{"id":94638,"date":"2025-12-15T00:22:51","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T23:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=94638"},"modified":"2025-12-14T15:06:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T14:06:27","slug":"usa-nemohou-vladnout-zapadni-polokouli-jako-by-byl-rok-1823","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/15\/usa-nemohou-vladnout-zapadni-polokouli-jako-by-byl-rok-1823\/","title":{"rendered":"USA nemohou vl\u00e1dnout z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli, jako by byl rok 1823"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

10. prosince 2025 se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee z n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch vrtuln\u00edk\u016f rychle spustili na palubu ropn\u00e9ho tankeru v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch pobl\u00ed\u017e Venezuely a zabavili plavidlo, kter\u00e9 Trumpova administrativa nazvala Skipperem\u00a0,<\/a><\/em>\u00a0\u00fadajn\u011b<\/em>\u00a0zapojen\u00e9 do obch\u00e1zen\u00ed sankc\u00ed. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed prokur\u00e1torka Pam Bondiov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee operace byla zam\u011b\u0159ena na s\u00edt\u011b financuj\u00edc\u00ed terorismus a dareb\u00e1ck\u00e9 re\u017eimy, zat\u00edmco prezident Trump o zabaven\u00e9 rop\u011b ledabyle poznamenal: \u201eAsi si ji nech\u00e1me.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Venezuelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da reagovala t\u00edm, \u017ee zabaven\u00ed ozna\u010dila za\u00a0<\/span>akt<\/span><\/a>\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed s argumentem, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e9 motivy Washingtonu byly kone\u010dn\u011b odhaleny \u2013 neomezov\u00e1n\u00ed migrace, nepotla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodu s drogami, nepodporov\u00e1n\u00ed demokracie, ale pokus o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch venezuelsk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato drz\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed intervence p\u0159edstavuje pouze nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed eskalaci n\u00e1tlakov\u00e9 kampan\u011b, kter\u00e1 si ji\u017e vy\u017e\u00e1dala des\u00edtky \u017eivot\u016f. Agentura Reuters zdokumentovala, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty potvrdily nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bt \u00fatok\u016f na plavidla pobl\u00ed\u017e Venezuely, p\u0159i nich\u017e\u00a0<\/span>zahynulo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek lid\u00ed .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Administrativa a geopoliti\u010dt\u00ed strat\u00e9gov\u00e9 sympatizuj\u00edc\u00ed s Trumpem se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u00a0<\/span>Monroeovu doktr\u00ednu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, aby ospravedlnili tuto eskalaci. Tato p\u0159ita\u017elivost v\u0161ak zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed realitu: sou\u010dasn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed Venezuely s protivn\u00edky mimo hemisf\u00e9ru, jako je Rusko, \u010c\u00edna a \u00cdr\u00e1n, nep\u0159edstavuje nevyprovokovanou agresi, ale p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou reakci na desetilet\u00ed americk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a snahy o destabilizaci.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ironi\u00ed je to do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed. Washington\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed vlivem ciz\u00edch mocnost\u00ed na americk\u00e9m dvorku, ani\u017e by si uv\u011bdomovali, jak jejich vlastn\u00ed interven\u010dn\u00ed politika dotla\u010dila Caracas pr\u00e1v\u011b k t\u011bmto dohod\u00e1m. \u010c\u00edm agresivn\u011bji Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty konfrontuj\u00ed Rusko, \u010c\u00ednu a \u00cdr\u00e1n na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, t\u00edm v\u00edce tyto mocnosti prohlubuj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci s Venezuelou. To, \u010deho se ameri\u010dt\u00ed politici ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako nov\u00e9 kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 krize, se rychle st\u00e1v\u00e1 sebenapl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm se proroctv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno ambicemi protivn\u00edk\u016f, ale p\u0159ehnan\u00fdm imperi\u00e1ln\u00edm nasazen\u00edm samotn\u00e9ho Washingtonu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anatomie americk\u00e9 intervence<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Abychom pochopili sou\u010dasn\u00e1 strategick\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed Venezuely, mus\u00edme nejprve pochopit systematickou kampa\u0148, kter\u00e1 jim p\u0159edch\u00e1zela. Od roku 2005 Washington uvalil 12 r\u016fzn\u00fdch kol\u00a0<\/span>sankc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159il jednu z nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edch kampan\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b uvaluj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>sankce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na 431 venezuelsk\u00fdch osob a subjekt\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sankce