rozvinuli fa\u0161ist\u00e9 (V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b na n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edm principu) a nacist\u00e9 (v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b na rasov\u00e9m principu).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lze tedy zjednodu\u0161en\u011b napsat rovnici<\/p>\n

\u0160ovinismus=\u00a0 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed forma fa\u0161ismus=zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed forma nacismus=odr\u016fdy soci\u00e1ln\u00edho nebo antropologick\u00e9ho rasismu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oproti tomu vlastenectv\u00ed neboli patriotismus tyto vlastnosti opovr\u017een\u00ed jin\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody (rasami) z\u00e1sadn\u011b nem\u00e1 a ani m\u00edt nem\u016f\u017ee. Vyr\u016fst\u00e1 toti\u017e\u00a0 z\u00a0jin\u00fdch princip\u016f, ne\u017e \u0161ovinismy. Principy vlastenectv\u00ed, patriotismu jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm humanismus a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed tolerance. Principy vlastenectv\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159il nap\u0159\u00edklad u N\u011bmc\u016f Herder, u Slovan\u016f Koll\u00e1r, u Anglosas\u016f Byron, atd. U n\u00e1s v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti principy vlastenectv\u00ed nov\u011b nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bji vyj\u00e1d\u0159il spisovatel n\u00e1rodopisec Vlastimil Vondru\u0161ka nebo na\u0161e nov\u00e1 Bo\u017eena N\u011bmcov\u00e1, pan\u00ed Lenka Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1, nebo v\u011bdkyn\u011b prof. Ku\u010derov\u00e1\u00a0 a\u00a0 dr. Neudorflov\u00e1 a\u00a0 dal\u0161\u00ed. Obecn\u00fdm principem vlastenectv\u00ed je tedy l\u00e1ska k\u00a0vlastn\u00edmu n\u00e1rodu a internacionalismus k\u00a0jin\u00fdm n\u00e1rod\u016fm.<\/p>\n

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Opakem je \u0161ovinismus, fa\u0161ismus, nacismus, jeho\u017e principem je nikoli pouze netolerance, ale p\u0159\u00edmo nen\u00e1vist k\u00a0jin\u00fdm, nen\u00e1vist plod\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje holocaustu a genocidy.<\/p>\n

Naopak \u0161ovinismus, fa\u0161ismus, nacismus vyrostly z\u00a0absolutn\u011b jin\u00fdch princip\u016f. T\u011bmito principy byly a je\u0161t\u011b jsou kastovnictv\u00ed, rasismus a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed intolerance (zakr\u00fdvan\u00e1 odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f star\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a\u00a0 n\u00e1siln\u00fdm p\u0159inucen\u00edm n\u00e1rod\u016f k\u00a0takzvan\u00fdm pracovn\u00edm front\u00e1m). Tak tomu bylo u Mussoliniho s\u00a0jeho \u201et\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm sm\u00edrem\u201c na ob\u0159\u00ed kovadlin\u011b v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b Fiat p\u0159ed desetit\u00eds\u00edci d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f nahnan\u00fdch fa\u0161isty, nebo u Hitlera s\u00a0jeho DAF \u2013 Deutsche Arbeitsfront, N\u011bmeckou pracovn\u00ed frontou, vzniklou\u00a0 zni\u010den\u00edm odbor\u016f a uloupen\u00edm jejich majetku. Ostatn\u011b i Hitlerova SA arm\u00e1da\u00a0 Sturmabteilung, vznikla na stejn\u00e9m principu \u2013 a proto pozd\u011bji museli b\u00fdt v\u016fdcov\u00e9 zavra\u017ed\u011bni, SA paralyzov\u00e1na a jej\u00ed funkci p\u0159evzaly Allgemeine SS.\u00a0 Klasick\u00fdm modelem DAF byla \u201eKraft durch Freude\u201c s\u00a0 \u201eparn\u00edkov\u00fdmi rekreacemi \u2013 \u00fa\u010dastnil se jich i n\u00e1\u0161 zlo\u010dinec sudet K. H. Frank \u2013 nebo\u00a0 \u201eWinterhilfe\u201c zimn\u00ed pomoc pro Wehrmacht povinn\u00fdmi sb\u00edrkami cel\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, nebo\u00a0projekt \u201eLebensborn\u201c, kdy n\u011bmeck\u00e9 rasov\u011b \u010dist\u00e9 \u017eeny m\u011bly rodit voj\u00e1ky pro hitlerovce.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee jestli\u017ee dnes se nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0 mluv\u00ed o \u201eBanderov\u011b nacionalismu\u201c je to de facto hovor o \u0161ovinismu kolaboruj\u00edc\u00edm s\u00a0nacismem na sto procent. Ov\u0161em pr\u00e1v\u011b tento fakt dne\u0161n\u00ed m\u00e9dia selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed, p\u0159ekrucuj\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b, nelze-li jinak \u2013 zaml\u010duj\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako se dnes pojem kastovnictv\u00ed p\u0159ikr\u00fdv\u00e1 pojmem elit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u2013 elity. Souvis\u00ed to s\u00a0resuscitac\u00ed, k\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm, on\u011bch t\u0159\u00edd spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 po I. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byly ur\u010dit\u00fdmi revolucemi\u00a0 potla\u010deny nebo vy\u0159azeny ze spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota –\u00a0 a nyn\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sil\u00edm vraceny do ur\u010dit\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch pospolitost\u00ed ( zejm\u00e9na c\u00edrkev \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 a jist\u00e9 kruhy \u0161lechty). Proto je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 ch\u00e1pan\u00ed d\u011bjinn\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat pojmy a term\u00edny jako je vlastenectv\u00ed\u00a0 kontra \u0161ovinismus, korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed fa\u0161ismus, \u201enacionalismus\u201c, a nacismus -rasismus.<\/strong><\/p>\n

PhDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Jaro\u0161 Nickelli<\/a>
\n<\/strong>Spole\u010dnost L. Svobody Brno<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozli\u0161ovat vlastenectv\u00ed\u00a0 na\u00a0 jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a \u0161ovinismus (kryt\u00fd dnes rovn\u011b\u017e nespr\u00e1vn\u011b pojmem \u201enacionalismus\u201c, zneu\u017eit\u00fd v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19165,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[5368,1503,470,10347,77],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95969"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95969"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95970,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95969\/revisions\/95970"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}