{"id":93418,"date":"2025-11-30T00:13:05","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T23:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=93418"},"modified":"2025-11-29T10:17:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T09:17:00","slug":"shane-quinn-narust-nerovnosti-a-klientelismu-v-zapadnich-zemich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/30\/shane-quinn-narust-nerovnosti-a-klientelismu-v-zapadnich-zemich\/","title":{"rendered":"Shane Quinn: N\u00e1r\u016fst nerovnosti a klientelismu v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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[Pozn\u00e1mka autora: N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek byl poprv\u00e9 publikov\u00e1n v GR v dubnu 2023. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se zlovoln\u00e9 politiky neoliberalismu, ideologie, kter\u00e1 s sebou nese t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed boj proti v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b obyvatelstva, zaveden\u00e9 p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 lety a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch vl\u00e1d\u00e1ch. Po po\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let se politick\u00e9 spektrum posunulo v\u00fdrazn\u011b doprava, zat\u00edmco to, co zbylo z levice, je v\u011bt\u0161inou rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 a oslaben\u00e9. \u2014Shane Quinn, 27. listopadu 2025]<\/strong><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159ech desetilet\u00edch do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu mzdov\u00e9 nerovnosti a nerovn\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed majetku, a to hlavn\u011b v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch. Souvis\u00ed to s neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9rou, kterou zah\u00e1jil americk\u00fd prezident Ronald Reagan (1981\u201389) a jeho spojenkyn\u011b v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, premi\u00e9rka Margaret Thatcherov\u00e1 (1979\u201390).<\/p>\n

Neoliberalismus v praxi znamenal rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti z\u00e1padn\u00edmi elitami. V USA existovala nerovnost p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f ji\u017e dlouho, ale b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 40 let se tam prohloubila v\u00edce ne\u017e v jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 zemi. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v roce 2013 vyd\u011blali gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9 350 americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru 11,7 milionu dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco ro\u010dn\u00ed mzda typick\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka \u010dinila 35 293 dolar\u016f. (1)<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f firem byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 800kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edjem americk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f s minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdou 7,25 dolar\u016f za hodinu. V Brit\u00e1nii nebyla situace o moc lep\u0161\u00ed. V 80. letech za vl\u00e1dy premi\u00e9rky Thatcherov\u00e9 do\u0161lo v Brit\u00e1nii k rekordn\u00ed nerovnosti, zejm\u00e9na od roku 1985, co\u017e bylo jej\u00ed nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tyto ud\u00e1losti se neomezovaly pouze na USA a Brit\u00e1nii, ale roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily se do zem\u00ed po cel\u00e9m Z\u00e1pad\u011b a dokonce i d\u00e1le. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se investice z Ameriky a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159esunuly do asijsk\u00fdch a latinskoamerick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, proto\u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti hledaly levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobu v podob\u011b pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly a bohat\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Washington podporoval fa\u0161istick\u00e9 re\u017eimy ve \u0160pan\u011blsku (Franco) a Portugalsku (Salazar) a spolupracoval s nacistick\u00fdmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky, jako byli Reinhard Gehlen, Walter Rauff a Otto Skorzeny, v r\u00e1mci studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem.<\/p>\n

Skorzeny, podplukovn\u00edk SS, trval na tom, \u017ee mu americk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady pomohly uprchnout z v\u011bzen\u00ed 27. \u010dervence 1948 v Darmstadtu v z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku (2). P\u011bt let p\u0159edt\u00edm hr\u00e1l Skorzeny hlavn\u00ed roli p\u0159i osvobozen\u00ed Mussoliniho z italsk\u00e9ho v\u011bzen\u00ed na vrcholu hory, v hotelu Campo Imperatore, m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 70 mil od \u0158\u00edma. Skorzeny se stal Hitlerov\u00fdm osobn\u00edm obl\u00edbencem, jedn\u00edm z jeho nejd\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b 29. b\u0159ezna 1945 Hitler Skorzenyho chv\u00e1lil; b\u011bhem jejich posledn\u00edho setk\u00e1n\u00ed v uveden\u00fd den Hitler zahl\u00e9dl Skorzenyho v chodb\u011b \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9ho kancl\u00e9\u0159stv\u00ed v Berl\u00edn\u011b, srde\u010dn\u011b mu pot\u0159\u00e1sl rukou a srde\u010dn\u011b mu pod\u011bkoval za jeho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u010diny. Novin\u00e1\u0159 Martin A. Lee napsal, \u017ee po v\u00e1lce \u201eCIA m\u011bla zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1jem o jeho [Skorzenyho] slu\u017eby\u201c. Brit\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci uvedli, \u017ee Skorzeny \u201epracoval pro americkou rozv\u011bdku\u201c, co\u017e zahrnovalo \u201ebudov\u00e1n\u00ed sabot\u00e1\u017en\u00ed organizace\u201c. (3)<\/p>\n

