{"id":93392,"date":"2025-11-29T05:39:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T04:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=93392"},"modified":"2025-11-29T05:44:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T04:44:00","slug":"nova-indicko-francouzska-obranna-dohoda-de-natoizace-indo-pacifiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/29\/nova-indicko-francouzska-obranna-dohoda-de-natoizace-indo-pacifiku\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 indicko-francouzsk\u00e1 obrann\u00e1 dohoda: de-NATOizace Indo-Pacifiku?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vojensk\u00e1 dohoda mezi Indi\u00ed a Franci\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje nen\u00e1padn\u00fd, ale rozhodn\u00fd rozchod s washingtonskou indicko-pacifickou strategi\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed usiluje sp\u00ed\u0161e o technologie ne\u017e o loajalitu, relevance \u010cty\u0159\u010dlenn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f sl\u00e1bne a jejich ambice \u201easijsk\u00e9ho NATO\u201c se zmen\u0161uj\u00ed. Prosazuje se v\u00edcestrannost, nikoli rigidn\u00ed blokov\u00e1 logika.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 indicko-francouzsk\u00e1 obrann\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>dohoda<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje tich\u00fd posun v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu. Jej\u00edm r\u00e1mcem je spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj (VaV) zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na spole\u010dnou v\u00fdrobu \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 munice a technologi\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odklon Indie od pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdch americk\u00fdch slib\u016f sm\u011brem ke skute\u010dn\u00fdm francouzsk\u00fdm technologi\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e oslabuje logiku \u201easijsk\u00e9ho NATO\u201c \u010cty\u0159\u010dlenn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed paraleln\u00ed odpor\u00a0<\/span>Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u016f\u010di indicko-pacifick\u00e9mu tlaku NATO. Zat\u00edmco Trump\u016fv Washington v\u00edt\u00e1 sd\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, dohoda tak\u00e9 urychluje obrat k flexibiln\u00edm partnerstv\u00edm a odklon od blokov\u00e9 discipl\u00edny \u2013 tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc tichou de-NATOizaci \u010cty\u0159\u010dlenn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti nemohlo b\u00fdt konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Expert Usman Haider to v den\u00edku The Diplomat vyj\u00e1d\u0159il\u00a0<\/span>takto<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: indicko-francouzsk\u00e1 dohoda p\u0159\u00edmo vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z dlouh\u00e9 stagnace indicko-americk\u00e9 iniciativy pro obrann\u00e9 technologie a obchod (DTTI) \u2013 neboli jej\u00edho \u201eselh\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, jak to\u00a0<\/span>vyj\u00e1d\u0159il<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Javin Aryan, b\u00fdval\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd asistent v programu strategick\u00fdch studi\u00ed ORF . DTTI byla ozn\u00e1mena s velk\u00fdmi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi, ale krom\u011b diskus\u00ed a smyslupln\u00e9ho sd\u00edlen\u00ed technologi\u00ed nep\u0159inesla mnoho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pak p\u0159i\u0161el pohrani\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159et mezi Indi\u00ed a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v kv\u011btnu 2025\u00a0a napjat\u00e9 vztahy s\u00a0<\/span>Washingtonem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee podpora USA vypadala nejist\u011b. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e vyu\u017eila okam\u017eiku, st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b trp\u011bla odm\u00edtnut\u00edm AUKUS\u00a0<\/span>(<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kter\u00e9 ji st\u00e1lo dohodu o ponork\u00e1ch s Austr\u00e1li\u00ed), a nab\u00eddla Nov\u00e9mu Dill\u00ed skute\u010dnou spolupr\u00e1ci. V\u00fdsledkem je vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd zisk: Indie financuje spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj, aby z\u00edskala pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technologie, zat\u00edmco Francie roz\u0161i\u0159uje prodej zbran\u00ed a sv\u016fj vliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnosti Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) a francouzsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Safran ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>zalo\u017eily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0spole\u010dn\u00fd podnik na v\u00fdrobu p\u0159esn\u00fdch bomb HAMMER v Indii s pln\u00fdm transferem technologi\u00ed a pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed. V\u00fdroba se ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a