{"id":91722,"date":"2025-11-08T00:25:27","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T23:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=91722"},"modified":"2025-11-07T13:22:41","modified_gmt":"2025-11-07T12:22:41","slug":"tricet-pet-let-od-sjednoceni-nemecka-potvrdily-se-obavy-thatcherove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/08\/tricet-pet-let-od-sjednoceni-nemecka-potvrdily-se-obavy-thatcherove\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159icet p\u011bt let od sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka: potvrdily se obavy Thatcherov\u00e9?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\u010cesk\u00e9 parlamentn\u00ed volby, kter\u00e9 se konaly na za\u010d\u00e1tku leto\u0161n\u00edho \u0159\u00edjna, byly p\u0159irozen\u011b hlavn\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed politickou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed roku. Nen\u00ed se tedy \u010demu divit, \u017ee zcela p\u0159ekryly jedno velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed: 3. \u0159\u00edjna uplynulo t\u0159icet p\u011bt let od sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka. Zkusme se proto k\u00a0t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti vr\u00e1tit, p\u0159ipomenout si jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam a zamyslet se nad t\u00edm, zda se obavy n\u011bkter\u00fdch tehdej\u0161\u00edch politik\u016f po zku\u0161enosti v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159\u00ed desetilet\u00ed se sjednocen\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem naplnily, \u010di se uk\u00e1zaly jako p\u0159ehnan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
3. \u0159\u00edjna 1990 se stalo p\u011bt v\u00fdchodon\u011bmeck\u00fdch zem\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed N\u011bmeck\u00e9 spolkov\u00e9 republiky. A\u010d ji\u017e 9. listopadu 1989 padla Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ze\u010f a s\u00a0p\u00e1dem tohoto symbolu rozd\u011blen\u00ed nastal spont\u00e1nn\u00ed (a realisticky vid\u011bno asi i nevyhnuteln\u00fd) proces sjednocov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledkem byl k\u00a01. \u010dervenci 1990 vznik m\u011bnov\u00e9, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed unie z\u00e1padn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti N\u011bmecka, form\u00e1ln\u011b vznikla jednotn\u00e1 N\u011bmeck\u00e1 spolkov\u00e1 republika a\u017e 3. \u0159\u00edjna 1990.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka, kter\u00e9 si tolik p\u0159\u00e1l tehdej\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fd kancl\u00e9\u0159 Helmut Kohl s\u00a0podporou americk\u00e9ho prezidenta George Bushe, byl v\u00fdsledkem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch velmoc\u00ed: USA, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, Francie, It\u00e1lie a Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu veden\u00fdch sv\u00fdmi tehdej\u0161\u00edmi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi politick\u00fdmi reprezentanty Bushem, Thatcherovou, Mitterrandem, Andreottim a Gorba\u010dovem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Margaret Thatcherov\u00e1 se vzniku velk\u00e9ho sjednocen\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka uprost\u0159ed Evropy ob\u00e1vala. Varovala, \u017ee \u201eN\u011bmci maj\u00ed siln\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed temperament, se kter\u00fdm hledaj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 v\u016fdcovstv\u00ed\u201c. Na sch\u016fzce s\u00a0historiky a sv\u00fdmi poradci (tzv. Semin\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0Chequers v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 1990) trvala na tom, \u017ee \u201edva evropsk\u00e9 konflikty vznikly vinou N\u011bmecka\u201c a \u017ee \u201en\u011bmeck\u00e9 sjednocen\u00ed ohroz\u00ed evropskou rovnov\u00e1hu sil a m\u016f\u017ee destabilizovat Evropu\u201c. Na t\u00e9to sch\u016fzce m\u011bla pr\u00fd tak\u00e9 pron\u00e9st onu posl\u00e9ze \u010dasto citovanou ironickou pozn\u00e1mku o tom, \u017ee \u201emilujeme N\u011bmecko natolik, \u017ee si p\u0159ejeme, aby jich bylo hned n\u011bkolik\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Thatcherov\u00e1 se sna\u017eila na svoji stranu z\u00edskat i v\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00edho francouzsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Mitterranda, kter\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovala o nutnosti brzdit proces sjednocen\u00ed. Mitterrand se sice obnoven\u00ed velk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka na z\u00e1klad\u011b francouzsk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti tak\u00e9 ob\u00e1val, na rozd\u00edl od Thatcherov\u00e9 v\u0161ak vid\u011bl v\u00fdchodisko v\u00a0prohlouben\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 integrace, ke kter\u00e9 byl rozhodnut sjednocen\u00e9 N\u011bmecko \u201ep\u0159iv\u00e1zat\u201c. V\u00fdsledkem tohoto procesu byla Maastrichtsk\u00e1 smlouva se v\u0161emi sv\u00fdmi neblah\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky pro budouc\u00ed evropskou unifikaci.