Od konce 80. let sm\u011b\u0159ovaly z\u00e1padn\u00ed investice do st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy. Tam nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed korporace z\u0159\u00eddily sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vody a tov\u00e1rny, zam\u011bstn\u00e1valy pracovn\u00edky za n\u00edzk\u00e9 mzdy a za\u010daly vyv\u00e1\u017eet na trhy sv\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u016fvodu, a\u0165 u\u017e to byla Amerika nebo Anglie. Outsourcing pr\u00e1ce a p\u0159esun v\u00fdroby m\u011bly dopad na trh pr\u00e1ce a p\u0159isp\u011bly k n\u00e1r\u016fstu nerovnosti.<\/p>\n

Tyto v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 trendy podkopaly mor\u00e1lku b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, stejn\u011b jako odbor\u016f a levicov\u00fdch stran, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly zastupovat z\u00e1jmy pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Jednou ze slabost\u00ed levice bylo jej\u00ed roz\u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed do r\u016fzn\u00fdch kategori\u00ed (socialist\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokrat\u00e9, marxist\u00e9-leninist\u00e9 atd.) a sklon levicov\u00fdch skupin k vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm spor\u016fm.<\/p>\n

V d\u016fsledku zm\u011bn ve spole\u010dnosti, \u00fatok\u016f ze strany protivn\u00edk\u016f a politick\u00fdch spor\u016f se levicov\u00e9 strany v Evrop\u011b i jinde v\u011bt\u0161inou rozpadly nebo zmizely. Mezi t\u00edm, co zbylo, nen\u00ed velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl. V roce 2009 marxistick\u00fd historik Eric Hobsbawm v rozhovoru p\u0159iznal, \u017ee \u201elevice, jak\u00e1 kdysi byla, ji\u017e neexistuje\u201c. (4)<\/p>\n

12. listopadu 1999 podepsal prezident Bill Clinton, nad\u0161en\u00fd zast\u00e1nce liberalismu a neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky, z\u00e1kon Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. C\u00edlem tohoto z\u00e1kona bylo omezit vl\u00e1dn\u00ed kontrolu nad pr\u016fmyslem a bankovnictv\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 deregulace, kter\u00e1 by pos\u00edlila postaven\u00ed soukrom\u00fdch podnik\u016f na trhu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ijet\u00edm z\u00e1kona Gramm-Leach-Bliley prezident Clinton umo\u017enil zru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona Glass-Steagall (bankovn\u00edho z\u00e1kona). Z\u00e1kon Glass-Steagall byl schv\u00e1len americk\u00fdm Kongresem v roce 1933, v dob\u011b vrchol\u00edc\u00ed Velk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize, s c\u00edlem zabr\u00e1nit bankovn\u00edm delikt\u016fm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bly k burzovn\u00edmu krachu na Wall Street v roce 1929. Alan Greenspan, kter\u00fd byl v letech 1987 a\u017e 2006 p\u0159edsedou Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rezervn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (americk\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho bankovn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu), pova\u017eoval z\u00e1kon Glass-Steagall za \u201ezastaral\u00fd a p\u0159ekonan\u00fd\u201d. Clinton s n\u00edm z\u0159ejm\u011b souhlasil.<\/p>\n

Jedna z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, Enron, m\u011bla od konce 80. let velk\u00fd vliv ve Washingtonu. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku p\u0159ij\u00edmalo finan\u010dn\u00ed dary od Enronu v\u00edce ne\u017e 250 \u010dlen\u016f americk\u00e9ho Kongresu a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjemcem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f od Enronu byl George W. Bush (5). Bush obdr\u017eel od Enronu r\u016fzn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kampan\u011b na guvern\u00e9ra Texasu v polovin\u011b 90. let a p\u0159i sv\u00e9 kandidatu\u0159e na prezidenta USA o n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

Bush byl bl\u00edzk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtelem Kennetha Laye, p\u0159edsedy a zakladatele Enronu. Lay byl v \u010dervenci 2004 americkou velkou porotou obvin\u011bn z podvodu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Enron v prosinci 2001 podal n\u00e1vrh na bankrot kv\u016fli \u00famysln\u00e9mu finan\u010dn\u00edm zneu\u017eit\u00ed. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se jednalo o nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bankrot v historii Ameriky.<\/p>\n