uvalily na 81\u00a0<\/span>osob<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a 46 subjekt\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011bti byly katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed. Finan\u010dn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>sankce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z roku 2017 a\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1kazy dovozu ropy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z let 2019-2020 u\u0161krtily exportn\u00ed kapacitu Venezuely, zhor\u0161ily humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed krizi a vyvolaly masov\u00fd migra\u010dn\u00ed exodus ze zem\u011b. John Bolton otev\u0159en\u011b\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159iznal,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee c\u00edlem t\u011bchto sankc\u00ed bylo co nejv\u00edce sn\u00ed\u017eit produkci PDVSA a zni\u010dit Madur\u016fv re\u017eim. Kdy\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 trhy zmizely pod hrozbou sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch sankc\u00ed, Venezuela se obr\u00e1tila na n\u00e1rody ochotn\u00e9 vzep\u0159\u00edt se americk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed hegemonii \u2013 a vytvo\u0159ila tak de facto vyva\u017eovac\u00ed koalici proti Washingtonu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Architektura protistrany<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Strategick\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 Venezuela nav\u00e1zala, vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh n\u00e1roda, kter\u00fd je st\u00e1le v\u00edce od\u0159\u00edznut od z\u00e1padn\u00edho obchodu a nucen budovat alternativn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee Rusko podepsalo v kv\u011btnu 2025 s Venezuelou komplexn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>desetilet\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed, ratifikovan\u00e9 v \u0159\u00edjnu 2025, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 350 dvoustrann\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>dohod<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o bezpe\u010dnosti, obran\u011b a technologi\u00edch. Rusk\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed letadla ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ist\u00e1vaj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Caracasu s dodate\u010dn\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi dod\u00e1vkami. V \u0159\u00edjnu 2025 Maduro\u00a0<\/span>po\u017e\u00e1dal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Rusko o pomoc s pos\u00edlen\u00edm protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, obnovou letoun\u016f Su-30 a po\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm raket.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce m\u011bla podce\u0148ovan\u00fd dopad. Teher\u00e1n poskytl pomoc s v\u00fdvojem\u00a0<\/span>technologie dron\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>pomoc<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s obch\u00e1zen\u00edm sankc\u00ed , co\u017e pomohlo Venezuele udr\u017eet si ur\u010dit\u00fd export ropy navzdory americk\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed o z\u00e1kaz. Snad nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je ekonomick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost \u010c\u00edny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm programu \u201eropa za p\u016fj\u010dky\u201c, v jeho\u017e r\u00e1mci Peking od roku 2007 poskytl\u00a0<\/span>financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v hodnot\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 68 miliard dolar\u016f . Venezuela se zavazuje dod\u00e1vat \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ropn\u00e9 korporaci minim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky v rozmez\u00ed od 230 000 do 800 000 barel\u016f v z\u00e1vislosti na cenov\u00fdch v\u00fdkyvech za \u00fa\u010delem spl\u00e1cen\u00ed dluhov\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e jen ekonomickou v\u00fdhodnost. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011brnou strategii Ruska, \u010c\u00edny a \u00cdr\u00e1nu, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je vybudovat si pozice na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli, kter\u00e9 komplikuj\u00ed americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a nut\u00ed Washington odkl\u00e1n\u011bt zdroje z euroasijsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sebevyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed spir\u00e1la<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Tato dynamika m\u00e1 hroznou logiku. Zat\u00edmco Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty stup\u0148uj\u00ed tlak na Rusko kv\u016fli Ukrajin\u011b, Peking kv\u016fli Tchaj-wanu a Teher\u00e1n kv\u016fli jeho jadern\u00e9mu programu, tyto mocnosti nach\u00e1zej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl v podpo\u0159e vl\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed americkou hegemonii. Venezuela se p\u0159edstavuje jako ide\u00e1ln\u00ed kandid\u00e1t \u2013 geograficky se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v situaci, kdy m\u016f\u017ee znepokojovat Washington, disponuje cenn\u00fdmi energetick\u00fdmi zdroji a je ji\u017e znev\u00fdhodn\u011bna