{"id":92603,"date":"2025-11-20T00:21:02","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T23:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=92603"},"modified":"2025-11-19T11:24:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T10:24:39","slug":"vedci-vidi-souvislost-mezi-bakteriemi-v-ustech-a-rakovinou-slinivky-brisni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/20\/vedci-vidi-souvislost-mezi-bakteriemi-v-ustech-a-rakovinou-slinivky-brisni\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci vid\u00ed souvislost mezi bakteriemi v \u00fastech a rakovinou slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>studie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise JAMA Oncology nazna\u010duje, \u017ee riziko rakoviny slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed lze p\u0159edv\u00eddat z jednoduch\u00e9ho testu slin. Podle studie by slo\u017een\u00ed \u00fastn\u00edho mikrobiomu \u2013 tedy to, kter\u00e9 mikroby jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny ve slin\u00e1ch \u2013 mohlo v\u00fdznamn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko vzniku jednoho z nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f rakoviny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro studii byly analyzov\u00e1ny vzorky slin od p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 122 000 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f ze dvou velk\u00fdch epidemiologick\u00fdch kohort. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci byli sledov\u00e1ni po dobu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dev\u00edti let. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby se u 445 lid\u00ed rozvinula rakovina slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci analyzovali cel\u00fd \u00fastn\u00ed mikrobiom, tedy v\u0161echny mikroorganismy v \u00fastech. V\u00fdsledek: Identifikovali 21 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch druh\u016f statisticky spojen\u00fdch s rakovinou slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Osm z t\u011bchto druh\u016f bylo spojeno s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikem a 13 s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve druh\u00e9m kroku v\u011bdci vyvinuli model rizika zalo\u017een\u00fd na celkem 27 mikrobech. Z t\u011bchto 27 druh\u016f bylo vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no sk\u00f3re, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eelo individu\u00e1ln\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rizika. Podle studie se riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s ka\u017ed\u00fdm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm o jednu jednotku v tomto sk\u00f3re ztrojn\u00e1sobilo. Hodnota p\u0159edstavuje kombinovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek v\u0161ech identifikovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f \u2013 tedy potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ochrann\u00fdch i potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u2013 a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jejich vliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vliv bakteri\u00ed, o kter\u00fdch je ji\u017e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1sn\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b mimo jin\u00e9 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia a Fusobacterium nucleatum. Tyto bakterie jsou ji\u017e dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny gingivitidy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b bakteri\u00ed byly se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem spojov\u00e1ny i n\u011bkter\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b. Pat\u0159ily mezi n\u011b Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, nespecifikovan\u00e9 druhy Candida a Malassezia globosa. Studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci s anamn\u00e9zou kou\u0159en\u00ed byli obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ohro\u017eeni, pokud byly tyto pl\u00edsn\u011b detekovateln\u00e9 v jejich \u00fastech. Cel\u00fd komplex Candida \u2013 tedy rod kvasinek jako celek \u2013 byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za problematick\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro\u010d jsou mikroby z \u00fast v\u016fbec relevantn\u00ed pro org\u00e1n, jako je slinivka b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed? Odborn\u00edci vysv\u011btluj\u00ed dva mechanismy. Zaprv\u00e9, dlouhodob\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt v \u00fastn\u00ed dutin\u011b m\u016f\u017ee uvol\u0148ovat proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 posly do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu. Chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za hnac\u00ed s\u00edlu \u0159ady onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, cukrovky, ztu\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed jater, mrtvice \u2013 a rakoviny. Zadruh\u00e9, mikroorganismy z \u00fast se mohou dostat do tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu a odtud putovat do dal\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Pokud se dostanou do slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed, mohly by tam zes\u00edlit z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 procesy, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvat k rozvoji rakoviny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parodont\u00f3za nebyla po l\u00e9ta pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u010dist\u011b lokalizovan\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Stejn\u00e9 bakterie, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed spojov\u00e1ny se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem rakoviny slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed, se objevuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bu jin\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Porphyromonas gingivalis je spojov\u00e1na s endokarditidou, kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi, n\u011bkter\u00fdmi formami artritidy (\u010dasto v kombinaci s druhy Prevotella) a dokonce i s