pl\u00e1nuje se v\u00fdstavba nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu Safran. Dohoda, kterou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed analytici\u00a0<\/span>ozna\u010duj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0za probl\u00e9m pro P\u00e1kist\u00e1n a \u010c\u00ednu, posiluje indickou sob\u011bsta\u010dnost a obch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdvozn\u00ed kontroly, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161ovaly dohody s USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Trump\u016fv t\u00fdm, kter\u00fd uprost\u0159ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch priorit usiluje o fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed omezen\u00ed, to v\u0161e odleh\u010duje z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje. Jde o klasick\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee: \u201eEvropa\u201c p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost v regionu, kde americk\u00e9 letadlov\u00e9 lod\u011b ji\u017e tak vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem\u00a0<\/span>hl\u00eddkuj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento kalkul v\u0161ak m\u00edj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti: dohoda p\u0159esouv\u00e1 moc, nejen n\u00e1klady. Indie se nep\u0159ipojuje k bloku veden\u00e9mu USA; vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mo\u017enost odchodu. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, Washington st\u00e1le prezentuje indicko-pacifick\u00fd region jako prostor pro zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010cty\u0159strann\u00fd blok je jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem. Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed se t\u00e9to roli br\u00e1n\u00ed, jak uk\u00e1zal rok 2022 s indick\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00fd ministr obrany S\u00e9bastien Lecornu tehdy\u00a0<\/span>nav\u0161t\u00edvil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Indii, aby ji sbl\u00ed\u017eil, jeliko\u017e Kvadratov\u00e1 zem\u011b zp\u0159\u00edsnila sv\u016fj protieuroasijsk\u00fd t\u00f3n. Za Trumpovy vl\u00e1dy se toto nap\u011bt\u00ed jen vyost\u0159uje: ned\u016fv\u011bra v aliance ve stylu \u201eAmerika na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b\u201c se nyn\u00ed st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1 s jest\u0159\u00e1b\u00edmi v\u00fdzvami uvnit\u0159 Washingtonu k militarizaci Kvadratov\u00e9 zem\u011b. Pakt mezi Indi\u00ed a Franci\u00ed tento rozpor pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1 a d\u00e1v\u00e1 Nov\u00e9mu Dill\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti bilater\u00e1ln\u00edho zapojen\u00ed bez z\u00e1vazk\u016f v\u016f\u010di Kvadratov\u00e9 zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

To p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s francouzskou indicko-pacifickou strategi\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 jsem tvrdil, \u017ee je st\u00e1le v\u00edce v rozporu s postupem NATO na v\u00fdchod. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 ambice \u2013 zakotven\u00e9 v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch zbytc\u00edch, jako je Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie \u2013 se \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span>st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s c\u00edli z\u00e1padn\u00edho bloku. Francie se st\u00e1le v\u00edce prezentuje jako \u201evyva\u017eovac\u00ed mocnost\u201c prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm projekt\u016f, jako je\u00a0<\/span>Iniciativa 2050 s Indon\u00e9si\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, a spole\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch hl\u00eddek\u00a0<\/span>se Spojen\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm a It\u00e1li\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Povst\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Kanak\u016f v roce 2024 v\u0161ak\u00a0odhalilo jeho neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed rub: byly to\u00a0<\/span>smrteln\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nepokoje, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ignorovala a setkaly se sp\u00ed\u0161e s\u00a0<\/span>mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ne\u017e s \u00fastupky. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b badatel RSIS Paco Milhiet\u00a0<\/span>nal\u00e9hal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e, aby p\u0159ehodnotila svou strategii a \u0159e\u0161ila st\u00ed\u017enosti domorod\u00fdch obyvatel, aby si neodcizila tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9 partnery citliv\u00e9 na postkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed ozv\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b francouzsk\u00e1 dohoda s Indi\u00ed nen\u00ed \u010distou projekc\u00ed moci \u2013 je to strategick\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 p\u00e1ky p\u0159ed logikou \u201emini-Quad\u201c NATO. \u010cty\u0159ka poci\u0165uje dopad: Washington ji st\u00e1le prezentuje jako proti\u010d\u00ednskou frontu, ale br\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>formalizaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do \u010dehokoli podobn\u00e9ho alianci, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky indick\u00e9mu vetu. Macron\u016fv vtip z roku 2024,\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00fd blokoval kancel\u00e1\u0159 NATO v Japonsku,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nyn\u00ed zn\u00ed pravdiv\u011bji: \u201eGeografie je tvrdohlav\u00e1; Indo-Pacifik nen\u00ed Severoatlantick\u00fd.