{"id":93982,"date":"2025-12-06T06:11:52","date_gmt":"2025-12-06T05:11:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=93982"},"modified":"2025-12-06T06:11:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T05:11:52","slug":"usa-eu-se-saudskou-arabii-pomahaji-obnovit-trasu-imec-aby-vyzvaly-cinu-a-pritahly-indii-na-zapad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/12\/06\/usa-eu-se-saudskou-arabii-pomahaji-obnovit-trasu-imec-aby-vyzvaly-cinu-a-pritahly-indii-na-zapad\/","title":{"rendered":"USA\/EU se Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed obnovit trasu IMEC, aby vyzvaly \u010c\u00ednu a p\u0159it\u00e1hly Indii na z\u00e1pad"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ekonomick\u00fd koridor Indie, Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu a Evropy, obnoven\u00fd b\u011bhem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy sa\u00fadsk\u00e9ho korunn\u00edho prince ve Washingtonu, slibuje p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu od Suezsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu a od \u010c\u00edny. Odborn\u00edci varuj\u00ed, \u017ee chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed, vlastn\u00ed zelen\u00e9 dan\u011b Bruselu a region\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lky by mohly poh\u0159b\u00edt sm\u011blej\u0161\u00ed ambice projektu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eO\u017eiven\u00ed\u201c ekonomick\u00e9ho koridoru Indie, Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu a Evropy (IMEC) bylo navzdory jeho geopolitick\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm a velkolep\u00e9 r\u00e9torice podivn\u011b m\u00e1lo informov\u00e1no.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva<\/a>\u00a0sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e9ho korunn\u00edho prince Muhammada bin Salm\u00e1na (MBS)\u00a0ve Washingtonu\u00a0ve dnech 18. a\u017e 22. listopadu op\u011bt za\u0159adila tento projekt na diplomatickou agendu. Jak\u00a0<\/a>poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0Afaq Hussain (nerezidentn\u00ed seniorn\u00ed pracovn\u00edk Atlantick\u00e9 rady)\u00a0, \u201en\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva MBS v B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b by mohla o\u017eivit IMEC\u201c a definuje ji jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi Rij\u00e1dem a Washingtonem a obnoven\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed o \u201eregion\u00e1ln\u00ed propojen\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

IMEC , ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 s velkou sl\u00e1vou na summitu G20 v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed\u00a0v roce 2023<\/a>\u00a0, byla navr\u017eena jako transforma\u010dn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed trasa spojuj\u00edc\u00ed indick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy s Evropou p\u0159es Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv a\u00a0Izrael<\/a>\u00a0. Spojovala by z\u00e1padn\u00ed Indii\u00a0se SAE<\/a>\u00a0po mo\u0159i, p\u0159es Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii a Jord\u00e1nsko by\u00a0vedla po \u017eeleznici<\/a>\u00a0a p\u0159es izraelsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav Haifa by vedla\u00a0do \u0158ecka, It\u00e1lie a Francie<\/a>\u00a0. Trump ji za\u010d\u00e1tkem leto\u0161n\u00edho roku ozna\u010dil za \u201ejednu z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch obchodn\u00edch tras v historii\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Afaq Hussain shrnul logiku, kter\u00e1 se za t\u00edm skr\u00fdv\u00e1: koridor byl propagov\u00e1n jako alternativa k tras\u00e1m p\u0159es\u00a0Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0Suez<\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 se v d\u016fsledku nestability staly zraniteln\u00fdmi \u00fazk\u00fdmi body, a jako pil\u00ed\u0159 ambice Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie transformovat se v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed logistick\u00e9 centrum. Kr\u00e1tce po ozn\u00e1men\u00ed v\u0161ak\u00a0v\u00e1lka v Gaze<\/a>\u00a0zmrazila politickou anga\u017eovanost mezi Izraelem a arabsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a IMEC z\u016fstala v diplomatick\u00e9 nejistot\u011b. Nyn\u00ed je \u00fadajn\u011b zp\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1pad prezentuje IMEC jako pl\u00e1n komer\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktury. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd projekt tohoto rozsahu v\u0161ak nikdy nen\u00ed jen infrastrukturou. Ve skute\u010dnosti je to, zcela z\u0159ejm\u011b, tak\u00e9\u00a0geopolitick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj<\/a>\u00a0zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na\u00a0p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed Indie<\/a>\u00a0na z\u00e1pad, za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu do\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0\u010delit<\/a>\u00a0\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativ\u011b P\u00e1s a stezka (\u00a0BRI<\/a>\u00a0). To je dostate\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee G7 a EU to r\u00e9toricky p\u0159ijaly. Pro Evropu IMEC slibuje odolnost: krat\u0161\u00ed trasy, diverzifikovan\u00e9 toky energie a vzd\u00e1lenost od politicky citliv\u00fdch koridor\u016f. Pro Washington je koridor strategickou p\u00e1kou k pos\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed orientace Indie, ani\u017e by Dill\u00ed bylo nuceno k otev\u0159en\u00fdm alianc\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Indii a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 partnery v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu je cukr jasn\u00fd. Hessa Abdulla Al Nuaimi (asistentka v\u00fdzkumu v TRENDS Research & Advisory)\u00a0poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Indie se ji\u017e zav\u00e1zala k v\u00fdstavb\u011b hlubinn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu\u00a0ve Vadhavanu<\/a>\u00a0v hodnot\u011b 9 miliard dolar\u016f , zat\u00edmco AM Green buduje\u00a0s<\/a>\u00a0Rotterdamem koridor pro zelen\u00e1 paliva v hodnot\u011b 1 miliardy dolar\u016f. Al Nuaimi zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee Evropa st\u00e1le v\u00edce stav\u00ed Indii do pozice alternativy dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce k \u010c\u00edn\u011b, zat\u00edmco st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu vn\u00edmaj\u00ed IMEC jako zp\u016fsob, jak upevnit svou roli nepostradateln\u00fdch tranzitn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed. Podle jej\u00edch slov koridor nen\u00ed jen o propojen\u00ed, ale o \u201eodolnosti a konkurenceschopnosti v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se glob\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du\u201c. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, vize sama o sob\u011b nen\u00ed realizac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaprv\u00e9, samotn\u00e1 politika Evropsk\u00e9 unie je ji\u017e v rozporu s ekonomick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslibem koridoru. Mechanismus uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed na hranic\u00edch EU (CBAM) ve skute\u010dnosti\u00a0penalizuje<\/a>\u00a0dovoz na z\u00e1klad\u011b uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti. Indick\u00fd export zahrnuje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159epravovan\u00e9 rychleji p\u0159es IMEC by st\u00e1le mohlo b\u00fdt cenov\u011b vy\u0159azeno z evropsk\u00fdch trh\u016f. Pokud by tedy CBAM nebyl pozastaven nebo upraven, energetick\u00fd rozm\u011br koridoru by trp\u011bl politickou sabot\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ze strany samotn\u00e9ho Bruselu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Situace s financov\u00e1n\u00edm zase nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed. \u010c\u00edna zah\u00e1jila iniciativu BRI se st\u00e1tn\u00edmi bankami, suver\u00e9nn\u00edm upisov\u00e1n\u00edm a centralizovanou koordinac\u00ed. IMEC naopak nic z toho nem\u00e1. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jednotn\u00fd org\u00e1n, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura financov\u00e1n\u00ed ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky: investice jsou rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9, podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 a politicky citliv\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0v\u00fdzkumnice Wina GS Simanjuntak v \u010dl\u00e1nku pro Modern Diplomacy\u00a0: \u201eZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed chybou IMEC je, \u017ee s infrastrukturou zach\u00e1z\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b jako s geopolitick\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm, nikoli jako s ekonomickou nutnost\u00ed.