Alzheimerovou chorobou. Fusobacterium nucleatum je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za mo\u017en\u00fd faktor chronick\u00fdch z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159ev. Druhy Parvimonas jsou pravideln\u011b detekov\u00e1ny p\u0159i infekc\u00edch p\u00e1te\u0159e. Candida albicans je zase po l\u00e9ta diskutov\u00e1na jako rizikov\u00fd faktor pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy rakoviny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed rizikovou souvislost, ale neprokazuj\u00ed kauzalitu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, data nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed vzorce se vyskytuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji u lid\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch pozd\u011bji vznikne rakovina slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed. Nedokazuj\u00ed v\u0161ak, \u017ee tyto bakterie rakovinu p\u0159\u00edmo zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bez ohledu na to, zubn\u00ed a chirurgi\u010dt\u00ed odborn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed br\u00e1t \u00fastn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011bji \u2013 nejen proto, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1sn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 proto, aby se potenci\u00e1ln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila rizika syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f kart\u00e1\u010dkem, denn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zubn\u00ed nit\u00ed a pravideln\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jazyka. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k naru\u0161en\u00ed plaku d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e \u201edozraje\u201c. \u010cerstv\u00fd plak je m\u011bkk\u00fd, ale \u010dasem tvrdne usazov\u00e1n\u00edm miner\u00e1l\u016f. Zral\u00fd, ztvrdl\u00fd plak (zubn\u00ed k\u00e1men) je \u017eivnou p\u016fdou pr\u00e1v\u011b pro ty agresivn\u00ed bakterie spojen\u00e9 se z\u00e1n\u011btem parodontu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem je bari\u00e9rov\u00e1 funkce v \u00fastn\u00ed dutin\u011b. Odborn\u00edci st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji poukazuj\u00ed na produkty, kter\u00e9 prim\u00e1rn\u011b nehub\u00ed v\u0161echny bakterie, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed fyzick\u00fd ochrann\u00fd film na zubech a sliznic\u00edch. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b \u00fastn\u00ed vody obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed kyselinu hyaluronovou a filmotvorn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jako je pullulan nebo polyvinylpyrrolidon. Tyto l\u00e1tky se mohou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b v\u00e1zat a vytv\u00e1\u0159et jakousi s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 zt\u011b\u017euje p\u0159ilnut\u00ed a zr\u00e1n\u00ed plaku. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee zat\u00edmco b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed vody redukuj\u00ed bakterie, mohou tak\u00e9 ni\u010dit prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 bakterie v \u00fastech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b mechanick\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hraje roli i \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. Kou\u0159en\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jasn\u00fd rizikov\u00fd faktor pro z\u00e1n\u011bt d\u00e1sn\u00ed a m\u011bn\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu v \u00fastech, \u010d\u00edm\u017e podporuje proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 bakterie. Strava bohat\u00e1 na vl\u00e1kninu, dostatek zdroj\u016f b\u00edlkovin (rostlinn\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody), fermentovan\u00e9 potraviny jako jogurt a s\u00fdr a celkov\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem cukru jsou na druhou stranu spojeny se stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1n\u011btlivou \u00fastn\u00ed fl\u00f3rou. V t\u00e9to souvislosti se diskutuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bprobiotika.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie zvy\u0161uje o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b budouc\u00edch preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pokud by se tato korelace potvrdila a zp\u0159esnila, jednoduch\u00fd test slin by mohl pomoci identifikovat osoby s obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00fdm rizikem rakoviny slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve \u2013 dlouho p\u0159ed objeven\u00edm prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je rakovina slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed \u010dasto odhalena a\u017e v pozdn\u00edch st\u00e1di\u00edch a pot\u00e9 m\u00e1 velmi \u0161patnou progn\u00f3zu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do t\u00e9 doby z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed poselstv\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f relativn\u011b praktick\u00e9: \u00fastn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed je zdrav\u00edm celkov\u00fdm. Prevence z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00e1sn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nejen chr\u00e1nit zuby a \u010delistn\u00ed kosti, ale tak\u00e9 sni\u017eovat chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly v t\u011ble \u2013 a t\u00edm i potenci\u00e1ln\u011b riziko z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1\u00a0studie\u00a0publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise JAMA Oncology nazna\u010duje, \u017ee riziko rakoviny slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed lze p\u0159edv\u00eddat z jednoduch\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":92604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[6032,1366,10110,839,9152,1561],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92603"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92603"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92603\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}