{"id":94827,"date":"2025-12-18T00:24:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T23:24:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=94827"},"modified":"2025-12-17T21:17:28","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T20:17:28","slug":"cinska-zelena-ofenziva-kdyz-zalesnovani-preprogramuje-kolobeh-vody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/18\/cinska-zelena-ofenziva-kdyz-zalesnovani-preprogramuje-kolobeh-vody\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 ofenziva: Kdy\u017e zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eprogramuje kolob\u011bh vody"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u010c\u00edna v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch zah\u00e1jila n\u011bkolik rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch program\u016f zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Studie nyn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto programy tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zm\u011bny v kolob\u011bhu vody, zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 jsou stejn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jako ty, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fsledkem rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vegetace hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v m\u00edstn\u00edch, region\u00e1ln\u00edch a dokonce i kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch vodn\u00edch cyklech. Negativn\u00ed dopady odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v tropick\u00fdch de\u0161tn\u00fdch pralesech \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad v Amazonii \u2013 jsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem. Zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve nezalesn\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To je patrn\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edkladu \u010c\u00edny, kde komunistick\u00e9 veden\u00ed zah\u00e1jilo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 programy zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ty se nyn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed jako jak\u00fdsi rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd hydrologick\u00fd experiment s dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky. Vzniklo tolik nov\u00fdch lesn\u00edch ploch, \u017ee m\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vodn\u00ed cyklus cel\u00e9ho kontinentu. Mluv\u00edme o milionech hektar\u016f nov\u00fdch les\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vysazeny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tyto zm\u011bny tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed distribuci vody prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm evapotranspirace. Stromy absorbuj\u00ed vodu z p\u016fdy, zvodn\u011bl\u00fdch vrstev a \u0159ek a v podstat\u011b ji pumpuj\u00ed do atmosf\u00e9ry skrze sv\u00e9 listy. De\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda, kter\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edve z\u016fst\u00e1vala v oblasti (vsakovala se do zem\u011b nebo st\u00e9kala), je nyn\u00ed transportov\u00e1na stovky kilometr\u016f d\u00e1le prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a tvorby oblak\u016f, kde pad\u00e1 jako d\u00e9\u0161\u0165. Studie publikovan\u00e1 v roce 2023 v \u010dasopise Journal of Hydrology s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0022169423002688\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kvantifikace dopadu rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed na kolob\u011bh vody v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 spra\u0161ov\u00e9 plo\u0161in\u011b<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c poskytuje komplexn\u00ed p\u0159ehled tohoto jevu. Studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Journal of Arid Environments s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140196320301567\"><span dir=\"auto\">Hodnocen\u00ed vodn\u00ed stopy zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve Vnit\u0159n\u00edm Mongolsku v \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\"> \u201c tak\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 poznatky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Krom\u011b toho doch\u00e1z\u00ed k fyzick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b povrchu zem\u011b. Lesy jsou tmav\u0161\u00ed, drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a energeticky aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e travn\u00ed porosty nebo orn\u00e1 p\u016fda. Oh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed vzduch v bl\u00edzkosti zem\u011b, m\u011bn\u00ed v\u011btrn\u00e9 vzorce a podporuj\u00ed vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed pohyby vzduchu, kter\u00e9 mohou podporovat nebo odkl\u00e1n\u011bt tvorbu oblak\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem jsou posunut\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny a nov\u00e9 sez\u00f3nn\u00ed vzorce. Zejm\u00e9na v severn\u00edch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det les\u016f v\u00e9st k teplej\u0161\u00edm zim\u00e1m, proto\u017ee sn\u00edh se na louk\u00e1ch, pol\u00edch a travn\u00edch porostech hromad\u00ed snadn\u011bji ne\u017e v les\u00edch s tmav\u00fdmi kmeny a jehli\u010d\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pohled na jednotliv\u00e9 regiony je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd. V mnoha povod\u00edch lesy zpomaluj\u00ed povrchov\u00fd odtok, sni\u017euj\u00ed erozi a stabilizuj\u00ed p\u016fdu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hladiny povodn\u00ed a podporuj\u00ed dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed podzemn\u00ed vody. Studie z\u00e1rove\u0148 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v such\u00fdch a polosuch\u00fdch oblastech m\u016f\u017ee zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00edstn\u00ed dostupnost vody, proto\u017ee hluboce ko\u0159enov\u00e9 stromy neust\u00e1le odeb\u00edraj\u00ed vodu z p\u016fdy. Proto hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli i um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby les\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve nezalesn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku p\u0159edstavuje stejn\u011b masivn\u00ed z\u00e1sah do vodn\u00edho cyklu jako k\u00e1cen\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch lesn\u00edch ploch. Takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed hladinu podzemn\u00ed vody, odtok vody a odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vody \u2013 a t\u00edm i distribuci tohoto vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho zdroje. A jako v\u017edy, kdy\u017e se m\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00e9 plochy p\u016fdy, existuj\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed i negativn\u00ed dopady \u2013 a to nejen lok\u00e1ln\u011b nebo region\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010c\u00edna v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch zah\u00e1jila n\u011bkolik rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch program\u016f zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Studie nyn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto programy&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":94828,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,67,1106,10273],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94827"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94827"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94827\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}