{"id":91984,"date":"2025-11-12T00:11:58","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T23:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=91984"},"modified":"2025-11-11T08:10:11","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T07:10:11","slug":"mytus-o-americkem-mirotvornem-usili-proc-se-washingtonske-zprostredkovani-v-zapadni-asii-neustale-hrouti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/12\/mytus-o-americkem-mirotvornem-usili-proc-se-washingtonske-zprostredkovani-v-zapadni-asii-neustale-hrouti\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fdtus o americk\u00e9m m\u00edrotvorn\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed: Pro\u010d se washingtonsk\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii neust\u00e1le hrout\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Iluze americk\u00e9 neutrality v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii se rozpad\u00e1, proto\u017ee washingtonsk\u00e9 aliance a n\u00e1tlakov\u00e1 diplomacie opakovan\u011b sabotuj\u00ed m\u00edr v cel\u00e9m regionu.<\/h4>\n

USA se dlouhodob\u011b prezentuj\u00ed jako garant m\u00edru a stability v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii, zat\u00edmco oboj\u00ed systematicky podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Od dohod z Osla a\u017e po\u00a0<\/span>Abrahamovy dohody<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, takzvan\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy Washingtonu maskuj\u00ed n\u00e1tlak jako konsensus.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto \u00fasil\u00ed soustavn\u011b posiluje region\u00e1ln\u00ed status quo, up\u0159ednost\u0148uje izraelskou bezpe\u010dnost p\u0159ed palestinskou suverenitou a udr\u017euje z\u00e1padn\u00ed hegemonii p\u0159ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed autonomi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zhroucen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Gaze podporovan\u00e9ho USA, kter\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>bylo b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed poru\u0161eno<\/span><\/a>\u00a0obnovenou izraelskou agres\u00ed, odhaluje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed nedostatky tohoto diplomatick\u00e9ho modelu. Washington sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby se zasazoval o m\u00edr, slou\u017e\u00ed jako ten, kdo konflikt umo\u017e\u0148uje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho diplomacie se op\u00edr\u00e1 o selektivn\u00ed mor\u00e1lku a strategick\u00fd z\u00e1jem, nikoli o univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed principy. Americk\u00e9 trv\u00e1n\u00ed na zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 aktivn\u00ed dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob vojensk\u00e9 techniky Tel Avivu se vysm\u00edv\u00e1 jeho takzvan\u00e9 neutralit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00fd dopis \u00cdr\u00e1nu, \u010c\u00edny a Ruska gener\u00e1ln\u00edmu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>tajemn\u00edkovi OSN,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v n\u011bm\u017e odm\u00edt\u00e1 pokus Washingtonu o\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>znovuaktivaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zastaral\u00e9ho mechanismu \u201e\u00a0<\/span>snapback<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c podle\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>rezoluce 2231,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u00e1le odhaluje rozpory mezi z\u00e1padn\u00edmi mocnostmi a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed legitimitou.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mechanismus, kter\u00fd byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho komplexn\u00edho ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu (JCPOA) z roku 2015, form\u00e1ln\u011b vypr\u0161el 18. \u0159\u00edjna 2025. USA a jejich\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>evrop\u0161t\u00ed partne\u0159i<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed o\u017eivit sankce prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edho n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00fd je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za neplatn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teher\u00e1nsk\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed tohoto kroku, podporovan\u00e9 Moskvou a Pekingem, signalizuje kolektivn\u00ed odm\u00edtnut\u00ed nechat Washington jednostrann\u011b interpretovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. Mluv\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Lin Jian\u00a0 v srpnu\u00a0<\/span>potvrdil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u201e\u010c\u00edna znovu potvrzuje sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek k m\u00edrov\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a stav\u00ed se proti uplatn\u011bn\u00ed mechanismu \u201aodkladu\u2018 Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho slova odr\u00e1\u017eela \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed v cel\u00e9m glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihu, \u017ee legitimita se ji\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee diktovat v\u016fl\u00ed Washingtonu. P\u0159ed patn\u00e1cti lety se Peking a Moskva p\u0159ipojily k z\u00e1padn\u00edm mocnostem a uvalily na \u00cdr\u00e1n sankce; dnes stoj\u00ed po boku Teher\u00e1nu a otev\u0159en\u011b se vzp\u00edraj\u00ed stejn\u00e9mu r\u00e1mci.