Mezi akcion\u00e1\u0159i Enronu byli Donald Rumsfeld, ministr obrany USA, Karl Rove, hlavn\u00ed poradce Bushe, Linda Fisher, \u00fa\u0159ednice Bushovy administrativy, Peter Fisher, n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra financ\u00ed, a Robert Zoellick, budouc\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bstek ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed za Bushe (6). Zoellick zast\u00e1val v letech 1989 a\u017e 1993 \u0159adu funkc\u00ed v prezidentsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b otce Bushe, George H. W. Bushe.<\/p>\n

Administrativa mlad\u0161\u00edho Bushe (2001\u20132009) byla ovlivn\u011bna pen\u011bzi z Wall Street. Bush pokra\u010doval tam, kde jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce Clinton skon\u010dil, a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il deregulaci na dal\u0161\u00ed sektory americk\u00e9 ekonomiky. Rizikov\u00e9 a spekulativn\u00ed aktivity realitn\u00edch makl\u00e9\u0159\u016f, podporovan\u00e9 deregulac\u00ed, se v letech 2002 a\u017e 2007 zv\u00fd\u0161ily. Neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 regulace ani kontrola toku hotovosti. Vznikly superbanky, kter\u00e9 si navz\u00e1jem pravideln\u011b p\u016fj\u010dovaly biliony dolar\u016f, a tak\u00e9 si p\u016fj\u010dovaly od centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank.<\/p>\n

Explozivn\u00ed r\u016fst finan\u010dn\u00ed bubliny nebyl neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd a v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2007 kone\u010dn\u011b za\u010dala praskat. V \u010dervenci t\u00e9ho\u017e roku zaznamenaly evropsk\u00e9 banky ztr\u00e1ty na smlouv\u00e1ch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s hypote\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fav\u011bry typu subprime (7). Nespl\u00e1cen\u00ed hypot\u00e9k signalizovalo kolaps, kter\u00fd se dotkl \u00fav\u011br\u016f pro firmy, kreditn\u00edch karet a dal\u0161\u00edch transakc\u00ed. Banky a finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce na Wall Streetu se v roce 2008 ocitly ve v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Prezident Bush se uch\u00fdlil k jejich z\u00e1chran\u011b z pen\u011bz americk\u00fdch da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f, k nelibosti velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obyvatelstva. Bush rozdal miliardy dolar\u016f z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech ani\u017e by o tom informoval Kongres (8). Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se s\u00eddlem ve Washingtonu neinformoval americk\u00fd lid o tom, kdo byli p\u0159\u00edjemci z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku. Bank\u00e9\u0159i tak\u00e9 neprozradili, kolik pen\u011bz obdr\u017eeli.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v roce 2007 \u00fadajn\u011b Lloyd Blankfein, p\u0159edseda jedn\u00e9 z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch bank (Goldman Sachs), obdr\u017eel v tom roce bonus ve v\u00fd\u0161i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 68 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco se krize prohlubovala (9). Blankfein vlastnil akcie v hodnot\u011b p\u0159es p\u016fl miliardy dolar\u016f. Finan\u010dn\u00ed kolaps v letech 2007\u20132008 podkopal \u0159\u00e1d liber\u00e1ln\u00edho Z\u00e1padu. Ovlivnil st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluhy zem\u00ed EU a NATO, co\u017e po\u0161kodilo d\u016fv\u011bru v USA.<\/p>\n

Postaven\u00ed Ameriky jako glob\u00e1ln\u00ed supervelmoci upad\u00e1 od jej\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na Ir\u00e1k (10), jeho\u017e 20. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b uplynulo. Neschopnost objevit zbran\u011b hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed (WMD), co\u017e bylo v\u017edy pochybn\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, spolu s \u00faplnou destabilizac\u00ed Ir\u00e1ku a okoln\u00edho Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu, zp\u016fsobila trval\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed reputace Washingtonu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i pohledu zp\u011bt po 20 letech se ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 invaze do Ir\u00e1ku mohla uk\u00e1zat jako zlomov\u00fd bod v americk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech, kter\u00fd znamenal p\u0159elom mezi lety \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 prosperity Washingtonu p\u0159ed rokem 2003 a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi lety rostouc\u00ed nejistoty a probl\u00e9m\u016f. Neschopnost podrobit si Ir\u00e1k vedla k erozi moci USA na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, kter\u00e1 pokra\u010duje dodnes, o \u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed vztah\u016f mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je tradi\u010dn\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm americk\u00fdm spojencem. Tyto ud\u00e1losti lze ve Washingtonu vn\u00edmat pouze s obavami.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b jsme sv\u011bdky nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a pon\u011bkud zoufal\u00fdch \u010din\u016f Ameri\u010dan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed udr\u017eet svou hegemonii a zastavit \u00fapadek, jako je vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed letadel a lod\u00ed p\u0159es mo\u0159e, kter\u00e9 om\u00fdv\u00e1 Rusko a \u010c\u00ednu, kter\u00e9 jsou jadern\u00fdmi mocnostmi a disponuj\u00ed velk\u00fdmi arm\u00e1dami. Pokud jde o \u00fatoky na plynovody Nord Stream, k nim\u017e do\u0161lo p\u0159ed \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edci, motiv a dostupn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 se na sabot\u00e1\u017ei plynovod\u016f pod\u00edleli \u2013 s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed alespo\u0148 s tichou podporou siln\u011b protirusk\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f NATO, jako je Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd motiv je velmi v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd. Kdy\u017e dojde k trestn\u00e9mu \u010dinu, dobr\u00fd policejn\u00ed detektiv obvykle hled\u00e1 motiv, tedy kdo z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu t\u011b\u017e\u00ed. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vedouc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti z vlastn\u00edch politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f nepochybn\u011b usilovaly o sabot\u00e1\u017e Nord Streamu. Prezident Joe Biden p\u0159ed etwas v\u00edce ne\u017e rokem prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 Nord Stream \u201etak \u010di onak\u201c zastav\u00ed. (11)<\/p>\n