americk\u00fdmi sankcemi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm agresivn\u011bji Washington glob\u00e1ln\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed kampan\u011b \u201e\u00a0<\/span>maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho\u00a0<\/span><\/a>tlaku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, t\u00edm v\u00edce motivace maj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 mocnosti k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed tlakov\u00fdch bod\u016f v tradi\u010dn\u00ed americk\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e vlivu. Ru\u0161t\u00ed strategi\u010dt\u00ed pl\u00e1nova\u010di ch\u00e1pou, \u017ee vojensk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce s Venezuelou nut\u00ed Pentagon zva\u017eovat karibsk\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e vedle evropsk\u00fdch nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed ekonomov\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee prodej venezuelsk\u00e9 ropy poskytuje energetickou bezpe\u010dnost a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed obchodu denominovan\u00e9ho v juanech. \u00cdr\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee technologick\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce s Caracasem vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eitost pro ji\u017e tak p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 americk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b ten no\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00e9mu \u00fadajn\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed Monroeovy doktr\u00edny: nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 mocnosti z\u0159izuj\u00ed vojenskou a zpravodajskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost pobl\u00ed\u017e americk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdsledek v\u0161ak nepramen\u00ed z venezuelsk\u00e9 agrese, ale z ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Washingtonu, kter\u00e1 Caracasu nedala jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e hledat alternativn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed. Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 raketov\u00e1 krize 2.0, kter\u00e9 se \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, se napl\u0148uje, proto\u017ee americk\u00e1 politika vytvo\u0159ila podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 z pohledu Venezuely \u010din\u00ed takov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj racion\u00e1ln\u00edm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pochopen\u00ed Monroeovy doktr\u00edny<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Prezident James Monroe\u00a0<\/span>formuloval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tuto doktr\u00ednu ve sv\u00e9m projevu o stavu Unie z 2. prosince 1823, v n\u011bm\u017e prohl\u00e1sil z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli za uzav\u0159enou pro budouc\u00ed evropskou kolonizaci. Od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u0161ak doktr\u00edna p\u0159edstavovala sp\u00ed\u0161e aspiraci ne\u017e schopnosti. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty postr\u00e1daly vojenskou s\u00edlu k jej\u00edmu prosazen\u00ed \u2013 Brit\u00e1nie\u00a0ji \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>prosazovala prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nadvl\u00e1dy Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva po cel\u00e9 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Britsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed George Canning navrhl spole\u010dn\u00e9 anglo-americk\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, ale ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed John Quincy Adams vznesl n\u00e1mitku s t\u00edm, \u017ee by bylo ned\u016fstojn\u00e9, kdyby Amerika vstoupila\u00a0<\/span>\u201e<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako lodi\u010dka v br\u00e1zd\u011b britsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lodi\u201c. Monroe vydal jednostrann\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Brit\u00e1nie zajistila faktick\u00e9 vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Brit\u00e1nie k tomu m\u011bla p\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fvody: jej\u00ed industrializuj\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomika pot\u0159ebovala\u00a0<\/span>trhy v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe a doktr\u00edna byla v souladu s\u00a0<\/span><\/a>neform\u00e1ln\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0britsk\u00fdm\u00a0imp\u00e9riem, kter\u00e9 si udr\u017eovalo ekonomickou dominanci, ani\u017e by neslo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 n\u00e1klady kolonialismu v Nov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e evropsk\u00e9 mocnosti poru\u0161ily tuto doktr\u00ednu, americk\u00e1 reakce odhalila jej\u00ed bezmocnost. V roce 1833 Brit\u00e1nie obsadila Falklandsk\u00e9 ostrovy \u2013 Andrew Jackson protestoval, ale\u00a0<\/span>nic<\/span><\/a>\u00a0neud\u011blal . V letech 1838\u20131850 Francie a Brit\u00e1nie\u00a0<\/span>blokovaly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Argentinu, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 akce nen\u00e1sledovala. V roce 1861 \u0160pan\u011blsko\u00a0<\/span>znovu