{"id":93078,"date":"2025-11-26T00:17:29","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T23:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=93078"},"modified":"2025-11-25T10:02:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T09:02:36","slug":"sever-plocker-stalinovi-zide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/26\/sever-plocker-stalinovi-zide\/","title":{"rendered":"Sever Plocker: Stalinovi \u017did\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Nesm\u00edme zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vrah\u016f modern\u00ed doby byli \u017did\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n

Zde je jedno obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b smutn\u00e9 historick\u00e9 datum: T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ed 90 lety, mezi 19. a 20. prosincem 1917, uprost\u0159ed bol\u0161evick\u00e9 revoluce a ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, podepsal Lenin dekret, kter\u00fdm vyzval k ustaven\u00ed V\u0161erusk\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 komise pro boj s kontrarevoluc\u00ed a sabot\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako \u010ceka.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby se \u010ceka stala nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejkrut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed organizac\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. Jej\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktura se m\u011bnila ka\u017ed\u00fdch n\u011bkolik let, stejn\u011b jako jej\u00ed n\u00e1zvy: z \u010ceky na GPU, pozd\u011bji na NKVD a nakonec na KGB.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nem\u016f\u017eeme s jistotou v\u011bd\u011bt, za kolik \u00famrt\u00ed byla \u010ceka v jej\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00fdch projevech zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1, ale toto \u010d\u00edslo je jist\u011b nejm\u00e9n\u011b 20 milion\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ob\u011bt\u00ed nucen\u00e9 kolektivizace, hladu, rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch \u010distek, vyhnanstv\u00ed, deportac\u00ed, poprav a masov\u00e9 smrti v gulaz\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byly eliminov\u00e1ny cel\u00e9 vrstvy obyvatelstva: nez\u00e1visl\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i, etnick\u00e9 men\u0161iny, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci bur\u017eoazie, vysoc\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci, intelektu\u00e1lov\u00e9, um\u011blci, aktivist\u00e9 d\u011blnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed, \u201e\u010dlenov\u00e9 opozice\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed byli definov\u00e1ni zcela n\u00e1hodn\u011b, a bezpo\u010det \u010dlen\u016f samotn\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 strany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9, vysoce cen\u011bn\u00e9 knize \u201eV\u00e1lka sv\u011bta\u201c historik Niall Ferguson p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 revoluce v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva nepohltila sv\u00e9 d\u011bti se stejnou nespoutanou chut\u00ed jako sov\u011btsk\u00e1 revoluce. Ve sv\u00e9 knize o stalinsk\u00fdch \u010distk\u00e1ch Dr. Igal Halfin z Telavivsk\u00e9 univerzity p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee stalinistick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed bylo jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee bylo \u0159\u00edzeno zevnit\u0159.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lenin, Stalin a jejich n\u00e1stupci by nemohli vykonat sv\u00e9 \u010diny bez \u0161irok\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce disciplinovan\u00fdch \u201eteroristick\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f\u201c, krut\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f, pr\u00e1ska\u010d\u016f, kat\u016f, dozorc\u016f, soudc\u016f, zvrhl\u00edk\u016f a mnoha krv\u00e1cej\u00edc\u00edch srdc\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed byli \u010dleny progresivn\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed levice a byli oklam\u00e1ni sov\u011btsk\u00fdm re\u017eimem hr\u016fzy a dokonce mu poskytli ko\u0161er certifik\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161echny tyto v\u011bci jsou do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9, i kdy\u017e archivy b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu dosud nebyly pln\u011b zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny ve\u0159ejnosti. Ale kdo o tom v\u00ed? V samotn\u00e9m Rusku bylo za sv\u00e9 zlo\u010diny sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch NKVD a KGB postaveno p\u0159ed soud jen velmi m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed. Rusk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 diskuse dnes zcela ignoruje ot\u00e1zku: \u201eJak se n\u00e1m to mohlo st\u00e1t?\u201c Na rozd\u00edl od v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f se Rusov\u00e9 se svou stalinskou minulost\u00ed nevyrovnali.<\/span><\/p>\n

