{"id":95552,"date":"2025-12-29T00:14:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T23:14:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=95552"},"modified":"2025-12-27T18:25:38","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T17:25:38","slug":"vzduch-ktery-dychate-aneb-jak-vasnive-diskutovat-o-tematu-ktery-nikdo-nemeri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/29\/vzduch-ktery-dychate-aneb-jak-vasnive-diskutovat-o-tematu-ktery-nikdo-nemeri\/","title":{"rendered":"Vzduch, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1te\u2026 aneb jak v\u00e1\u0161niv\u011b diskutovat o t\u00e9matu, kter\u00fd nikdo nem\u011b\u0159\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Debata o klimatu se stala v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnou, nal\u00e9havou, mor\u00e1ln\u00ed\u2026 ale kupodivu jen z\u0159\u00eddka kvantifikovatelnou. O CO\u2082 se mluv\u00ed, ani\u017e by se kdy zm\u00ednila jeho skute\u010dn\u00e1 koncentrace ve vzduchu, o v\u011bd\u011b se diskutuje bez \u0159\u00e1dov\u00fdch hodnot a k uzav\u0159en\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky se uplat\u0148uje konsenzus. Tento text navrhuje jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup: d\u00fdchat, po\u010d\u00edtat a d\u00edvat se na \u010d\u00edsla, ne\u017e se k narativ\u016fm p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit. Ne pop\u00edrat, ale ch\u00e1pat. Galileo, Wegener, deskov\u00e1 tektonika, teorie kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edho driftu\u2026 v\u0161ichni byli v men\u0161in\u011b tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 masivn\u00edmu konsensu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed je jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakon, ale \u201e\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c o vzduchu, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me, je zjevn\u011b mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b. P\u0159esto ka\u017ed\u00fd den s v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed, nal\u00e9havost\u00ed a n\u011bkdy i hysteri\u00ed mluv\u00edme o t\u00e9matu \u00fazce spjat\u00e9m se vzduchem: klima, CO\u2082, atmosf\u00e9ra, planeta a dokonce i konec sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed oznamov\u00e1n jako pravideln\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost. Ud\u011blejme tedy krok zp\u011bt, zhluboka se nadechn\u011bme\u2026 a po\u010d\u00edtejme v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Bu\u010fte uji\u0161t\u011bni, \u017ee zde nen\u00ed nic konspira\u010dn\u00edho, jen fakta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010dnu mal\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdm kv\u00edzem, kter\u00fd jsem u\u017e s radost\u00ed dal n\u011bkolika lidem, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dlen\u016f rodiny. Je z\u00e1bavn\u00fd a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi pou\u010dn\u00fd. Na ot\u00e1zku \u201eJak\u00fd je hlavn\u00ed plyn v zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e?\u201c jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdi: kysl\u00edk (d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, bez n\u011bj um\u00edr\u00e1me), CO\u2082 (d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, po\u0159\u00e1d o tom mluv\u00edme) nebo n\u011bkdy \u201en\u011bco toxick\u00e9ho\u201c (d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl vzhledem k celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1lad\u011b). Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f je v\u0161ak dus\u00edk, asi 78 %. V m\u00edstnosti ticho. Dus\u00edk? Tento diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed plyn, bez z\u00e1pachu, bezbarv\u00fd, bez slogan\u016f, bez aktivismu a bez dotac\u00ed. Zkr\u00e1tka ten, kter\u00fd nikoho nezaj\u00edm\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee n\u00e1m nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ano, ale co kysl\u00edk? Ach, kysl\u00edk\u2026 hrdina, krev \u017eivota, ta, kterou d\u00fdch\u00e1me, ta, o kter\u00e9 se u\u010d\u00edme ve \u0161kole, ta, kterou si spojujeme se \u017eivotem, pl\u00edcemi, sportem a zdrav\u00edm. A to natolik, \u017ee se ve filmech a televizn\u00edch po\u0159adech neobjev\u00ed jedin\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d bez lahve \u2013 nebo tlakov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby \u2013 s kysl\u00edkem p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00e9 