{"id":91686,"date":"2025-11-08T00:11:24","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T23:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=91686"},"modified":"2025-11-07T07:50:05","modified_gmt":"2025-11-07T06:50:05","slug":"byvaly-viceprezident-banky-brics-odhaluje-pravdu-o-zapadnich-sankcich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/08\/byvaly-viceprezident-banky-brics-odhaluje-pravdu-o-zapadnich-sankcich\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fdval\u00fd viceprezident banky BRICS odhaluje pravdu o z\u00e1padn\u00edch sankc\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Paulo Nogueira Batista Jr.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, renomovan\u00fd brazilsk\u00fd ekonom a b\u00fdval\u00fd viceprezident Nov\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 banky (NDB) v letech 2015 a\u017e 2017, poskytuje v exkluzivn\u00edm rozhovoru pro kan\u00e1l \u201eThink BRICS\u201c hlubok\u00fd vhled do v\u00fdzev, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jako spoluzakladatel NDB a b\u00fdval\u00fd v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel pro Braz\u00edlii v Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011bnov\u00e9m fondu (MMF) v letech 2007 a\u017e 2015 Batista kritizuje pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dominanci z\u00e1padn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a zast\u00e1v\u00e1 se odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch alternativ.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Diskuse, kterou moderuje Anastasia, se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u00e9maty, jako je dedolarizace, sankce a pot\u0159eba nov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. Batista zahrnuje ot\u00e1zky novin\u00e1\u0159e Pepeho Escobara a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih si mus\u00ed vybudovat vlastn\u00ed nez\u00e1padn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"B\u00fdval\u00fd viceprezident banky BRICS odhaluje pravdu o z\u00e1padn\u00edch sankc\u00edch\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Q8UaigC8w5s?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">NDB jako banka glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu \u2013 pokrok a p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">NDB, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako banka BRICS, byla zalo\u017eena v roce 2014 Braz\u00edli\u00ed, Ruskem, Indi\u00ed, \u010c\u00ednou a Jihoafrickou republikou za \u00fa\u010delem financov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje v zem\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Batista, kter\u00fd se na stavb\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edlel, vysv\u011btluje:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eNa\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo vytvo\u0159it banku glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih. Cht\u011bli jsme poskytovat \u00fav\u011bry ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji operovat v jin\u00fdch m\u011bn\u00e1ch ne\u017e dolaru \u2013 tedy vyd\u00e1vat dluhopisy v jin\u00fdch m\u011bn\u00e1ch a poskytovat \u00fav\u011bry v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch dlu\u017en\u00edk\u016f.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Navzdory pokroku \u2013 jako je vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dluhopis\u016f a p\u016fj\u010dek v juanech \u2013 banka z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na dolaru. Batista uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pokrok je pomal\u00fd a \u017ee NDB si p\u016fj\u010duje a poskytuje \u00fav\u011bry p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v dolarech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To podtrhuje z\u00e1vislost na z\u00e1padn\u00edch kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch trz\u00edch a ratingov\u00fdch agentur\u00e1ch, jako jsou Moody&#8217;s, Standard &amp; Poor&#8217;s a Fitch, kter\u00e9 jako \u201etriopol\u201c diktuj\u00ed pravidla.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce: Pro\u010d NDB u\u017e neslou\u017e\u00ed Rusku<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kl\u00ed\u010dovou kritikou Batisty je vystaven\u00ed NDB z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm. Rusko, zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlen s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 procenty kapit\u00e1lu, ji\u017e nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u016fj\u010dky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eNDB je tak siln\u011b omezena z\u00e1padn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, \u017ee p\u0159estala Rusku p\u016fj\u010dovat. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee by p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Rusku vystavilo NDB sankc\u00edm, zp\u016fsobilo by ztr\u00e1tu jej\u00edho \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9ho ratingu a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo by n\u00e1klady na p\u016fj\u010dky na z\u00e1padn\u00edch trz\u00edch,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Batista.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">D\u00edky tomu je banka nekonkurenceschopn\u00e1. Batista douf\u00e1 v \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed: p\u016fj\u010dky v jin\u00fdch m\u011bn\u00e1ch nebo financov\u00e1n\u00ed mimo dolarov\u00fd syst\u00e9m by mohly v\u00e9st k nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">NDB nicm\u00e9n\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed pravidla p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 \u201enesm\u011ble\u201c. Podobn\u011b se zem\u011b jako \u00cdr\u00e1n, Kuba a Venezuela nep\u0159ipojily, proto\u017ee by jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost ohrozila jejich rating.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pot\u0159eba nov\u00e9ho, nez\u00e1padn\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Batista varuje p\u0159ed dysfunk\u010dnost\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu: SWIFT, dolar, MMF a Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako zbran\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eZ\u00e1pad podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 instituce, kter\u00e9 s\u00e1m vytvo\u0159il. Dolar ztr\u00e1c\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru, proto\u017ee je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako zbra\u0148,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Reformy jsou nemo\u017en\u00e9 \u2013 i p\u0159es mal\u00fd pokrok v MMF v roce 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eZ\u00e1pad nedovol\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed reformy syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd existuje od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Mus\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt od nuly.