A my, \u017did\u00e9? Izraelsk\u00fd student dokon\u010d\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolu, ani\u017e by kdy sly\u0161el jm\u00e9no \u201eGenrikh Jagoda\u201c, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho vraha 20. stolet\u00ed, z\u00e1stupce velitele GPU a zakladatele a velitele NKVD. Jagoda sv\u011bdomit\u011b plnil Stalinovy \u200b\u200bkolektiviza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy a je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za smrt nejm\u00e9n\u011b 10 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Jeho \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed z\u00e1stupci zavedli a \u0159\u00eddili syst\u00e9m gulag\u016f. Pot\u00e9, co ho Stalin p\u0159estal vn\u00edmat p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b, byl Jagoda degradov\u00e1n a popraven a v roce 1936 jej na pozici vrchn\u00edho kata nahradil Je\u017eov, \u201ekrve\u017e\u00edzniv\u00fd trpasl\u00edk\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u017eov nebyl \u017did, ale m\u011bl \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed na aktivn\u00ed \u017eidovskou man\u017eelku. \u017didovsk\u00fd historik Sebag Montefiore ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eStalin: Dv\u016fr rud\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee b\u011bhem nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho obdob\u00ed teroru, kdy komunistick\u00fd vra\u017eedn\u00fd stroj pracoval naplno, byl Stalin obklopen kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi mlad\u00fdmi \u017eidovsk\u00fdmi \u017eenami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi Stalinov\u00fdmi bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi spolupracovn\u00edky a v\u011brn\u00fdmi spolupracovn\u00edky byl \u010dlen \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdboru a politbyra Lazar Kaganovi\u010d. Montefiore ho charakterizuje jako \u201eprvn\u00edho stalinistu\u201c a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ti, kte\u0159\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b um\u00edrali hlady, co\u017e byla krom\u011b nacistick\u00fdch hr\u016fz a Maova teroru v \u010c\u00edn\u011b bezprecedentn\u00ed trag\u00e9die v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva, Kaganovi\u010dem nepohnuli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoho \u017did\u016f prodalo svou du\u0161i \u010f\u00e1blu komunistick\u00e9 revoluce a maj\u00ed nav\u017edy krev na rukou. Zm\u00edn\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b jednoho: Leonida Reichmana, vedouc\u00edho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed NKVD a hlavn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159ovatele organizace, kter\u00fd byl obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b krut\u00fdm sadistou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1934 bylo podle zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch statistik 38,5 procenta t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zast\u00e1vali nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed posty v sov\u011btsk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch apar\u00e1tech, \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. I oni byli samoz\u0159ejm\u011b postupn\u011b eliminov\u00e1ni v r\u00e1mci dal\u0161\u00edch \u010distek. Ve fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce na konferenci Telavivsk\u00e9 univerzity Dr. Halfin popsal vlny sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho teroru jako \u201ekarneval masov\u00fdch vra\u017ed\u201c, \u201efantazii \u010distek\u201c a \u201eesianismus zla\u201c. Ukazuje se, \u017ee i \u017did\u00e9, kdy\u017e se nechaj\u00ed uchv\u00e1tit mesi\u00e1\u0161skou ideologi\u00ed, se mohou st\u00e1t velk\u00fdmi vrahy, jedni z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch, jak\u00e9 modern\u00ed d\u011bjiny znaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017did\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch komunistick\u00fdch teroristick\u00fdch apar\u00e1tech (v Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed) a kte\u0159\u00ed je ob\u010das vedli, to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ned\u011blali jako \u017did\u00e9, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jako stalinist\u00e9, komunist\u00e9 a \u201esov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed lid\u00e9\u201c. Proto je pro n\u00e1s snadn\u00e9 ignorovat jejich p\u016fvod a \u201ehr\u00e1t si na hloup\u00e9\u201c: Co s nimi m\u00e1me spole\u010dn\u00e9ho? Ale nezapom\u00ednejme na n\u011b. M\u016fj vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor je jin\u00fd. Pova\u017euji za nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9, aby n\u011bkdo byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dlena \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, kdy\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1 velk\u00e9 v\u011bci, ale nebyl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za sou\u010d\u00e1st na\u0161eho n\u00e1roda, kdy\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b opovr\u017een\u00edhodn\u00e9 v\u011bci.<\/span><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e to pop\u00edr\u00e1me, nem\u016f\u017eeme uniknout \u017eidovstv\u00ed \u201ena\u0161ich kat\u016f\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed slou\u017eili rud\u00e9mu teroru s loajalitou a oddanost\u00ed od jeho vzniku. Koneckonc\u016f, ostatn\u00ed n\u00e1m budou jejich p\u016fvod v\u017edy p\u0159ipom\u00ednat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sever Plocker<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nesm\u00edme zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vrah\u016f modern\u00ed doby byli \u017did\u00e9 Zde je jedno obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[398,239,435,92],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93078"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93078"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93078\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}