na z\u00e1dech. Ne, je to jen vzduch, proto\u017ee kdyby se pot\u00e1p\u011bli pod hladinu s \u010dist\u00fdm kysl\u00edkem, skon\u010dili by v k\u0159e\u010d\u00edch nebo v k\u00f3matu d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e by v\u016fbec vid\u011bli jedinou rybu. Kysl\u00edk tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 21 % vzduchu. Nen\u00ed to hlavn\u00ed plyn v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, zdaleka ne, ale je to o\u010dividn\u011b ten, bez kter\u00e9ho bychom tu nebyli, abychom o n\u011bm diskutovali. P\u0159\u00edroda miluje tyto krut\u00e9 vtipy: to nejvit\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina, to nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je pro na\u0161e v\u011bdom\u00ed dokonale neviditeln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

A co ten nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd CO\u2082? Dramatick\u00fd vstup, ponur\u00e1 hudba, \u00fazkostliv\u011b navozuj\u00edc\u00ed dabing. A p\u0159esto CO\u2082 p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,04 % atmosf\u00e9ry. Na kol\u00e1\u010dov\u00e9m grafu by to byla sotva \u010d\u00e1ra. Ano, 0,04. V tomto bod\u011b se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e odpojili nebo se zoufale dr\u017e\u00ed narativu: \u201eNa procentech nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se efekt.\u201c Up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd p\u0159eklad: D\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159ednost narativu p\u0159ed skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1dem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto je pravdiv\u00e1 a trochu mraziv\u00e1 anekdota, proto\u017ee je zalo\u017eena na osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti: nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 sly\u0161et, \u017ee CO\u2082 tvo\u0159\u00ed 10 % vzduchu, \u017ee je ho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u011b hojn\u011b jako kysl\u00edku, nebo \u017ee ho je a\u017e 20 %. P\u0159i 20 % CO\u2082 si bu\u010fte jisti: nen\u00ed t\u0159eba ekologick\u00e9 transformace, nejsou pot\u0159eba debaty ani mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed summity. V\u0161ichni bychom byli d\u00e1vno mrtv\u00ed a probl\u00e9m by se vy\u0159e\u0161il s\u00e1m, v definitivn\u00edm tichu a s dokonalou uhl\u00edkovou neutralitou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co se tedy d\u011bje v mysl\u00edch lid\u00ed? Nic mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho. Jen dokonale lidsk\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed. Mozek funguje takto: co je \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro v\u011bt\u0161inu, co je vtlouk\u00e1no do hlavy, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt obrovsk\u00e9 a co je d\u011bsiv\u00e9, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v masivn\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed. Kysl\u00edk je sice \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, ale v men\u0161in\u011b, CO\u2082 je v diskurzu v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, ale ve vzduchu je ho nekone\u010dn\u011b m\u00e1lo, a dus\u00edk je dominantn\u00ed, ale nudn\u00fd, proto\u017ee nikoho neobt\u011b\u017euje. V\u00fdsledek: fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a v\u011bdeck\u00e1 realita prohr\u00e1v\u00e1 ve prosp\u011bch emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho narativu, nemluv\u011b o nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9m \u201ekonsensu\u201c, tom magick\u00e9m slov\u011b, kter\u00e9 ukon\u010duje jak\u00fdkoli pokus o debatu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V cel\u00e9 t\u00e9to situaci je role m\u00e9di\u00ed nen\u00e1padn\u00e1, ale pozoruhodn\u011b efektivn\u00ed. Nikdy ne\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee CO\u2082 tvo\u0159\u00ed 20 % atmosf\u00e9ry. Ne, d\u011blaj\u00ed to mnohem l\u00e9pe. Mluv\u00ed o \u201emasivn\u00edch emis\u00edch\u201c, \u201edominantn\u00edm plynu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, \u201eabsolutn\u00ed nouzov\u00e9 situaci\u201c a \u201ebodu zlomu\u201c. Nikdy se ale nezmi\u0148uj\u00ed o proporc\u00edch. To by se dalo nazvat dezinformac\u00ed kvantitativn\u00edm opomenut\u00edm: nel\u017eou, jen se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b jedna posledn\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednka, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy znepokojiv\u00e1. P\u0159ed pr\u016fmyslovou \u00e9rou tvo\u0159il CO\u2082 asi 0,028 % atmosf\u00e9ry. Dnes je to kolem 0,042 %. Absolutn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst je tedy 0,014 procentn\u00edho bodu. Vzduch se tak zm\u011bnil z 99,972 % bez CO\u2082 na 99,958 % bez CO\u2082. Nen\u00ed to ani nic, ani v\u0161echno, ale rozhodn\u011b to nen\u00ed monstrum, kter\u00e9 by dominovalo atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dodejme je\u0161t\u011b toto: pokud by koncentrace CO\u2082 kolem 0,04 % sama o sob\u011b byla prim\u00e1rn\u00edm hybatelem zemsk\u00e9ho klimatu, pak by geologick\u00e1 obdob\u00ed, b\u011bhem nich\u017e tento plyn dos\u00e1hl \u00farovn\u00ed n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e dne\u0161n\u00edch, m\u011bla v\u00e9st k teplot\u00e1m radik\u00e1ln\u011b neslu\u010diteln\u00fdm se stabilitou oce\u00e1n\u016f a biosf\u00e9ry. Geologick\u00fd z\u00e1znam v\u0161ak naopak ukazuje tepl\u00e9, ale stabiln\u00ed klima, hojn\u00fd \u017eivot a absenci jak\u00e9hokoli glob\u00e1ln\u00edho tepeln\u00e9ho \u00faniku. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee CO\u2082 p\u016fsob\u00ed v komplexn\u00edm klimatick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu jako jeden z parametr\u016f, a nikoli jako jedin\u00fd ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed knofl\u00edk.<\/span><\/p>\n

A poj\u010fme si kone\u010dn\u011b promluvit o odpov\u011bdnosti. I kdy\u017e p\u0159ijmeme p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee CO\u2082 je hlavn\u00edm faktorem klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, Evropa se pod\u00edl\u00ed na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch emis\u00edch m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 8 % a Francie zhruba na 1 %. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, \u017eijeme v oblasti sv\u011bta, kter\u00e1 si vnucuje zat\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed, n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 a nevratn\u00e9 politiky, aby napravila nepatrn\u00fd zlomek glob\u00e1ln\u00edho jevu. To si p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm zaslou\u017e\u00ed debatu zalo\u017eenou na \u010d\u00edslech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu mluv\u00ed a v\u0161echno principi\u00e1ln\u011b pop\u00edr\u00e1; probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee se o n\u00ed mluv\u00ed systematicky, bez jak\u00e9hokoli smyslu pro m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko nebo \u010d\u00edsla. Bez \u010d\u00edsel se v\u011bda st\u00e1v\u00e1 pouh\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, debata se st\u00e1v\u00e1 moralizuj\u00edc\u00ed a politika dogmatickou. Kdy\u017e u\u017e nem\u016f\u017eeme po\u010d\u00edtat, v\u011b\u0159\u00edme a v\u00edra je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1: pro v\u0161t\u011bpov\u00e1n\u00ed strachu, viny, vnucov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed v\u016fle a zjednodu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. V\u00edra v\u0161ak nikdy nenahradila fyziku a v\u011bdu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dob\u0159e, je\u0161t\u011b posledn\u00ed n\u00e1dech, ne\u017e odejdete. Vzduch, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1te, se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z asi 78 % dus\u00edku, 21 % kysl\u00edku a 0,04 % CO\u2082. Pokud v\u00e1s tato jednoduch\u00e1 skute\u010dnost tr\u00e1p\u00ed, nen\u00ed to probl\u00e9m se slo\u017een\u00edm atmosf\u00e9ry, ale s va\u0161\u00edm vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm reality. Tak\u017ee zhluboka d\u00fdchejte\u2026 ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se nau\u010dte po\u010d\u00edtat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Van Cutsem<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Debata o klimatu se stala v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnou, nal\u00e9havou, mor\u00e1ln\u00ed\u2026 ale kupodivu jen z\u0159\u00eddka kvantifikovatelnou. O CO\u2082…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":95553,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,2692,6123,7230],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95552"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95552"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95552\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}