{"id":9565,"date":"2022-04-12T02:01:08","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T00:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=9565"},"modified":"2022-04-11T18:12:47","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T16:12:47","slug":"evropa-buduje-obrovsky-mezinarodni-system-rozpoznavani-obliceju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/04\/12\/evropa-buduje-obrovsky-mezinarodni-system-rozpoznavani-obliceju\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropa buduje obrovsk\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci navrhuj\u00ed, aby policejn\u00ed org\u00e1ny v EU propojily sv\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze fotografi\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed miliony sn\u00edmk\u016f obli\u010dej\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e 15 let mohou policejn\u00ed org\u00e1ny p\u00e1traj\u00edc\u00ed po zlo\u010dinc\u00edch v Evrop\u011b vz\u00e1jemn\u011b sd\u00edlet otisky prst\u016f, \u00fadaje o DNA a informace o majitel\u00edch vozidel.\u00a0Pokud maj\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci ve Francii podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee se hledan\u00e1 osoba nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, mohou po\u017e\u00e1dat \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady, aby porovnaly otisky prst\u016f s jejich datab\u00e1z\u00ed.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed chce evropsk\u00fd z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce do tohoto syst\u00e9mu zahrnout miliony fotografi\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f \u2013 a umo\u017enit tak rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f v neb\u00fdval\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f v Evrop\u011b je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f na \u201emodernizaci\u201c policejn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na cel\u00e9m kontinentu a spad\u00e1 pod n\u00e1vrhy na sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat Pr\u00fcm II.\u00a0Podrobnosti byly poprv\u00e9 odhaleny v prosinci, ale kritika ze strany evropsk\u00fdch regul\u00e1tor\u016f dat zes\u00edlila v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech pot\u00e9, co se stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm pln\u00fd dopad pl\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTo, co vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edte, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed biometrick\u00e1 sledovac\u00ed infrastruktura, jakou jsme kdy na sv\u011bt\u011b vid\u011bli,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ella Jakubowska, politick\u00e1 poradkyn\u011b organizace pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va European Digital Rights (EDRi).\u00a0Dokumenty z\u00edskan\u00e9 EDRi v r\u00e1mci svobody informac\u00ed a zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00e9 WIRED odhaluj\u00ed, jak jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b prosazovaly, aby rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje bylo zahrnuto do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dohody o policejn\u00edm dohledu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed verzi Pr\u00fcmu podepsalo sedm evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed \u2013 Belgie, N\u011bmecko, \u0160pan\u011blsko, Francie, Lucembursko, Nizozemsko a Rakousko \u2013 v roce 2005 a umo\u017e\u0148uje zem\u00edm vym\u011b\u0148ovat si data pro boj s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm zlo\u010dinem.\u00a0Od zaveden\u00ed Pr\u00fcmu se p\u0159ijet\u00ed ve 27 evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161ilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00fcm II po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze vym\u011b\u0148ovat, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u010detn\u011b fotografi\u00ed a informac\u00ed o \u0159idi\u010dsk\u00fdch pr\u016fkazech.\u00a0V n\u00e1vrz\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 komise se tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee policie bude m\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u201eautomatizovan\u00fd\u201c p\u0159\u00edstup k vym\u011b\u0148ovan\u00fdm informac\u00edm.\u00a0Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee policie v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b m\u016f\u017ee \u00fazce spolupracovat a \u017ee evropsk\u00fd policejn\u00ed org\u00e1n Europol bude m\u00edt \u201esiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahrnut\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f obli\u010deje a mo\u017enost porovnat algoritmy rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje s t\u011bmito sn\u00edmky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 zm\u011bny v identifikaci osob podle Pr\u00fcm II a vykolejen\u00ed \u017eivot\u016f.\u00a0Des\u00edtky m\u011bst po cel\u00fdch USA za\u0161ly tak daleko, \u017ee zak\u00e1zaly policii pou\u017e\u00edvat tuto technologii.\u00a0EU v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b diskutuje o z\u00e1kazu policejn\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00fcm II v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje.\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou porovn\u00e1vat statick\u00e9 sn\u00edmky z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch kamer, fotografie ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed nebo fotografie na mobiln\u00edm telefonu ob\u011bti se z\u00e1b\u011bry z hrnk\u016f v policejn\u00ed datab\u00e1zi.\u00a0Tato technologie se li\u0161\u00ed od \u017eiv\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto p\u0159ipojeny ke kamer\u00e1m ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch;\u00a0tito byli nejv\u00edce kritizov\u00e1ni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy umo\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1rodu porovnat fotografii s datab\u00e1zemi jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed a zjistit, zda existuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 shody, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikne jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f v\u016fbec.\u00a0Dokument, kter\u00fd vid\u011bla EDRi, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010det potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch shod by se mohl pohybovat od 10 do 100 tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e toto \u010d\u00edslo teprve ur\u010d\u00ed politici.\u00a0Mluv\u010d\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk zkontroluje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed shody a rozhodne, zda je n\u011bkter\u00e1 z nich spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, ne\u017e podnikne jak\u00e9koli dal\u0161\u00ed kroky.\u00a0„Ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je k dispozici sn\u00edmek obli\u010deje podez\u0159el\u00e9ho,“ uvedl v dokumentech francouzsk\u00fd ministr vnitra.\u00a0tvrdilo<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokumenty Pr\u00fcm II z dubna 2021, kdy byly pl\u00e1ny poprv\u00e9 projedn\u00e1ny, ukazuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed fotografi\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f, kter\u00e9 zem\u011b uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed.\u00a0Ma\u010farsko m\u00e1 podle dokument\u016f 30 milion\u016f fotografi\u00ed, It\u00e1lie 17 milion\u016f, Francie 6 milion\u016f a N\u011bmecko 5,5 milionu.\u00a0Tyto obr\u00e1zky mohou zahrnovat podez\u0159el\u00e9, odsouzen\u00e9 zlo\u010dince, \u017eadatele o azyl a \u201eneidentifikovan\u00e9 mrtvoly\u201c a poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v ka\u017ed\u00e9 zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jakubowska \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zat\u00edmco kritika syst\u00e9m\u016f rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f se v\u011bt\u0161inou soust\u0159edila na syst\u00e9my v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, problematick\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 identifikuj\u00ed osoby pozd\u011bji.\u00a0\u201eN\u011bkdy, kdy\u017e pou\u017eijete rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje na z\u00e1b\u011bry nebo obr\u00e1zky po faktu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161koda je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eete pod\u00edvat na demonstraci p\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety nebo vid\u011bt, koho jsem potkal p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety, proto\u017ee jsem politik. jeden nyn\u00ed soupe\u0159,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.\u00a0„Vym\u011b\u0148ovat lze pouze sn\u00edmky obli\u010dej\u016f podez\u0159el\u00fdch nebo odsouzen\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 mluv\u010d\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise s odkazem na n\u00e1vod, jak bude syst\u00e9m fungovat.\u00a0„Nebude existovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 shoda zobrazen\u00ed obli\u010deje s b\u011b\u017enou populac\u00ed.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu by se sn\u00edmky tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bly slu\u010dovat do obrovsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed datab\u00e1ze, ale policejn\u00ed slo\u017eky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt propojeny p\u0159es \u201ecentr\u00e1ln\u00ed router\u201c.\u00a0Podle mluv\u010d\u00edho Evropsk\u00e9 komise nebude tento router ukl\u00e1dat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 data, ale bude fungovat pouze jako \u201ezprost\u0159edkovatel zpr\u00e1v\u201c mezi n\u00e1rody.\u00a0D\u00edky tomuto decentralizovan\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu je Pr\u00fcm II m\u00e9n\u011b komplikovan\u00fd: policie, kter\u00e1 chce porovn\u00e1vat otisky prst\u016f v r\u00e1mci sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, se mus\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u011b spojit s jin\u00fdmi policejn\u00edmi odd\u011blen\u00edmi.