{"id":94243,"date":"2025-12-10T00:14:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T23:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=94243"},"modified":"2025-12-09T10:22:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T09:22:19","slug":"evropsky-parlament-zavadi-povinne-overovani-veku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/10\/evropsky-parlament-zavadi-povinne-overovani-veku\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropsk\u00fd parlament zav\u00e1d\u00ed povinn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Expert na soukrom\u00ed Michel Portier: dal\u0161\u00ed krok k totalitn\u00ed kontrole<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Evropsk\u00fd parlament 27. listopadu schv\u00e1lil povinn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. D\u011bti ve v\u011bku 13 a\u017e 16 let ji\u017e nebudou moci pou\u017e\u00edvat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia bez souhlasu rodi\u010d\u016f. Pro d\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed 13 let parlament dokonce navrhuje \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz. Podobn\u011b jako z\u00e1kon o kontrole chatu \u2013 jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je skenovat v\u0161echny zpr\u00e1vy a vyhledat materi\u00e1l obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 m\u00e1 toto opat\u0159en\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it bezpe\u010dnost internetu pro mlad\u00e9 lidi, ale kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee legislativa otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e k \u00fapln\u00e9 kontrole. \u201eVid\u00edm v\u0161echny nev\u00fdhody soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, ale jak je moje d\u011bti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, je moje v\u011bc. Tato odpov\u011bdnost by nikdy nem\u011bla n\u00e9st st\u00e1t,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 informatik Michel Portier.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nizozemsko minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc hlasovalo proti z\u00e1konu o kontrole chatu, kter\u00fd by umo\u017enil skenov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech na\u0161ich zpr\u00e1v na d\u011btskou pornografii (CSAM). Navzdory tomu Evropsk\u00e1 rada 26. listopadu z\u00e1kon v\u011bt\u0161inou hlas\u016f schv\u00e1lila. O den pozd\u011bji Evropsk\u00fd parlament schv\u00e1lil nez\u00e1vazn\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed povinn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, video platform\u00e1ch a chatbotech s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed. Parlament podporuje z\u00e1kaz t\u011bchto platforem pro d\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed 13 let. D\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed 16 let by tyto slu\u017eby mohly vyu\u017e\u00edvat pouze se souhlasem rodi\u010d\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159esn\u00fd vztah mezi z\u00e1konem o kontrole chatu a ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bku je \u201eot\u00e1zkou okam\u017eiku,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Michel Portier, informatik a p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed informatiky na Saxion University of Applied Sciences v Deventeru. Portier \u2013 kter\u00fd se ve sv\u00e9m voln\u00e9m \u010dase dlouhodob\u011b v\u011bnuje digit\u00e1ln\u00ed legislativ\u011b \u2013 str\u00e1vil cel\u00fd v\u00edkend prohled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm internetu. Jeho ot\u00e1zky zn\u011bly: Co p\u0159esn\u011b znamen\u00e1 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku? Spad\u00e1 to pod z\u00e1kon o kontrole chatu? Jak EU tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to m\u016f\u017ee zav\u00e9st, ani\u017e by naru\u0161ila na\u0161e soukrom\u00ed? Jak by vypadala technick\u00e1 implementace? A kdy by tento z\u00e1kon vstoupil v platnost? \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee na v\u0161echny tyto ot\u00e1zky st\u00e1le nena\u0161el definitivn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. V\u00ed v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u201eov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku je mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kontrola chatu, a to samo o sob\u011b je varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l\u201c a \u017ee \u201etyto \u201avoln\u00e9\u2018 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony si vz\u00e1jemn\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 velk\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. \u201eLegislativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed z\u00e1vratnou rychlost\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je v\u00e1gn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. Pokud ur\u010dit\u00fd aspekt nen\u00ed jasn\u011b definov\u00e1n, ale ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e9 dve\u0159e pro to, co by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, a pokud se to stane tak technicky \u2013 i pro m\u011b \u2013 matematicky komplikovan\u00e9: jak to pak m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat kontrolovateln\u00fdm?\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 to z\u00e1konem o kontrole chatu, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Portier. Krom\u011b skenov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v p\u0159ed jejich odesl\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 \u010d\u00edm\u017e se obch\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed end-to-end \u2013 z\u00e1kon tak\u00e9 zahrnuje povinn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. Chatovac\u00ed slu\u017eby a obchody s aplikacemi jej mus\u00ed zav\u00e9st, aby zabr\u00e1nily nezletil\u00fdm ve stahov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201erizikov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed\u201c pro grooming (budov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry se sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00famyslem). \u201eZ\u00e1kon o kontrole chatu nespecifikuje, co mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro kterou v\u011bkovou skupinu zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedeno, ale nespecifikuje jak. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se to st\u00e1v\u00e1 o n\u011bco jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e Evropsk\u00fd parlament stanovil, \u017ee d\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed 13 let by nem\u011bly m\u00edt v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k aplikac\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed a osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 16 let pouze s rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdm souhlasem. Co mi ale p\u0159ijde zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, je to, \u017ee n\u011bco ze z\u00e1kona o kontrole chatu m\u00e1 b\u00fdt specifikov\u00e1no jin\u00fdm z\u00e1konem.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

V Austr\u00e1lii toto na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vstoup\u00ed v platnost 10. prosince. Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 mlad\u0161\u00ed 16 let ji\u017e nebudou moci pou\u017e\u00edvat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia, co\u017e povede k pozastaven\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e milionu \u00fa\u010dt\u016f. Jedna z aktivistick\u00fdch skupin se n\u00e1sledn\u011b koncem minul\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce obr\u00e1tila na Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud s argumentem, \u017ee \u201ez\u00e1kon vylu\u010duje mlad\u00e9 lidi z online vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c uvedla patn\u00e1ctilet\u00e1 Macy Neylandov\u00e1, jedna z \u017ealobky\u0148. Agentu\u0159e Reuters \u0159ekla: \u201eJe to jako n\u011bco z Orwellova rom\u00e1nu\u00a0<\/span>1984<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a d\u011bs\u00ed m\u011b to.\u201c V Anglii ji\u017e mnoho webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek vy\u017eaduje ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bku \u2013 d\u016fsledek britsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o online bezpe\u010dnosti (OSA). Proto\u017ee platformy jsou podle OSA povinny chr\u00e1nit d\u011bti p\u0159ed \u201e\u0161kodliv\u00fdm obsahem\u201c, spole\u010dnosti hraj\u00ed na jistotu t\u00edm, \u017ee tento v\u00fdvoj dodr\u017euj\u00ed, a ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed se p\u0159emr\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch pokut. \u201eN\u00e1kup VPN tam masivn\u011b roste,\u201c \u0159ekl Portier s odkazem na aplikace, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed obej\u00edt m\u00edstn\u00ed legislativu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm serveru v jin\u00e9 zemi. \u201eMnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou m\u00e9n\u011b technicky zdatn\u00ed, bude muset u ur\u010dit\u00e9ho obsahu uv\u00e9st sv\u016fj v\u011bk. A pokud je to povinn\u00e9, odhal\u00edte tak\u00e9 svou identitu spolu s v\u011bkem. Anonymita na internetu je tedy u konce.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

V Anglii ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed extern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, a to nahr\u00e1n\u00edm kreditn\u00ed karty, ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho pr\u016fkazu nebo fotografie, kterou pak um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence pou\u017eije k posouzen\u00ed v\u011bku. \u201eTo ji\u017e vedlo k masivn\u00edm \u00fanik\u016fm dat,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Portier. Uk\u00e1zalo se tak\u00e9, \u017ee tyto spole\u010dnosti je relativn\u011b snadno hacknuteln\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje shroma\u017e\u010fovat nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat. EU tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u0161etrn\u00e9 k soukrom\u00ed: vlastn\u00ed aplikaci pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku, kter\u00e1 u\u017eivatel\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje nahr\u00e1t sv\u016fj cestovn\u00ed pas nebo ob\u010dansk\u00fd pr\u016fkaz a ov\u011b\u0159it ho pomoc\u00ed skenov\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 pot\u00e9 obdr\u017e\u00ed t\u0159icet\u00a0<\/span>potvrzen\u00ed o v\u011bku<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u2013 \u201el\u00edstk\u016f\u201c platn\u00fdch maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 90 dn\u00ed \u2013 kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed obej\u00edt v\u011bkov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, jako je Netflix nebo Facebook. Portier: \u201eJe pravda, \u017ee tato mo\u017enost je bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: Teoreticky je aplikace navr\u017eena tak, aby samotn\u00e1 aplikace a webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka, kterou nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edte, v\u011bd\u011bly pouze to, zda m\u00e1te ur\u010dit\u00fd v\u011bk, a nic jin\u00e9ho: \u017e\u00e1dnou identitu, \u017e\u00e1dnou polohu, nic. Tento princip se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ZKP: Zero Knowledge Proof (Proof s nulovou znalost\u00ed). To, co d\u011bl\u00e1 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed end-to-end tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm pro chatovac\u00ed aplikace \u2013 d\u016fv\u011brnost korespondence \u2013 je to, co ZKP znamen\u00e1 pro aplikace pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku: va\u0161e anonymita. Podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru by tento term\u00edn m\u011bl b\u00fdt v t\u00e9to diskusi mnohem v\u00edce zn\u00e1m\u00fd.