Manipulace ze strany Washingtonu se v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edch zintenzivnila. V roce 1971 bylo v Americe 171 lobbistick\u00fdch skupin, profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch lobbist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed ovliv\u0148ovat americkou vl\u00e1du a politiky. O deset let pozd\u011bji, v roce 1981, se po\u010det lobbistick\u00fdch skupin v Americe zv\u00fd\u0161il na 2 500. V roce 2007 bylo v zemi 14 816 lobbist\u016f a jejich po\u010det z\u016fstal a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne pom\u011brn\u011b stabiln\u00ed. (12)<\/p>\n

V americk\u00e9m lobbistick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu nikdy nepanovala skute\u010dn\u00e1 transparentnost, pokud jde o to, kdo jsou lobbist\u00e9 a klienti, kolik pen\u011bz je v s\u00e1zce a na co jsou pou\u017eity. V roce 2013 vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee asi 3,2 milionu dolar\u016f z pen\u011bz lobbist\u016f bylo pou\u017eito na podpl\u00e1cen\u00ed americk\u00fdch kongresman\u016f (13). Lobbist\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed ve Washingtonu vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed legislativu za pen\u00edze, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed politik\u016fm, a proto lze USA st\u011b\u017e\u00ed nazvat demokraci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m volebn\u00edch kampan\u00ed v USA svou povahou vede politiky k p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9mu postoji v\u016f\u010di bank\u00e1m a nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edm firm\u00e1m. Tento v\u00fdvoj americk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu se je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce prohloubil s p\u00e1dem komunismu p\u0159ed t\u0159emi des\u00edtkami let, co\u017e pos\u00edlilo m\u00fdtus o \u201eamerick\u00e9 v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti\u201c. (14)<\/p>\n

Zdroje<\/h2>\n

1 \u201cCEOs at big U.S. companies paid 331 times average worker<\/a>\u201d, Inter Press Service, 16 April 2014<\/p>\n

2 Martin A. Lee, The Beast Reawakens (Routledge; 1st edition, 12 October 1999) p. 43<\/p>\n

3 Ibid.<\/p>\n

4 Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira, The World Disorder: US Hegemony, Proxy Wars, Terrorism and Humanitarian Catastrophes (Springer; 1st edition, 4 February 2019) p. 28<\/p>\n

5 Ibid., p. 31<\/p>\n

6 \u201c15 Bush officials owned Enron stock<\/a>\u201d, Irish Examiner, 12 January 2002<\/p>\n

7 Bandeira, The World Disorder, p. 32<\/p>\n

8 Ibid.<\/p>\n

9 \u201cGoldman\u2019s Blankfein collects $68 million bonus<\/a>\u201d, CNN, 21 December 2007<\/p>\n

10 Bandeira, The World Disorder, p. 35<\/p>\n

11 \u201cUkraine War: Will \u2018Nordic-Bomb\u2019 hurt America\u2019s stakes & reputation in Europe as it battles Russia?<\/a>\u201d Eurasian Times, 17 February 2023<\/p>\n

12 \u201cNumber of registered active lobbyists in the United States from 2000 to 2022<\/a>\u201d, Statista, 25 January 2023<\/p>\n

13 Bandeira, The World Disorder, p. 36<\/p>\n

14 Ibid., p. 34<\/p>\n

\n

The Rise of Inequality and Cronyism in Western Nations<\/a>\u00a0vy\u0161el 27.11.2025 na Global Reseach.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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