\u201c Na rozd\u00edl od \u010c\u00edny, kter\u00e1 nejprve stav\u011bla a a\u017e pot\u00e9 k\u00e1zala, IMEC zah\u00e1jila \u010dinnost tiskov\u00fdmi konferencemi a doufala, \u017ee kapit\u00e1l bude n\u00e1sledovat. \u010cel\u00ed v\u0161ak finan\u010dn\u00edm\u00a0nejistot\u00e1m<\/a>\u00a0ohledn\u011b\u00a0n\u00e1klad\u016f<\/a>\u00a0a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i n\u011bkolika probl\u00e9m\u016fm. \u201ePokud nebudou vy\u0159e\u0161eny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky financov\u00e1n\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnosti a koordinace,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e Simanjuntak, IMEC z\u016fstane \u201epouhou my\u0161lenkou na pap\u00ed\u0159e\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnost by mohla b\u00fdt tich\u00fdm zabij\u00e1kem projektu. Koridor vede p\u0159es periferii Gazy, v\u00e1le\u010dnou z\u00f3nu Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. Koridor je jen tak spolehliv\u00fd, jako jeho nejslab\u0161\u00ed hranice. A IMEC m\u00e1 mnoho takov\u00fdch hranic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed integrace, \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 jako jej\u00ed modern\u00ed v\u00fdhoda, je tak\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se o n\u00ed mluv\u00ed. Elizabeth Heyesov\u00e1, technologick\u00e1 juniorsk\u00e1 spolupracovnice v Observer Research Foundation (ORF) pro Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod,\u00a0uzn\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee se diskutuje o \u201efyzick\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e\u201c, ale varuje, \u017ee interoperabilita z\u00e1vis\u00ed na harmonizaci celn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, z\u00e1kon\u016f na ochranu soukrom\u00ed a technick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d nekompatibiln\u00edmi byrokraciemi. Ve skute\u010dnosti je jedna funk\u010dn\u00ed platforma mezi Indi\u00ed a SAE slibn\u00e1, ale ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed nen\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna financovala, stav\u011bla a provozovala \u017eeleznice ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii, p\u0159\u00edstavy v Africe, d\u00e1lnice v P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a elektr\u00e1rny v cel\u00e9 jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii. Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ekonomick\u00fd koridor \u201ealternativou\u201c. Z\u00e1pad chce, aby \u010c\u00edna d\u011blala mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed najednou: znovu ukotvila Indii, ochr\u00e1nila \u010c\u00ednu, integrovala Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv, obe\u0161la Rusko, dekarbonizovala Evropu a stabilizovala Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod. To je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b hodn\u011b, co se od jedn\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati a n\u011bkolika kabel\u016f o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv je to dostate\u010dn\u011b ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed projekt, chyb\u00ed mu institucionalizace a \u010del\u00ed strategick\u00fdm a finan\u010dn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Koridor sice m\u016f\u017ee prohloubit bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed investice, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it obchod mezi Persk\u00fdm z\u00e1livem a Indi\u00ed a generovat projekty na sv\u00e9m okraji, ale je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, jak by se mohl skute\u010dn\u011b st\u00e1t syst\u00e9movou alternativou k euroasijsk\u00fdm pozemn\u00edm tras\u00e1m nebo k iniciativ\u011b \u201eJeden p\u00e1s\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lze tedy nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee IMEC je v jist\u00e9m smyslu geopolitick\u00e9 gesto maskovan\u00e9 jako logistick\u00e1 revoluce. To, abychom byli spravedliv\u00ed, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee sel\u017ee; znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee to nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nutn\u011b to, co jeho zast\u00e1nci tvrd\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt pojistka, ale nen\u00ed to n\u00e1hrada; a s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed to nen\u00ed nov\u00e1 Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekonomick\u00fd koridor Indie, Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu a Evropy, obnoven\u00fd b\u011bhem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy sa\u00fadsk\u00e9ho korunn\u00edho prince ve Washingtonu,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":93983,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,283,79,5028],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93982"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93982"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93982\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}