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Gorba\u010dov naivn\u011b v\u011b\u0159il ve vznik \u201enov\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e\u201c, proto kladl sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka minim\u00e1ln\u00ed odpor. Kohl a cel\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 delegace byli pr\u00fd dokonce p\u0159ekvapeni \u201em\u011bkkost\u00ed\u201c Sov\u011bt\u016f, nebo\u0165 byli p\u0159ipraveni zaplatit daleko vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky Sov\u011bt\u016f na od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, ne\u017e kter\u00e9 nakonec Gorba\u010dov uplatnil. Tomu \u0161lo nejv\u00edce o zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO na v\u00fdchod. Proto se spokojil s\u00a0\u00fastn\u00edm slibem tehdej\u0161\u00edho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka NATO Manfreda W\u00f6rnera, \u017ee se sice v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st N\u011bmecka v\u00a0r\u00e1mci spole\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu stane \u010dlenem NATO, ale tato vojensk\u00e1 organizace \u201eu\u017e se potom neroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na v\u00fdchod ani o p\u00ed\u010f\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Sjednocen\u00edm N\u011bmecka se tak v\u00a0roce 1990 znovu na map\u011b Evropy objevil jednotn\u00fd mocn\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd byl ve sv\u00e9 historii po cel\u00fdch p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch sto pades\u00e1t let zdrojem evropsk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou dvou ohromn\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch konflikt\u016f. D\u016fsledky jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u011bmeck\u00e9 sjednocen\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnilo a fakticky ur\u010dilo sm\u011br dal\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 integrace a posl\u00e9ze i unifikace;<\/div>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bushova p\u0159edstava, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 ambice velk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka budou \u201ezkroceny\u201c \u010dlenstv\u00edm v\u00a0NATO, se nenaplnily. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 sjednocen\u00ed se pro Severoatlantickou alianci stalo vzorem, podle kter\u00e9ho se v\u00a0n\u011bkolika n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch vln\u00e1ch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na v\u00fdchod. Jej\u00edmi \u010dleny \u00a0se staly mnoh\u00e9 zem\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9 Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy a dokonce nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 pobaltsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty;<\/div>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Slab\u00e9 jelcinovsk\u00e9 Rusko se tomuto v\u00fdvoji podrobilo, a\u010d ji\u017e p\u0159i p\u0159ijet\u00ed pobaltsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f do NATO protestovalo proti \u201ez\u00e1sadn\u00edmu naru\u0161en\u00ed sf\u00e9ry vlivu\u201c;<\/div>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00a0roce 2008 v\u00a0Bukure\u0161ti za\u010dal Z\u00e1pad v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b otev\u0159en\u011b a v\u016f\u010di Rusku dokonce provokativn\u011b vyb\u00edzet Ukrajinu ke \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0NATO (zde je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nesouhlas tehdej\u0161\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho prezidenta V\u00e1clava Klause s\u00a0touto strategi\u00ed, kter\u00fd na summitu prosazoval). Ve sv\u00e9m vystoupen\u00ed pak v\u00a0Bukure\u0161ti Putin potvrdil, \u017ee \u201etakov\u00fd krok by byl pro Rusko nep\u0159ijateln\u00fd a Rusko by jej