\u00a0S novou infrastrukturou pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zem\u011b pouze jedno p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k centr\u00e1ln\u00edmu routeru a podle dokument\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch EDRi bude snaz\u0161\u00ed \u201ep\u0159id\u00e1vat do syst\u00e9mu dal\u0161\u00ed kategorie dat\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00fd inspektor ochrany \u00fadaj\u016f (EDPS), kter\u00fd dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f org\u00e1ny EU podle obecn\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kritizoval pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Pr\u00fcm, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee trvat n\u011bkolik let.\u00a0\u201eAutomatick\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f obli\u010deje se neomezuje na z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, ale mohlo by b\u00fdt pou\u017eito k prevenci, odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed a vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00e9koli trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, v\u010detn\u011b drobn\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti,\u201c uvedl po\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna Wojciech Wiewi\u00f3rowski, EIO\u00da.\u00a0Wiewi\u00f3rowski uvedl, \u017ee n\u00e1vrhy by m\u011bly obsahovat v\u00edce z\u00e1ruk, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna ochrana pr\u00e1v lid\u00ed na soukrom\u00ed.\u00a0\u0158ekl to mluv\u010d\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f bylo Slovinsko jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch zem\u00ed prosazuj\u00edc\u00edch expanzi \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b po\u017eadavku na zahrnut\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o \u0159idi\u010dsk\u00fdch pr\u016fkazech lid\u00ed.\u00a0Domen Savi\u010d, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel slovinsk\u00e9 skupiny pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va Dr\u017eavljan D, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee existuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 obavy z rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi policejn\u00edmi datab\u00e1zemi a z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdmi jednotlivci.\u00a0Nesly\u0161el jsem tolik, abych se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil, \u017ee v\u0161echna data shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 ka\u017edou policejn\u00ed agenturou \u010dist\u00ed stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Savi\u010d.<\/span>
\nNejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n

Policejn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze jsou \u010dasto \u0161patn\u011b sestaven\u00e9.\u00a0V \u010dervenci 2021 policie v Nizozemsku smazala 218 000 fotografi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 omylem za\u0159adila do sv\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f.\u00a0Ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed bylo v \u00fanoru 2021 z \u201edatab\u00e1ze gang\u016f\u201c odstran\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc mlad\u00fdch \u010dernoch\u016f.\u00a0\u201eMohli byste m\u00edt datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 pozad\u00ed, jak se tato data sb\u00edrala, odkud poch\u00e1zela, jak byla sd\u00edlena a kdo co schvaloval,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Savi\u010d.\u00a0S podobn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my se ji\u017e pot\u00fdkalo Slovinsko.\u00a0„A to by mohlo v\u00e9st k chybn\u00e9 identifikaci.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f Jakubowsk\u00e9 je, jak by Pr\u00fcm II mohl normalizovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010dej\u016f policejn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.\u00a0„To, co n\u00e1s opravdu znepokojuje, je, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry by tento n\u00e1vrh Pr\u00fcm II mohl podn\u00edtit z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f obli\u010deje a aplikaci algoritm\u016f na tyto datab\u00e1ze pro rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.\u00a0Podle n\u00e1vrhu bude EU hradit n\u00e1klady na p\u0159ipojen\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed k Pr\u00fcm II, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch datab\u00e1z\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f obli\u010deje.\u00a0\u0160edes\u00e1t let po jeho vyn\u00e1lezu je rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje st\u00e1le v plenk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ: EVROPA BUDUJE OBROVSK\u00dd MEZIN\u00c1RODN\u00cd SYST\u00c9M ROZPOZN\u00c1V\u00c1N\u00cd OBLI\u010cEJE<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci navrhuj\u00ed, aby policejn\u00ed org\u00e1ny v EU propojily sv\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze fotografi\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed miliony sn\u00edmk\u016f obli\u010dej\u016f….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5644,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[283,940,2160,780,48],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9565"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9565\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}