\u201c Tolik k nad\u011bj\u00edm USA na militarizovan\u00fd blok.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed rozpory s NATO sahaj\u00ed hloub\u011bji. V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b\u00a0<\/span>uzn\u00e1n\u00ed Palestiny<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v \u010dervenci 2025 \u2013 prvn\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed Palestiny st\u00e1tem G7 \u2013 otev\u0159en\u011b vzdorovalo Washingtonu. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e tak\u00e9 zak\u00e1zala izraelsk\u00fdm firm\u00e1m \u00fa\u010dast na veletrz\u00edch obrany a zpochybnila blok\u00e1dy pomoci, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>tureck\u00fd nesouhlas s NATO<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Jak na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, tak v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu nyn\u00ed Francie pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b up\u0159ednost\u0148uje nez\u00e1vislost p\u0159ed discipl\u00ednou NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indie se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 podobnou cestou: D\u017eaj\u0161ankar se br\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO, EU\u00a0<\/span>soupe\u0159\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou o vliv, zat\u00edmco\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva M\u00f3d\u00edho v Pekingu uk\u00e1zala opatrn\u00fd distanc od Washingtonu, a to navzdory \u010d\u00ednsko-indick\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed. Jak\u00a0<\/span><\/a>uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Philippe Le Corre (absolvent Asia Society)\u00a0, vztahy mezi EU a Indi\u00ed se nyn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prol\u00ednaj\u00ed s dynamikou \u010c\u00edny a tvo\u0159\u00ed \u201enov\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk\u201c vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti nov\u00e1 indicko-francouzsk\u00e1 dohoda sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem signalizuje multipolaritu v Indo-Pacifiku. Trump p\u0159esouv\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost, ale vliv USA sl\u00e1bne. \u010cty\u0159\u010dlenn\u00e1 zem\u011b sice z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, ale jej\u00ed ambice \u201easijsk\u00e9ho NATO\u201c se zmen\u0161uj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno jsem\u00a0<\/span>argumentoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Quad ztr\u00e1c\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu pod Trumpov\u00fdm tlakem \u201eAmerika na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b\u201c, proto\u017ee Washington up\u0159ednost\u0148uje z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli a tla\u010d\u00ed na spojence, aby nesli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e proti Pekingu. M\u00edsto budov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201easijsk\u00e9ho NATO\u201c USA outsourcuj\u00ed zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm AUKUS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a podobn\u00fdch dohod, zat\u00edmco partne\u0159i se st\u00e1le v\u00edce zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch a region\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem. V\u00fdsledkem je multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed indicko-pacifick\u00fd region s voln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi koalicemi, kter\u00e9 nahrazuj\u00ed americko-centrick\u00fd r\u00e1mec Quad.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto je kontext nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed indicko-francouzsk\u00e9 dohody. Indo-pacifick\u00fd region nyn\u00ed host\u00ed p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed s mnoha mo\u017enostmi, a to i uprost\u0159ed nov\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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Vojensk\u00e1 dohoda mezi Indi\u00ed a Franci\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje nen\u00e1padn\u00fd, ale rozhodn\u00fd rozchod s washingtonskou indicko-pacifickou strategi\u00ed….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":93393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,924,130,79],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93392"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93392"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93392\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}