{"id":95277,"date":"2025-12-24T00:36:25","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T23:36:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=95277"},"modified":"2025-12-23T16:22:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T15:22:12","slug":"senegal-sbohem-franku-cfa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/24\/senegal-sbohem-franku-cfa\/","title":{"rendered":"Senegal: Sbohem, franku CFA?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Bassirou Diomaye Faye, zvolen\u00fd prezidentem Senegalu v roce 2024, kter\u00fd sl\u00edbil radik\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy, znovu rozpoutal debatu o m\u011bnov\u00e9 suverenit\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky t\u00edm, \u017ee se znovu zasadil o opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed franku CFA, m\u011bny v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na Francii od koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry, ve prosp\u011bch m\u011bny eco, kter\u00e1 byla navr\u017eena pro Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (ECOWAS). Fayeova iniciativa odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rostouc\u00ed touhu v regionu osvobodit se od koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup si z\u00edskal jak aktivn\u00ed podporu, tak i v\u00e1\u0161nivou kontroverzi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

CFA frank, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd v roce 1945 jako m\u011bna \u201efrancouzsk\u00fdch koloni\u00ed v Africe\u201c, dodnes symbolizuje francouzsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd vliv v Africe. Tento m\u011bnov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ve 14 zem\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Afriky, vy\u017eaduje, aby \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ulo\u017eily 50 % sv\u00fdch devizov\u00fdch rezerv u Francouzsk\u00e9 banky, a jeho hodnota je pevn\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1na na euro.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zast\u00e1nci franku CFA tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u011bna zaji\u0161\u0165uje m\u011bnovou stabilitu, zat\u00edmco kritici ji pova\u017euj\u00ed za koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed relikt a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee slou\u017e\u00ed jako n\u00e1stroj k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee na kontinentu. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed publikace\u00a0<\/span>Africa at LSE<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u201eFrancie m\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>fakticky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pr\u00e1vo veta v rad\u00e1ch obou centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank v z\u00f3n\u011b franku CFA\u201c, co\u017e podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed kontrolu nad m\u011bnovou politikou.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzva prezidenta Faye k opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed franku CFA navazuje na dohodu ECOWAS z roku 2019 o zaveden\u00ed Eco, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 nahradit frank CFA a pos\u00edlit region\u00e1ln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou integraci. Pokrok v\u0161ak brzd\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 politick\u00e9 priority a ekonomick\u00e9 nerovnosti mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Zaveden\u00ed Eco, p\u016fvodn\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 na rok 2020, bylo odlo\u017eeno na rok 2027, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed slo\u017eitost sjednocen\u00ed 15 zem\u00ed s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi fisk\u00e1ln\u00edmi politikami a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi strukturami.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fayeho n\u00e1vrh rezonoval nejen v Senegalu, ale i za jeho hranicemi. V roce 2024 zpravodajsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l\u00a0<\/span>France TV Info<\/span><\/em>\u00a0poznamenal, \u017ee opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed franku CFA bylo \u201e\u00a0<\/span>extr\u00e9mn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00edm v Senegalu a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch zem\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch CFA\u201c. Tato m\u011bna je vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako \u201esymbol francouzsk\u00e9ho paternalismu\u201c a Fayeho postoj odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rostouc\u00ed protikoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1lady v Sahelu, o \u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed odchod Burkiny Faso, Mali a Nigeru ze z\u00f3ny franku CFA v posledn\u00edch letech.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska by jednotn\u00e1 m\u011bna, eko, mohla sn\u00ed\u017eit transak\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a podpo\u0159it vnitroregion\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod, kter\u00fd v sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159edstavuje pouze 10 a\u017e 15 % celkov\u00e9ho obchodu ECOWAS. Jednotn\u00e1 m\u011bna by tak\u00e9 mohla pos\u00edlit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed pozici regionu a sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na Francii, co\u017e by zem\u00edm ECOWAS umo\u017enilo jednat nez\u00e1visleji.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Podle studie\u00a0<\/span>ScienceDirect<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u010del\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b ECOWAS \u201e\u00a0<\/span>asymetrick\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u201esynchronizaci hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch cykl\u016f\u201c, co\u017e jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvky \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad Nig\u00e9rie, kter\u00e1 se pod\u00edl\u00ed na 70 % HDP regionu, m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 priority ne\u017e men\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty jako Senegal. Zaveden\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny eNaira v Nig\u00e9rii tak\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jej\u00ed ambivalentn\u00ed postoj k ECOWAS a obavy ze ztr\u00e1ty dominantn\u00edho postaven\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Politick\u00e1 fragmentace situaci zhor\u0161uje. Zat\u00edmco Faye se zasazuje o ekologickou m\u011bnu, v\u016fdci jako prezident Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny Alassane Ouattara tradi\u010dn\u011b frank CFA obhajuj\u00ed a kritiku odm\u00edtaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee ji prezentuj\u00ed jako technickou z\u00e1le\u017eitost, kter\u00e9 nejl\u00e9pe rozum\u00ed odborn\u00edci. V \u00fanoru 2019, po setk\u00e1n\u00ed s francouzsk\u00fdm prezidentem Emmanuelem Macronem, Ouattara novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: \u201eNerozum\u00edm t\u00e9to fale\u0161n\u00e9 debat\u011b,\u201c ozna\u010dil frank CFA za \u201esolidn\u00ed m\u011bnu\u201c a vyzval k ukon\u010den\u00ed takov\u00fdch diskus\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonomi\u010dt\u00ed analytici varuj\u00ed, \u017ee podle jejich progn\u00f3z by \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ekologii, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na \u00fazk\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci, mohlo b\u00fdt revolu\u010dn\u00edm krokem vp\u0159ed, podpo\u0159it obchod, stabilizovat m\u011bny a sn\u00ed\u017eit dluhovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Naopak \u0161patn\u011b zvl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 p\u0159echodn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed by mohlo vyvolat inflaci nebo \u00fanik kapit\u00e1lu, co\u017e by zhor\u0161ilo ekonomickou nestabilitu. Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou franku CFA z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra inflace, kter\u00e1 \u010din\u00ed pouze 2 a\u017e 3 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s africk\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem 15 %.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fayeov\u00e9 iniciativa je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vlny zm\u011bn v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe, kde mlad\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury. Ibrahim Traor\u00e9 (Burkina Faso), Assimi Go\u00efta (Mali) a Abdourahamane Tiani (Niger) pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed populistickou r\u00e9toriku a vojensk\u00e9 aliance k potla\u010den\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho vlivu. \u00dasp\u011bch Senegalu v implementaci m\u011bnov\u00e9 reformy by mohl inspirovat sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b, zat\u00edmco ne\u00fasp\u011bch by pouze pos\u00edlil st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ezkum dohod s Franci\u00ed a zem\u011bmi EU je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed snahy Senegalu o zaru\u010den\u00ed jeho suverenity, uvedla vysok\u00e1 p\u0159edstavitelka prezidenta republiky Aminata Tour\u00e9ov\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Senegal je i nad\u00e1le odhodl\u00e1n pokra\u010dovat v procesu dekolonizace a v r\u00e1mci tohoto \u00fasil\u00ed pl\u00e1nuje opustit m\u011bnovou unii CFA frank podporovanou Franci\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bassirou Diomaye Faye, zvolen\u00fd prezidentem Senegalu v roce 2024, kter\u00fd sl\u00edbil radik\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy, znovu rozpoutal…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":95278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,1042,10306,2398,5586],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95277"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95277"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95277\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}