anektovalo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Dominik\u00e1nskou republiku, zat\u00edmco Amerika bojovala v ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bylo, \u017ee Napoleon III. v roce 1862 napadl Mexiko a dosadil Maxmili\u00e1na c\u00edsa\u0159em. Washington nemohl zas\u00e1hnout a\u017e do skon\u010den\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Doktr\u00edna se na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed prom\u011bnila. Venezuelsk\u00e1 krize v letech 1902-1903 p\u0159im\u011bla Theodora Roosevelta k vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Rooseveltova\u00a0<\/span><\/a>principu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd prom\u011bnil Monroeovu doktr\u00ednu z obrann\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtu v \u00fato\u010dn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>me\u010d<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ospravedl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed americkou intervenci v cel\u00e9 Latinsk\u00e9 Americe. B\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ospravedl\u0148ovala odpor proti sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu vlivu. V 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed Reaganova verze zav\u00e1zala Ameriku k podpo\u0159e protimarxistick\u00fdch povst\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u00edm c\u00edlem byla Nikaragua.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 perverze<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Explicitn\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed Monroeovy doktr\u00edny v politice v\u016f\u010di Venezuele za Trumpa skute\u010dn\u011b znamen\u00e1 n\u00e1vrat k politice velmoc\u00ed. V b\u0159eznu 2019 tehdej\u0161\u00ed poradce pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost John Bolton prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee se Amerika v t\u00e9to administrativ\u011b neboj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt slovo\u00a0<\/span>Monroeova doktr\u00edna<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Bolton se t\u00e9to doktr\u00edny odvol\u00e1val p\u0159i diskusi o mo\u017en\u00e9 intervenci s c\u00edlem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit Madura k rezignaci. Pro CNN \u0159ekl, \u017ee Amerika se od Monroeovy doby stav\u011bla proti vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli a \u017ee je \u010das ji vzk\u0159\u00edsit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bolton formuloval doktr\u00ednu jako ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed pro odpor proti zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed do Venezuely, zejm\u00e9na ze strany Ruska, \u010c\u00edny, Kuby a \u00cdr\u00e1nu. Odkazoval na \u201etrojku tyranie\u201c Kuby, Nikaraguy a Venezuely a zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee siln\u00e1 kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost s tis\u00edci bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f ve Venezuele je n\u011bco, co Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pova\u017euj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>za nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. V dubnu 2019 Bolton \u0159ekl veter\u00e1n\u016fm z Bay of Pigs, \u017ee Monroeova doktr\u00edna je \u017eiv\u00e1 a da\u0159\u00ed se\u00a0<\/span>j\u00ed dob\u0159e<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Toto p\u0159edstavuje inverzi \u00fadajn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu doktr\u00edny. P\u016fvodn\u00ed doktr\u00edna vznikla v dob\u011b, kdy byly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty relativn\u011b slabou mocnost\u00ed s omezen\u00fdmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi ambicemi. Dne\u0161n\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed od n\u00e1roda,\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00fd udr\u017euje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 800 vojensk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 zem\u00edch a vede v\u00e1lky na v\u00edce kontinentech sou\u010dasn\u011b. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se transformovaly z republiky s omezen\u00fdmi ambicemi v zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed konzumn\u00ed imp\u00e9rium, kter\u00e9 prom\u00edt\u00e1 vojenskou s\u00edlu do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho koutu planety.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi legitimn\u00edmi a nelegitimn\u00edmi aplikacemi doktr\u00edn<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Zde spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e1 politika naprosto opom\u00edj\u00ed. Monroeova doktr\u00edna si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 legitimitu, kdy\u017e stanovuje jasn\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 linie proti skute\u010dn\u00fdm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed mocnostem mimo polokouli, jako je Rusko a \u010c\u00edna, v budov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli. To p\u0159edstavuje obhajiteln\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1jem v souladu s p\u016fvodn\u00edm obrann\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem doktr\u00edny. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 administrativa by nem\u011bla tolerovat rusk\u00e9 nebo \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na Kub\u011b, ve Venezuele nebo jinde v Americe, kter\u00e9 by mohly ohrozit americk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed nebo projektovat moc proti Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika se z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od sou\u010dasn\u00e9 univerzalistick\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky. Stanoven\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 linie proti zahrani\u010dn\u00edm vojensk\u00fdm z\u00e1kladn\u00e1m je jedna v\u011bc; \u00fasil\u00ed o komplexn\u00ed zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161krcen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed je v\u011bc zcela jin\u00e1. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje legitimn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed probl\u00e9m; druh\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje nerealistick\u00fd projekt imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed dominance, kter\u00fd systematicky podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b ty bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy, kter\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b h\u00e1j\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00edlem by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ne\u0161kodn\u00e1 hegemonie, v n\u00ed\u017e si Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty udr\u017e\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd vliv na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli, aby zabr\u00e1nily nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 respektuj\u00ed suverenitu a pravomoc latinskoamerick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f rozv\u00edjet vlastn\u00ed politick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. To znamen\u00e1 akceptovat, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v regionu se nebudou p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat americk\u00fdm preferenc\u00edm, budou usilovat o ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy s \u010c\u00ednou nebo budou udr\u017eovat diplomatick\u00e9 styky s Ruskem a \u00cdr\u00e1nem. Pokud se tyto vztahy neroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na hostov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen nebo umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed projekce moci proti Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, spadaj\u00ed do legitimn\u00ed sf\u00e9ry suver\u00e9nn\u00edho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. A co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eily svou vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost v zahrani\u010d\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm stovek zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen a n\u00e1vratem v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>170 000<\/span><\/a>\u00a0aktivn\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho mohou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vybudovat strategii n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti zam\u011b\u0159enou na ochranu hranic a ochranu n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch tras na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 politika se st\u00e1le zasek\u00e1v\u00e1 na udr\u017een\u00ed americk\u00e9ho prim\u00e1tu, a\u0165 u\u017e jsou n\u00e1sledky zatraceny. Washington usiluje o zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu a komplexn\u00ed sankce proti Venezuele ne proto, \u017ee by v Caracasu p\u016fsobily rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny \u2013 a\u010dkoli americk\u00e1 politika vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pob\u00eddky pr\u00e1v\u011b k tomuto v\u00fdsledku \u2013 ale proto, \u017ee zem\u011b disponuje obrovsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami ropy a venezuelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zpochyb\u0148uje americk\u00e9 preference a udr\u017euje vztahy s americk\u00fdmi protivn\u00edky. V\u00fdsledkem je sebezni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed spir\u00e1la, kde ekonomick\u00e1 v\u00e1lka tla\u010d\u00ed Venezuelu do n\u00e1ru\u010de Ruska, \u010c\u00edny a \u00cdr\u00e1nu a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b ty vojensk\u00e9 hrozby, kter\u00e9 by legitimn\u011b spustily akce v souladu s Monroeovou doktr\u00ednou.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud Washington bude pokra\u010dovat v t\u00e9to cest\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee brzy \u010delit geopolitick\u00e9 krizi, kterou si s\u00e1m zp\u016fsobil, a kter\u00e1 se nezrod\u00ed v Caracasu ani v Moskv\u011b, ale v z\u00e1kout\u00edch jeho vlastn\u00edch imperi\u00e1ln\u00edch ambic\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Alberto Ni\u00f1o<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

10. prosince 2025 se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee z n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch vrtuln\u00edk\u016f rychle spustili na palubu ropn\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":94641,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,2181,276,37,181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94638"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94638"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94638\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}