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b sv\u011bta se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 z unipol\u00e1rn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho Washingtonem na multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d definovan\u00fd odporem v\u016f\u010di jeho dominanci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 multipolarita a konec americk\u00e9 centrality<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nikde nen\u00ed eroze americk\u00e9 dominance viditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii. Sdru\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie (\u00a0<\/span>ASEAN<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), kdysi koncipovan\u00e9 jako neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed blok studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, se vyvinulo v robustn\u00ed a sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd motor. Jak uvedl den\u00edk\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Japan News<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0v b\u0159eznu 2024, kombinovan\u00fd HDP ASEAN nyn\u00ed konkuruje japonsk\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co Washington v roce 2017 odstoupil z Transpacifick\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed (TPP), se region sjednotil kolem Region\u00e1ln\u00edho komplexn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed (RCEP) veden\u00e9ho \u010c\u00ednou. P\u0159ipojili se k n\u011bmu i tradi\u010dn\u00ed spojenci USA. Jak tvrd\u00ed profesor Amitav Acharya v knize \u201eKonec americk\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du\u201c, to, co se objevuje, nen\u00ed protiz\u00e1padn\u00ed, ale postz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u2013 sv\u011bt, v n\u011bm\u017e si regiony st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u0159\u00edd\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Trumpova ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie zd\u016fraznila rostouc\u00ed bezv\u00fdznamnost Washingtonu v regionu, kter\u00e9mu kdysi dominoval.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington se v\u0161ak nad\u00e1le chov\u00e1, jako by \u00e9ra po studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce nikdy neskon\u010dila. Jeho diplomat\u00e9 st\u00e1le mluv\u00ed jazykem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>\u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na pravidlech<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, i kdy\u017e jeho \u010diny poru\u0161uj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b ty normy, kter\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b dodr\u017euje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokus o zneu\u017eit\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mechanismu \u201esnapback\u201c odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed USA v Gaze: mediaci, kter\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vynucuje kontrolu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e podporuje kompromis. Kdy\u017e USA vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed ke zdr\u017eenlivosti, ale dopl\u0148uj\u00ed Izrael zbran\u011bmi s rostouc\u00edmi civiln\u00edmi ob\u011b\u0165mi, jejich mor\u00e1ln\u00ed autorita se hrout\u00ed pod vlivem vlastn\u00edch rozpor\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak kdysi poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fd americk\u00fd diplomat Chas Freeman\u00a0\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTeorie n\u00e1tlaku a pl\u00e1ny na pou\u017eit\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f k vnucen\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed v\u016fle jin\u00fdm n\u00e1rod\u016fm bohu\u017eel na n\u011bjakou dobu vytla\u010dily v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed diplomacie jako alternativy k pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly. Diplomacie je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen \u0159\u00edkat \u201ahodn\u00fd pejsek\u2018, dokud nenajdete k\u00e1men\u2026 Zbran\u011bmi diplomat\u016f jsou slova a jejich silou je jejich p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010divost.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Tento p\u0159echod od p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed k tlaku sn\u00ed\u017eil d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost Washingtonu. Americk\u00e1 diplomacie se st\u00e1le v\u00edce podob\u00e1 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed strategie Pentagonu \u2013 vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podlo\u017een\u00e9 bombami, nikoli principy.<\/span><\/p>\n

A to se neomezuje pouze na Gazu nebo \u00cdr\u00e1n. Od\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Venezuely<\/span><\/a>\u00a0po Severn\u00ed Koreu, od\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>S\u00fdrie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0po \u010c\u00ednu, diplomatick\u00e1 strategie Washingtonu se op\u00edr\u00e1 o hrozby, sankce a vojensk\u00e9 p\u00f3zy. M\u00fdtus o m\u011bkk\u00e9 s\u00edle se rozplynul pod t\u00edhou desetilet\u00ed ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kulturn\u00ed a filozofick\u00fd rozpor<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed liberalismus, historicky prezentovan\u00fd jako univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro pokrok, selh\u00e1v\u00e1 v regionech, jako je z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie, kde jsou v\u00edra a spravedlnost propojeny. Jak p\u0159ipustil i\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Francis Fukuyama<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 americk\u00fd politolog, nejv\u00edce zn\u00e1m\u00fd pro prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span>konce d\u011bjin<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c na konci studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u2013 liberalismus nen\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed volbou. Pro \u00cdr\u00e1n a velkou \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie nelze m\u00edr redukovat na absenci v\u00e1lky ani si jej koupit ekonomick\u00fdmi pob\u00eddkami. Mus\u00ed pramenit ze spravedlnosti, d\u016fstojnosti a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto je slep\u00e9 m\u00edsto ka\u017ed\u00e9 dohody zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9 USA: nepochopen\u00ed toho, \u017ee suverenitu a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed legitimitu nelze vyjednat. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce Washington tla\u010d\u00ed na region\u00e1ln\u00ed akt\u00e9ry, aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobili, t\u00edm v\u00edce se odpor upev\u0148uje v kolektivn\u00ed identitu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Teher\u00e1nsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tuto novou realitu. M\u00edsto impulzivn\u00ed reakce na z\u00e1padn\u00ed provokace \u00cdr\u00e1n zaujal\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>hybridn\u00ed postoj<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed strategick\u00e9 odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se selektivn\u00ed diplomaci\u00ed. Jeho partnerstv\u00ed s Moskvou a Pekingem nen\u00ed spojenectv\u00edm z rozumu, ale z p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed \u2013 sd\u00edlen\u00fdm odm\u00edtnut\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, kde se moc maskuje jako princip.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u00e1vaznosti na ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lu Teher\u00e1n prohloubil spolupr\u00e1ci v oblasti energetiky a dopravy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>severoji\u017en\u00edho koridoru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a z\u00e1rove\u0148 udr\u017eoval kalibrovan\u00fd dialog s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi st\u00e1ty usiluj\u00edc\u00edmi o stabilitu i mimo americkou podporu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 diplomacie<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch desetilet\u00ed ji\u017e \u00cdr\u00e1n nen\u00ed izolovan\u00fd. Nyn\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 region\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 partnerstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy ne\u017e asymetrick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti. Od Ir\u00e1ku po St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii se Teher\u00e1nsk\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost stala modelem pro postz\u00e1padn\u00ed anga\u017eovanost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Gaze slou\u017e\u00ed jako pochmurn\u00e9 zrcadlo diplomatick\u00e9ho \u00fapadku Washingtonu. Do 48 hodin od jeho vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>izraelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lety<\/span><\/a>\u00a0obnovily pod z\u00e1minkou \u201epreventivn\u00ed obrany\u201c a B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm reagoval ml\u010den\u00edm. Pro arabsk\u00fd a muslimsk\u00fd sv\u011bt je toto ml\u010den\u00ed ohlu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed a neklamn\u00fdm potvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee americk\u00e1 mediace m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zvl\u00e1dat n\u00e1sil\u00ed, nikoli ho ukon\u010dit.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00fdtus o z\u00e1padn\u00edm m\u00edrotvorci p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1, proto\u017ee slou\u017eil ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m: Washingtonu nab\u00edzel mor\u00e1ln\u00ed legitimitu a m\u00edstn\u00edm elit\u00e1m z\u00e1minku k ne\u010dinnosti. Tento m\u00fdtus se v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed hrout\u00ed pod t\u00edhou sv\u00fdch rozpor\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt rozd\u011blen\u00fd mezi mor\u00e1ln\u00edm odporem a strategick\u00fdm cynismem nelze sm\u00ed\u0159it jazykem \u201erovnov\u00e1hy\u201c. Vy\u017eaduje nov\u00fd mor\u00e1ln\u00ed slovn\u00edk \u2013 takov\u00fd, kter\u00fd uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 moc, ale pod\u0159izuje ji spravedlnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Selh\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 mediace v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii proto nen\u00ed taktick\u00e9, ale existenci\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pramen\u00ed ze sv\u011bton\u00e1zoru, kter\u00fd si plete kontrolu s \u0159\u00e1dem a vliv s m\u00edrem. Dokud Washington nep\u0159ijme, \u017ee m\u00edr nelze nastolit dominanc\u00ed, jeho diplomacie z\u016fstane t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm v\u017edy byla: vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm imp\u00e9ria s jeho vlastn\u00edmi iluzemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peiman Salehi<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Iluze americk\u00e9 neutrality v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii se rozpad\u00e1, proto\u017ee washingtonsk\u00e9 aliance a n\u00e1tlakov\u00e1 diplomacie opakovan\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":91985,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2656,760,295,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91984"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91984"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91984\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}