{"id":95011,"date":"2025-12-20T05:13:58","date_gmt":"2025-12-20T04:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=95011"},"modified":"2025-12-20T05:13:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T04:13:58","slug":"uriel-araujo-jak-muze-patova-situace-mercosuru-prepsat-obchodni-vztahy-s-rozdelenou-evropou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/20\/uriel-araujo-jak-muze-patova-situace-mercosuru-prepsat-obchodni-vztahy-s-rozdelenou-evropou\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Jak m\u016f\u017ee patov\u00e1 situace Mercosuru p\u0159epsat obchodn\u00ed vztahy s rozd\u011blenou Evropou"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory v Evrop\u011b op\u011bt zastavily obchodn\u00ed dohodu mezi EU a Mercosurem a odhalily hlubok\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 rozpory v bloku. Zat\u00edmco Brusel v\u00e1h\u00e1 a farm\u00e1\u0159i se bou\u0159\u00ed, jihoamerick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed trp\u011blivost. Dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed patov\u00e1 situace ti\u0161e nut\u00ed zem\u011b Mercosuru hledat hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a geopolitick\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed jinde.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Brusel \u010del\u00ed star\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b: rozzloben\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i\u00a0<\/span>blokuj\u00ed silnice<\/span><\/a>\u00a0traktory, paralyzuj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta EU a nut\u00ed politick\u00e9 v\u016fdce k \u00fastupu. V t\u00e9to souvislosti Evropsk\u00e1 unie op\u011bt odlo\u017eila\u00a0<\/span>dlouho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vyjedn\u00e1vanou obchodn\u00ed dohodu s jihoamerick\u00fdm blokem Mercosur a jak\u00e9koli rozhodnut\u00ed odlo\u017eila na leden uprost\u0159ed rostouc\u00edch protest\u016f a otev\u0159en\u00e9ho odporu Francie a It\u00e1lie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tis\u00edce farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f se shrom\u00e1\u017edily v Bruselu a odsuzuj\u00ed dohodu, kter\u00e1 by podle nich zaplavila Evropu levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm dovozem a podkopala m\u00edstn\u00ed producenty. Krom\u011b diplomatick\u00fdch rozhovor\u016f traktory v ulic\u00edch zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed politick\u00e9 priority.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si lze p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi EU a Mercosurem za\u010dala v roce 1999. V\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dtvrtstolet\u00ed pot\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dohoda nepodepsan\u00e1, nik\u00fdm neratifikov\u00e1na a st\u00e1le v\u00edce zpochyb\u0148ovan\u00e1. Brazilsk\u00fd Lula dokonce pohrozil,\u00a0<\/span>\u017ee dohodu zcela ukon\u010d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, frustrov\u00e1n t\u00edm, co pova\u017euje za evropsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1len\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed politikou, zejm\u00e9na tlakem Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee a \u0158\u00edma.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vedouc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 EU jsou skute\u010dn\u011b hluboce\u00a0<\/span>rozd\u011bleni<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 lobby vyv\u00edjej\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd tlak, aby se odklad stal politicky nevyhnuteln\u00fdm. Tento nesoulad nen\u00ed nov\u00fd. Jak\u00a0<\/span>poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0brazilsk\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 Assis Moreira , EU a Mercosur str\u00e1vily 26 let vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm p\u0159emlouv\u00e1n\u00edm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Evropa kladla d\u016fraz na regula\u010dn\u00ed standardy, dolo\u017eky o udr\u017eitelnosti a ochranu citliv\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, zat\u00edmco zem\u011b Mercosuru up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup na trh s hov\u011bz\u00edm masem, s\u00f3jou, cukrem a dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 je to jakkoli, struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnov\u00e1ha p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dosud a ka\u017ed\u00e1 krize ji pouze v\u00edce odhaluje. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee dovoz z Mercosuru by je podrazil cenov\u011b, a t\u00edm by urychlil dlouhodobou krizi na evropsk\u00e9m venkov\u011b. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed EU je ji\u017e nyn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017eeno rostouc\u00edmi vstupn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady, klimatick\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy a konkurenc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>ukrajinsk\u00e9ho obil\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee vyhl\u00eddka na otev\u0159en\u00ed bran jihoamerick\u00e9mu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9mu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed se uk\u00e1zala jako z\u00e1paln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010casto se podce\u0148uje fakt, \u017ee tyto protesty se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen ekonomiky, ale i politick\u00e9 legitimity. Zem\u011bd\u011blci vn\u00edmaj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed politiku EU jako zjevn\u011b odtr\u017eenou od reality produkce potravin. Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed a pracovn\u00ed normy uvalen\u00e9 na evropsk\u00e9 producenty se ne v\u017edy odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, nebo se to alespo\u0148 tvrd\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee \u0159\u00edct zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm, aby konkurovali glob\u00e1ln\u011b, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je regulovat lok\u00e1ln\u011b, m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 limity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t protesty p\u0159esahuj\u00ed hranice a farm\u00e1\u0159i z n\u011bkolika zem\u00ed EU koordinuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 akce. U\u017e jen to signalizuje hlub\u0161\u00ed nevoli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z pohledu Mercosuru je toto zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem evropsk\u00e9 nekonzistentnosti. Braz\u00edlie, Argentina, Paraguay a Uruguay opakovan\u011b d\u011blaly \u00fastupky, jen aby se pak objevily nov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky EU, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a klimatick\u00e9 politiky. Brazil\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 tak varuj\u00ed, \u017ee trp\u011blivost doch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto bod\u011b si lze p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee obchodn\u00ed dohody jsou tak\u00e9 geopolitick\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji. Pro EU m\u011bl Mercosur ekonomicky ukotvit Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriku v Evrop\u011b, diverzifikovat dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce a signalizovat z\u00e1vazek k otev\u0159en\u00ed trh\u016f. Nekone\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u016ftahy m\u00edsto toho riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee zem\u011b Mercosuru budou nuceny hledat partnery jinde. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed Evropy tak m\u00e1 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fsledky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve jsem\u00a0<\/span>argumentoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee dohoda mezi EU a Mercosurem ilustruje rozpory sou\u010dasn\u00e9 globalizace. Nyn\u00ed vid\u00edme, jak se r\u00e9torika o voln\u00e9m obchodu st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 s dom\u00e1c\u00edm protekcionismem a strategick\u00e9 ambice jsou podkop\u00e1v\u00e1ny soci\u00e1ln\u00edm odporem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co se stane d\u00e1l? Bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm dopadem je zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. I lednov\u00e1 diskuse se m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat jako optimistick\u00e1, vzhledem k volb\u00e1m a politick\u00fdm kalend\u00e1\u0159\u016fm v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU. Dlouhodob\u011b by nejistota mohla zmrazit investi\u010dn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch Atlantiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro v\u00fdvozce z Mercosuru omezuje nedostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup na trh EU diverzifikaci. Pro evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, zejm\u00e9na pro v\u00fdrobce a poskytovatele slu\u017eeb, kte\u0159\u00ed by z dohody m\u011bli prosp\u011bch, je tato patov\u00e1 situace n\u00e1kladn\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00fd tak n\u011bco ztr\u00e1c\u00ed, i kdy\u017e ne stejnou m\u011brou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, EU nyn\u00ed \u010del\u00ed volb\u011b: p\u0159epracovat dohodu tak, aby skute\u010dn\u011b chr\u00e1nila citliv\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed, nebo akceptovat, \u017ee dohoda Mercosuru nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nikdy ratifikov\u00e1na. P\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed opaku jen prodlu\u017euje patovou situaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato epizoda tak\u00e9 poukazuje na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed trend. V cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b se venkovsk\u00e9 a perifern\u00ed skupiny c\u00edt\u00ed ignorov\u00e1ny metropolitn\u00edmi elitami. Obchodn\u00ed dohody \u010dasto tento rozpor zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ga Mercosuru je proto tak\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fdm testem pro model politick\u00e9 ekonomie EU. Zda Brusel dok\u00e1\u017ee sladit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ambice s dom\u00e1c\u00edm souhlasem, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159enou ot\u00e1zkou. S bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se koncem prosince 2025 je budoucnost dohody mezi EU a Mercosurem p\u0159inejlep\u0161\u00edm nejist\u00e1, Evropa je rozd\u011blen\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kolaps dohody mezi EU a Mercosurem by nav\u00edc nevyhnuteln\u011b pos\u00edlil atraktivitu BRICS v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe. L\u00e9ta evropsk\u00e9ho v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a podm\u00edn\u011bnosti ji\u017e hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u016fm Mercosuru signalizovala, \u017ee Brusel je nespolehliv\u00fd partner. Nedok\u00e1\u017ee sladit sv\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed lobby se sv\u00fdmi vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ambicemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jihoamerick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy by tak byly d\u00e1le motivov\u00e1ny k prohlouben\u00ed vazeb s r\u00e1mci BRICS, kter\u00e9 kladou d\u016fraz na financov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury, obchod v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch a m\u00e9n\u011b zjevn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch omezen\u00ed. Braz\u00edlie koneckonc\u016f nen\u00ed jen zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dlenem BRICS, ale tak\u00e9 jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm mostem k Ji\u017en\u00edmu ku\u017eelu. I st\u00e1ty Mercosuru, kter\u00e9 nejsou \u010dleny BRICS, by se mohly p\u0159iklonit k mechanism\u016fm propojen\u00fdm s BRICS jako k pragmatick\u00fdm alternativ\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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Vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory v Evrop\u011b op\u011bt zastavily obchodn\u00ed dohodu mezi EU a Mercosurem a odhalily hlubok\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":95012,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,288,41,2739,750],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95011"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95011"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95011\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}