{"id":95105,"date":"2025-12-22T00:15:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-21T23:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=95105"},"modified":"2025-12-21T12:23:04","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T11:23:04","slug":"jedno-euro-za-kilowatthodinu-tak-draha-by-byla-budoucnost-zelene-elektriny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/22\/jedno-euro-za-kilowatthodinu-tak-draha-by-byla-budoucnost-zelene-elektriny\/","title":{"rendered":"Jedno euro za kilowatthodinu: Tak drah\u00e1 by byla budoucnost zelen\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pokud klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 prosad\u00ed svou, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed a v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie budou sta\u010dit k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dod\u00e1vek energie pro danou zemi. To ale bude drah\u00e9. Velmi drah\u00e9. Modelov\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 transformace je jednodu\u0161e tot\u00e1ln\u00ed a n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 katastrofa.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kamkoli se pod\u00edv\u00e1te, klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed vykreslit energetickou transformaci jako levnou, spolehlivou a p\u0159ipravenou na budoucnost. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee takzvan\u00e9 obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje jsou sice z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na po\u010das\u00ed, ale s modern\u00edm skladov\u00e1n\u00edm to u\u017e nebude probl\u00e9m. V\u011btrn\u00e9 turb\u00edny plus baterie \u2013 a voil\u00e0, energetick\u00e1 budoucnost je \u010dist\u00e1, levn\u00e1 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Jedin\u00e9, co je zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed, je, \u017ee si nikdo nic nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1. Nikdo neodhaluje, kolik tento state\u010dn\u00fd nov\u00fd sv\u011bt elekt\u0159iny skute\u010dn\u011b stoj\u00ed. A nikdo nevysv\u011btluje, kolik krajiny, surovin a pen\u011bz by pro to muselo b\u00fdt ob\u011btov\u00e1no.\u00a0<\/span>Ale p\u0159esn\u011b to se stalo \u2013 a v\u00fdsledky jsou jednozna\u010dn\u00e9<\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm technick\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm v modern\u00edch spole\u010dnostech. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ka\u017edou sekundu p\u0159esn\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017eeny; netoleruj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy ani odchylky. Elekt\u0159ina bu\u010f te\u010de, nebo ne. Pro ilustraci skute\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsahu energetick\u00e9 transformace byl zvolen z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd, ale fakticky p\u0159esn\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159: kompletn\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159inou st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9ho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho m\u011bsta \u2013 W\u00fcrzburgu \u2013 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie a bateriov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd plyn, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 energie. Pouze v\u00edtr a \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Spolehliv\u011b, celoro\u010dn\u011b, 24 hodin denn\u011b, 7 dn\u00ed v t\u00fddnu.<\/span><\/p>\n

W\u00fcrzburg m\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 000 dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Denn\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po elekt\u0159in\u011b je kolem 649 000 kilowatthodin, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zhruba 237 gigawatthodin\u00e1m ro\u010dn\u011b. K pokryt\u00ed t\u00e9to popt\u00e1vky se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 29 modern\u00edch v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn, ka\u017ed\u00e1 s jmenovit\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem 2,5 megawatt\u016f. S realistick\u00fdmi kapacitn\u00edmi faktory by ka\u017ed\u00e1 turb\u00edna vyrobila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 500 megawatthodin ro\u010dn\u011b, celkem tedy kolem 130 500 megawatthodin. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie je nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1 a bezpe\u010dnost dod\u00e1vek je politicky garantovan\u00fdm c\u00edlem, je p\u0159id\u00e1na redundance: \u0161est dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn, celkem tedy 35 turb\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale samotn\u00e1 v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie nesta\u010d\u00ed. Elekt\u0159ina je pot\u0159eba, kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba, ne jen tehdy, kdy\u017e ji p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed. Proto je k p\u0159eklenut\u00ed obdob\u00ed klidu nezbytn\u00fd syst\u00e9m bateriov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00e1 kapacita je 2,3 gigawatthodiny. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee minim\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervy nejsou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze provediteln\u00e9, zdvojn\u00e1sobuje se tato kapacita. Syst\u00e9m se tak spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na 4,6 gigawatthodiny lithium-iontov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, aby m\u011bsto v bezv\u011btrn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch fungovalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho prostoru bo\u0159\u00ed m\u00fdtus o greenwashingu. Jedna modern\u00ed v\u011btrn\u00e1 turb\u00edna, v\u010detn\u011b bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch z\u00f3n, p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch cest, je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch ploch a technick\u00e9 infrastruktury, zab\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,12 kilometru \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edho. Pro 35 turb\u00edn je to 4,2 kilometru \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edho \u2013 420 hektar\u016f. Pokud se v lese prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdstavba, co\u017e je ji\u017e dlouho politicky akceptov\u00e1no, odpov\u00edd\u00e1 to vyk\u00e1cen\u00ed zhruba 588 fotbalov\u00fdch h\u0159i\u0161\u0165. Miz\u00ed biotopy, p\u016fda se ut\u011bsn\u00ed a les se st\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslovou z\u00f3nou. Krom\u011b toho samotn\u00e1 bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b vy\u017eaduj\u00ed n\u011bkolik hektar\u016f, nemluv\u011b o rozvodn\u00e1ch a rozvodn\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e. Celkov\u011b pod betonem, kontejnery a veden\u00edm vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed miz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce krajiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Situace se je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161uje, kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na n\u00e1klady. Jedna v\u011btrn\u00e1 turb\u00edna stoj\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru kolem 5,8 milionu eur, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdstavby a instalace. U 35 turb\u00edn se to rovn\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 milion\u016fm eur \u2013 a to ani nezahrnuje \u00fadr\u017ebu a obecn\u00e9 provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Skute\u010dn\u00fdm faktorem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm n\u00e1klady je v\u0161ak syst\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie. Lithium-iontov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v sou\u010dasnosti stoj\u00ed kolem 300 eur za kilowatthodinu kapacity. U 4,6 gigawatthodiny to odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zhruba 1,21 miliard\u011b eur \u2013 s mal\u00fdm, \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm detailem, \u017ee tyto syst\u00e9my skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie je t\u0159eba po zhruba deseti letech kompletn\u011b vym\u011bnit. Ti, kdo mluv\u00ed o \u201einvestic\u00edch\u201c, ve skute\u010dnosti mluv\u00ed o pravideln\u011b se opakuj\u00edc\u00edch nov\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch projektech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud realisticky se\u010dtete v\u011btrnou energii, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed, rozvodny, \u00fadr\u017ebu, cykly v\u00fdm\u011bny a financov\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1klady na projekt pro W\u00fcrzburg \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,43 miliardy eur za 20 let. Pro jedno m\u011bsto. To nezahrnuje posilov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, rezervn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny a velk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 odb\u011bratele.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto n\u00e1klady vedou k n\u00e1klad\u016fm na v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 55 cent\u016f za kilowatthodinu. Pro koncov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazn\u00edka v\u0161ak existuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 se v debat\u011b o energetick\u00e9 transformaci \u010dasto ignoruj\u00ed: poplatky za rozvodnou s\u00ed\u0165, dan\u011b, d\u00e1vky, p\u0159\u00edplatky a distribuce. Cena elekt\u0159iny se nakonec pohybuje kolem 97 cent\u016f za kilowatthodinu. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jedno euro. T\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e dnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro soukrom\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti by to byl sociopolitick\u00fd \u0161ok. Pro \u0159emesln\u00edky, mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky a pr\u016fmysl by to znamenalo okam\u017eit\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed. Pek\u00e1rna, chladic\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec, kovoobr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed z\u00e1vod \u2013 v\u0161echny by se za takov\u00e9 ceny mohly jednodu\u0161e zav\u0159\u00edt. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, uheln\u00e9 a jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed elekt\u0159inu za desetinu t\u011bchto n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010casto se argumentuje, \u017ee tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazce koncipov\u00e1n. V\u011btrnou energii je podle nich t\u0159eba kombinovat se sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energi\u00ed, vod\u00edkem nebo evropsk\u00fdm obchodem s elekt\u0159inou. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to v\u0161ak probl\u00e9m zhor\u0161uje. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie v n\u011bmeck\u00e9 zim\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neposkytuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon a v noci \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd. To d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje pot\u0159ebu skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady. Vod\u00edk je zase jen extr\u00e9mn\u011b neefektivn\u00ed obj\u00ed\u017e\u010fkou s obrovsk\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami. A evropsk\u00fd obchod s elekt\u0159inou generuje z\u00e1porn\u00e9 ceny, co\u017e nut\u00ed N\u011bmecko prod\u00e1vat svou p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou produkci v zahrani\u010d\u00ed za velk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Jen v posledn\u00edch letech to st\u00e1lo n\u011bkolik stovek milion\u016f eur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Extrapolace tohoto modelu na celou zemi odhaluje absurditu situace. N\u011bmecko by pot\u0159ebovalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 000 v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn, kter\u00e9 by zab\u00edraly v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i procenta rozlohy zem\u011b. Krom\u011b toho by bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed zhruba 20 milion\u016f tun bateri\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fdch deset let by N\u011bmecko spot\u0159ebovalo n\u011bkolik procent sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob lithia \u2013 a syst\u00e9m by i tak z\u016fstal nestabiln\u00ed. A to ani nemluv\u00edme o dopadu na konkurenceschopnost pr\u016fmyslu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 je z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd, ale fakticky p\u0159esn\u00fd. Ilustruje, co se stane, kdy\u017e jsou politick\u00e9 sliby dodr\u017eeny do logick\u00e9ho konce. Takzvan\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 transformace selh\u00e1v\u00e1 nikoli kv\u016fli nedostatku v\u016fle, ale kv\u016fli realit\u011b. Nen\u00ed to technick\u00fd projekt, ale ideologick\u00fd. Je \u0159\u00edzen politiky, kte\u0159\u00ed nerozum\u00ed ekonomii, a novin\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed evidentn\u011b ne\u010dtou. Nakonec za to plat\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pokud klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 prosad\u00ed svou, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed a v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie budou sta\u010dit k…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":95106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1872,285,873],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95105"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95105\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}