pova\u017eovalo za ohro\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c. Jak to v\u0161e dopadlo, vid\u00edme nejen v\u00a0trag\u00e9dii prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee Rusov\u00e9 Z\u00e1padem dan\u00e9mu slovu nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Ani evropsk\u00e1 integrace, jak si myslel Mitterand, ani \u010dlenstv\u00ed v\u00a0NATO sjednocen\u00e9 N\u011bmecko \u201enezkrotily\u201c. Svoj\u00ed politickou i hospod\u00e1\u0159skou silou se t\u00e9to zemi poda\u0159ilo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm instituc\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie vnutit evropsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm n\u011bmeck\u00e9 kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. Evropsk\u00fd Green Deal m\u00e1 ideov\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 politice. Merkelov\u00e9 N\u011bmecko otev\u0159elo stavidla masov\u00e9 migraci, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed strukturu evropsk\u00e9 populace i kulturn\u00ed r\u00e1mce, ve kter\u00fdch se Evropa po dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed vyv\u00edjela. Dne\u0161n\u00ed Merzovo N\u011bmecko se netaj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi vyzbrojovac\u00edmi ambicemi. Sv\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm po znovuvytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201enejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1dy v\u00a0Evrop\u011b\u201c by n\u00e1m m\u011blo p\u0159ipomenout trpkou evropskou v\u00e1le\u010dnou zku\u0161enost s\u00a0touto mocnost\u00ed. I proto, \u017ee se dnes podobn\u011b jako kdysi, N\u011bmecko nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch a spole\u010densk\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Ke sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka sice do\u0161lo, rozd\u00edly mezi v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed N\u011bmecka jsou ale i p\u0159es letit\u00e9 gigantick\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed transfery ze z\u00e1padu na v\u00fdchod N\u011bmecka propastn\u00e9, o \u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i volebn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0obou \u010d\u00e1stech zem\u011b. \u201eVelk\u00e9\u201c N\u011bmecko je dnes hospod\u00e1\u0159sky, spole\u010densky, soci\u00e1ln\u011b a politicky vnit\u0159n\u011b nestabiln\u00ed zem\u00ed, p\u0159esto zem\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed evropskou politiku. Kombinace t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm zdrojem nap\u011bt\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed evropskou rovnov\u00e1hu sil. Obez\u0159etnost a opatrnost, s\u00a0jak\u00fdmi p\u0159istupovala p\u0159ed on\u011bmi t\u0159iceti p\u011bti lety britsk\u00e1 premi\u00e9rka Thatcherov\u00e1 ke sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka, tak byly na m\u00edst\u011b a uk\u00e1zaly opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost jej\u00edch obav.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\u010cesk\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika (existuje-li v\u016fbec n\u011bjak\u00e1), podobn\u011b jako politika dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, je dnes p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hypnotizov\u00e1na konfliktem mezi Ukrajinou a Ruskem, ale mo\u017en\u00e9ho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9 se soused na na\u0161ich z\u00e1padn\u00edch hranic\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee pro celou Evropu snadno a rychle prom\u011bnit, si dostate\u010dn\u011b pe\u010dliv\u011b (a ve sv\u011btle sv\u00fdch historick\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed) nev\u0161\u00edm\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
A to by mohla b\u00fdt osudov\u00e1 chyba!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Ivo Strej\u010dek<\/a>, 5. listopadu 2025<\/em><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cesk\u00e9 parlamentn\u00ed volby, kter\u00e9 se konaly na za\u010d\u00e1tku leto\u0161n\u00edho \u0159\u00edjna, byly p\u0159irozen\u011b hlavn\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed politickou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":91723,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1503,84,122,2962],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91722"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91722\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}