{"id":94985,"date":"2025-12-20T00:21:23","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T23:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=94985"},"modified":"2025-12-19T12:21:59","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T11:21:59","slug":"soukromi-pro-mocne-dohled-pro-ostatni-planovany-ramec-eu-pro-regulaci-technologii-zachazi-prilis-daleko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/20\/soukromi-pro-mocne-dohled-pro-ostatni-planovany-ramec-eu-pro-regulaci-technologii-zachazi-prilis-daleko\/","title":{"rendered":"Soukrom\u00ed pro mocn\u00e9, dohled pro ostatn\u00ed: Pl\u00e1novan\u00fd r\u00e1mec EU pro regulaci technologi\u00ed zach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc jsme kritizovali kalifornsk\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1kon Frontier AI Act<\/span><\/em>\u00a0z roku 2025. Z\u00e1kon up\u0159ednost\u0148uje form\u00e1ln\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f p\u0159ed skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm rizik a chr\u00e1n\u00ed byrokraty a z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce p\u0159ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. A co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, prosazuje regula\u010dn\u00ed standardy shora dol\u016f, m\u00edsto aby umo\u017e\u0148oval ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a odborn\u00edk\u016fm z oboru testovat a rozv\u00edjet etick\u00e9 standardy zdola nahoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento z\u00e1kon by se dal zavrhnout jako dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad kalifornsk\u00fdch interven\u010dn\u00edch tendenc\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed politici a regul\u00e1to\u0159i v\u0161ak ji\u017e volaj\u00ed po tom, aby slou\u017eil jako \u201e\u0161ablona pro harmonizaci feder\u00e1ln\u00edho a st\u00e1tn\u00edho dohledu\u201c. Druh\u00fdm zdrojem takov\u00e9 \u0161ablony by byla Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) \u2013 co\u017e je tedy dostate\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod k tomu, abychom bedliv\u011b sledovali na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z Bruselu.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU je ji\u017e nyn\u00ed v prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed problematick\u00e9 regulace shora dol\u016f daleko p\u0159ed Kaliforni\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Z\u00e1kon EU o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci z roku 2024<\/span><\/em>\u00a0se ve skute\u010dnosti \u0159\u00edd\u00ed obecnou z\u00e1sadou p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti EU. Jak vysv\u011btluje intern\u00ed think tank Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu: \u201eZ\u00e1sada p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti umo\u017e\u0148uje tv\u016frc\u016fm politik p\u0159ij\u00edmat preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o environment\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo zdravotn\u00edch rizic\u00edch nejist\u00e9 a v s\u00e1zce je hodn\u011b.\u201c Tato z\u00e1sada d\u00e1v\u00e1 EU obrovskou pravomoc regulovat v nejistot\u011b \u2013 sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby umo\u017e\u0148ovala experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci pokut a odpov\u011bdnosti (jako v USA). Dus\u00ed etick\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed a inovace. Kv\u016fli z\u00e1sad\u011b p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed regulaci trp\u00ed ekonomika EU vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed trhu, vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi regula\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi inovacemi \u2013 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s prost\u0159ed\u00edm, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee pouze \u010dty\u0159i z 50 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch technologick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed sv\u011bta s\u00eddl\u00ed v Evrop\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od potla\u010den\u00fdch inovac\u00ed k potla\u010den\u00e9mu soukrom\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Krom\u011b principu p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti je druhou hnac\u00ed silou regulace EU vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v \u2013 by\u0165 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm selektivn\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011bru z Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v EU, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tato pr\u00e1va si \u010dasto st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad obecn\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (GDPR) z roku 2016 bylo zavedeno s c\u00edlem zajistit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (technicky odd\u011blen\u00e9 od pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed, kter\u00e9 EU poskytuje podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed interven\u010dn\u00ed pravomoci \u2013 t\u00e9ma pro odborn\u00e9 \u010dasopisy). GDPR v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku omezilo pr\u00e1vo na ekonomickou svobodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu EU k boji proti sexu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed. V\u0161ichni si cen\u00edme z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a v\u0161ichni zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed odsuzujeme. P\u0159esto byla z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako tup\u00e1, ale mocn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed EU. Navrhovan\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o boji proti sexu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed (CSA) nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou. V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd je v\u0161ak rozsah tohoto naru\u0161en\u00ed: EU navrhuje monitorovat komunikaci evropsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f a bez rozd\u00edlu s n\u00ed zach\u00e1zet jako s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi hrozbami, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e jako s chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm projevem s prima facie pr\u00e1vem na soukrom\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od 26. listopadu 2025 byrokracie EU jedn\u00e1 o detailech z\u00e1kona CSA. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrh na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 alespo\u0148 form\u00e1ln\u011b \u2013 ru\u0161\u00ed povinn\u00e9 prov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 komunikace. Je tu v\u0161ak h\u00e1\u010dek. Poskytovatel\u00e9 hostingov\u00fdch a interperson\u00e1ln\u00edch komunika\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb mus\u00ed identifikovat, analyzovat a posoudit, jak by jejich slu\u017eby mohly b\u00fdt zneu\u017eity k online sexu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, a pot\u00e9 podniknout \u201eve\u0161ker\u00e1 vhodn\u00e1 n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c. Vzhledem k tak neomezen\u00e9mu mand\u00e1tu a hrozb\u011b odpov\u011bdnosti by mnoho poskytovatel\u016f mohlo doj\u00edt k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u2013 a pr\u00e1vn\u011b nejrozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u2013 zp\u016fsobem, jak prok\u00e1zat soulad s p\u0159edpisy EU, je rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 prov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 komunikace.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrh dohody o spole\u010dn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci (CSA) trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pokud mo\u017eno omezena na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti slu\u017eby nebo konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed skupiny u\u017eivatel\u016f. Struktura pob\u00eddek v\u0161ak ukazuje jin\u00fd sm\u011br. Komplexn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed by se mohlo uk\u00e1zat jako jedin\u00e1 sch\u016fdn\u00e1 mo\u017enost pro dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f. To, co se dnes prezentuje jako dobrovoln\u00e9, riskuje, \u017ee se z\u00edtra stane faktickou povinnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slovy d\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ministra spravedlnosti Petera Hummelgaarda: \u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd rok jsou sd\u00edleny miliony soubor\u016f zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edch sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed. A za ka\u017ed\u00fdm jednotliv\u00fdm obr\u00e1zkem a videem stoj\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 bylo vystaveno nejhrozn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a nejkrut\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. To je naprosto nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9.\u201c Nikdo nezpochyb\u0148uje z\u00e1va\u017enost ani zavr\u017een\u00edhodnost probl\u00e9mu. A p\u0159esto se v r\u00e1mci tohoto narativu o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a evrop\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159ijmou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed rizik, kter\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povedou ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b soukrom\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f a rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm sledovac\u00edm pravomoc\u00edm st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee n\u00e1klady nejsou nic ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fdhodami.<\/span><\/p>\n

A kone\u010dn\u011b: Kdo by necht\u011bl bojovat proti sexu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed? Je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das se zhluboka nadechnout. Zneu\u017e\u00edvatel\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed by m\u011bli b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b potrest\u00e1ni. To v\u0161ak nezbavuje svobodnou spole\u010dnost povinnosti respektovat dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hodnoty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale po\u010dkejte \u2013 je toho v\u00edc\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Komplexn\u00ed dohled? No, ne tak docela komplexn\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Navzdory mor\u00e1ln\u00edmu imperativu ochrany d\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 imperativu tak siln\u00e9mu, \u017ee je EU p\u0159ipravena kv\u016fli n\u011bmu slevit z jin\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hodnot \u2013 n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed (CSA) zav\u00e1d\u00ed praktickou v\u00fdjimku. V\u0161e, co spad\u00e1 pod n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny elektronick\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 nejsou ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 (tj. pouze pro volen\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky a byrokraty), z\u016fstanou zcela nedot\u010den\u00e9. Budou monitorov\u00e1ny soukrom\u00e9 chaty ob\u010dan\u016f \u2013 ale nikoli konverzace t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1s chr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak \u0159ekl ministr: \u201eZa ka\u017ed\u00fdm jednotliv\u00fdm obr\u00e1zkem a videem je d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 bylo vystaveno nejhrozn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a nejkrut\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c Pokud se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u201eka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku a videa\u201c, pro\u010d by se to nem\u011blo vztahovat i na zpr\u00e1vy chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdjimkami pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a neve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby? Zmiz\u00ed n\u011bjak hr\u016fza, kdy\u017e jsou u\u017eivateli politici nebo byrokrat\u00e9? Stane se nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 najednou p\u0159ijateln\u00fdm, kdy\u017e ovlivn\u00ed ty, kdo p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed pravidla?<\/span><\/p>\n

V hierarchii pr\u00e1v EU je ochrana d\u011bt\u00ed nad soukrom\u00edm. Ochrana eurokrat\u016f v\u0161ak p\u0159evy\u0161uje ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed. Modern\u00ed technologie v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku d\u00e1vaj\u00ed politik\u016fm neb\u00fdval\u00e9 mo\u017enosti monitorovat ob\u010dany \u2013 zat\u00edmco sami se kontrole vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud v\u00edme, v USA zat\u00edm neprob\u00edhaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 diskuse o zaveden\u00ed podobn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Ale od dan\u00ed z bohatstv\u00ed p\u0159es regulaci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a\u017e po p\u016fvod americk\u00e9ho byrokratick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu maj\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9 n\u00e1pady z Evropy neblah\u00fd zvyk naj\u00edt si cestu p\u0159es Atlantik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Elen Irazabal Arana a Nikolai G. Wenzel prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm TheDailyEconomy.org<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc jsme kritizovali kalifornsk\u00fd\u00a0z\u00e1kon Frontier AI Act\u00a0z roku 2025. Z\u00e1kon up\u0159ednost\u0148uje form\u00e1ln\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":94986,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,1503,1430,3693],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94985"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94985\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}