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee tato aplikace pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku je podle Portiera zam\u00fd\u0161lena jako \u201ep\u0159echodn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze\u201c. V dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu ji m\u00e1 nahradit digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fkaz toto\u017enosti. \u201eA ZKP \u2013 kter\u00fd m\u00e1 zaru\u010dit anonymitu \u2013 nen\u00ed povinn\u00fd. To je problematick\u00e9, proto\u017ee tento digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pas obsahuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed o v\u00e1s, jako je v\u00e1\u0161 v\u011bk. Lze s n\u00edm ale propojit i chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kvalifikaci, \u0159idi\u010dsk\u00fd pr\u016fkaz \u2013 a tak d\u00e1le.\u201c Z Portierova pohledu by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt integrace centr\u00e1ln\u00edho identifika\u010dn\u00edho k\u00f3du osoby (CPI) do digit\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fkazu toto\u017enosti absolutn\u00ed nutnost\u00ed, \u201epak ale nast\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m: V praxi je to sotva pou\u017eiteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee je to sou\u010d\u00e1st mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed infrastruktury. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee na Facebooku zad\u00e1te sv\u016fj v\u011bk \u2013 jako po\u017eadavek. Facebook pak v\u00e1\u0161 v\u011bk zn\u00e1. Mus\u00ed ale tak\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it, zda je v\u00e1\u0161 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fkaz toto\u017enosti st\u00e1le platn\u00fd, a proto to kr\u00e1tce ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed u EU. I kdy\u017e je pravda, \u017ee Facebook zn\u00e1 pouze v\u00e1\u0161 v\u011bk, EU st\u00e1le v\u00ed, \u017ee jste p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161eni. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem EU o v\u00e1s nakonec v\u00ed v\u0161echno\u2026 I to je teoreticky \u0159e\u0161iteln\u00e9, ale je to tak jemn\u00e9 a technicky tak slo\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee si j\u00e1 \u2013 a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch odborn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 mysl\u00edme, \u017ee to nelze efektivn\u011b implementovat.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Portier, s\u00e1m otec t\u0159\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, pova\u017euje za alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee \u2013 stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1kona o kontrole chatu \u2013 je zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na bezpe\u010dnost d\u011bt\u00ed. \u201eJsem tak\u00e9 znepokojen\u00fd rodi\u010d. Vid\u00edm v\u0161echny nev\u00fdhody chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed. Ale jak je moje d\u011bti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, je moje v\u011bc. Tato odpov\u011bdnost nikdy nesm\u00ed n\u00e9st st\u00e1t \u2013 to by otev\u0159elo dve\u0159e do totalitn\u00edho st\u00e1tu. Dnes je to ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku, ale co kdy\u017e se z\u00edtra pou\u017eije k n\u011b\u010demu jin\u00e9mu? V tomto syst\u00e9mu, s digit\u00e1ln\u00edm identifika\u010dn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem jako kl\u00ed\u010dem, existuje ka\u017ed\u00e1 mo\u017enost propojit p\u0159\u00edstup nejen s va\u0161\u00edm v\u011bkem, ale tak\u00e9 s va\u0161\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm (viz r\u00e1me\u010dek \u2013 pozn. red.).\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Portiera bude m\u00edt ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek \u2013 to, co je zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, se stane jen atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na pro mlad\u00e9 lidi. \u201eA existuj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak to obej\u00edt.\u201c Do t\u00e9 doby m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat hodn\u011b u\u017e t\u00edm, \u017ee si nebudeme stahovat ani aplikaci pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku, ani aplikaci pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaje, jakmile budou k dispozici. \u201ePokud to hromadn\u011b odm\u00edtneme, stejn\u011b je po v\u0161em.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Portier se v\u0161ak ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem bude nakonec pohodl\u00ed. \u201ePokud tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vypr\u00e1v\u00edte lidem kolem sebe, nikdo ho nebude cht\u00edt sly\u0161et. Mnoho odborn\u00edk\u016f tak\u00e9 poukazuje na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v mainstreamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch. Ale jak\u00fd bude smysl toho v\u0161eho, pokud se to skute\u010dn\u011b zavede, uvid\u00edte lidi kolem sebe, jak to pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, a budete se muset sna\u017eit… Jakou pro v\u00e1s pak m\u00e1 va\u0161e soukrom\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>skute\u010dnou<\/span><\/em>\u00a0hodnotu? V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed o tom ani nechce p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let. Udr\u017eovat d\u011bti d\u00e1l od soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 nebude mo\u017en\u00e9, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo se prost\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201azcela norm\u00e1ln\u00edm\u2018.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Expert na soukrom\u00ed Michel Portier: dal\u0161\u00ed krok k totalitn\u00ed kontrole Evropsk\u00fd parlament 27. listopadu schv\u00e1lil…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":94244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,7359,2320,48],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94243"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94243"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94243\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}