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zem\u011b BRICS to ji\u017e ud\u011blaly s NDB a Dohodou o kontingentn\u00edch rezerv\u00e1ch (CRA, M\u011bnov\u00fd fond BRICS). Batista:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eUv\u011bdomili jsme si to v letech 2011\/2012: St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m je nereformovateln\u00fd. Z\u016fsta\u0148te ve 20. stolet\u00ed \u2013 do 21. stolet\u00ed vstupujeme s vyv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a neozbrojen\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nov\u00e9 iniciativy: SCO Bank jako model nez\u00e1vislosti<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jedn\u00edm slibn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem je ned\u00e1vno ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 rozvojov\u00e1 banka \u0160anghajsk\u00e9 organizace pro spolupr\u00e1ci (\u0160OS). Prezident Si \u0164in-pching ji ozn\u00e1mil na summitu \u0160OS v \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Batista spekuluje: Mohla by fungovat zcela mimo z\u00e1padn\u00ed trhy, vyd\u00e1vat dluhopisy v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch (nap\u0159. v juanech), poskytovat p\u016fj\u010dky v juanech a spol\u00e9hat se na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ratingov\u00e9 agentury. SWIFT by se obe\u0161el a m\u00edsto n\u011bj by se pou\u017e\u00edval CIPS (\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m) nebo rusk\u00e9 alternativy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To by umo\u017enilo poskytovat p\u016fj\u010dky Rusku nebo \u00cdr\u00e1nu bez rizika sankc\u00ed. Batista to vid\u00ed jako mezeru, kterou by \u0160OS mohla zaplnit \u2013 na rozd\u00edl od NDB, kter\u00e1 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 integrov\u00e1na se Z\u00e1padem.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NDB: Dilma Rousseff a nov\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Za prezidentky\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Dilmy Rousseffov\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, kter\u00e1 byla ned\u00e1vno znovuzvolena na p\u011bt let (nominov\u00e1na Ruskem), NDB roste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nov\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9, jako je Egypt, Al\u017e\u00edrsko, Kolumbie, Banglad\u00e9\u0161, Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty a Uzbekist\u00e1n, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed po\u010det na deset. Indon\u00e9sie ned\u00e1vno z\u00edskala vl\u00e1dn\u00ed souhlas s n\u00e1kupem akci\u00ed v hodnot\u011b 100 miliard USD.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Batista vid\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed trendy, ale kritizuje pomalost:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eJak m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt glob\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou s pouh\u00fdmi deseti \u010dleny? Pot\u0159ebujeme zem\u011b z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta \u2013 Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky, Afriky, Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Navrhuje, aby \u201epartnersk\u00e9 zem\u011b\u201c, podobn\u011b jako politika BRICS, postupn\u011b zapojovaly i citliv\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Portfolio a transparentnost: zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na udr\u017eitelnost, nedostatek otev\u0159enosti<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">NDB v\u00fdrazn\u011b investuje do zelen\u00e9 energie, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, dopravy a kanalizace. Batista potvrzuje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o strategick\u00fd c\u00edl, kter\u00fd je v souladu se stanovami spole\u010dnosti (infrastruktura a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 projekty jsou mo\u017en\u00e9, ale banka je \u201evelmi nepr\u016fhledn\u00e1\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eWebov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumenty neposkytuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 relevantn\u00ed informace o portfoliu. To by mohlo b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee si banka nen\u00ed jist\u00e1 kvalitou projekt\u016f a boj\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kontroly,\u201c kritizuje.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Dedolarizace: Pomal\u00e1, ale nezastaviteln\u00e1?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">NDB si klade za c\u00edl, aby do roku 2030 bylo 30 procent \u00fav\u011br\u016f v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch (v sou\u010dasnosti je to kolem 22 procent). Batista:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">&#8222;P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b.&#8220;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Poukazuje na p\u0159\u00edklady, jako je Meziamerick\u00e1 rozvojov\u00e1 banka (IDB), kter\u00e1 v Braz\u00edlii p\u016fsob\u00ed v realech. Juan je provediteln\u00fd, proto\u017ee je internacionalizovan\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dedolarizace postupuje: V\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent transakc\u00ed mezi Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou prob\u00edh\u00e1 v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch, podobn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Ruska a Indie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ale samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bny nesta\u010dily \u2013 nerovnov\u00e1ha si vy\u017e\u00e1dala novou rezervn\u00ed m\u011bnu. Batista navrhuje fiduci\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u011bnu krytou vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi dluhopisy BRICS, nikoli zlatem (je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 volatiln\u00ed).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ePot\u0159ebujeme plurilater\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu pro transakce a rezervy, krytou st\u00e1ty.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">BRICS Pay: Platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro lidi<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Batista pova\u017euje spole\u010dn\u00fd platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m BRICS (nap\u0159.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">BRICS Pay<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0) za provediteln\u00fd. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed syst\u00e9my jako Pix (Braz\u00edlie) nebo WeChat\/Alipay (\u010c\u00edna) jsou modern\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eMus\u00ed b\u00fdt kompatibiln\u00ed \u2013 technicky provediteln\u00e9, politicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">S\u00e1m byl sv\u011bdkem rychl\u00fdch p\u0159evod\u016f pen\u011bz z Braz\u00edlie do \u010c\u00edny. P\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky: strach z nesouhlasu Z\u00e1padu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eStane se to, a\u0165 si to Z\u00e1pad p\u0159eje, nebo ne.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1v\u011br: Odvaha p\u0159ijmout alternativy<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Paulo Nogueira Batista Jr. to vykresluje jasn\u011b: NDB je krokem spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, ale z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce a z\u00e1vislosti ji brzd\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">BRICS a SCO mus\u00ed jednat odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u2013 s nov\u00fdmi bankami, m\u011bnami a syst\u00e9my.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eBRICS nen\u00ed protiz\u00e1padn\u00ed formace, ale alternativa.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Bez skute\u010dn\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti to z\u016fstane jen \u0159e\u010d\u00ed. Batista pl\u00e1nuje podrobnou studii o rezervn\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b a signalizuje n\u00e1vrat k diskus\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih \u010del\u00ed volb\u011b:\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se, nebo se odtrhnout.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paulo Nogueira Batista Jr.\u00a0, renomovan\u00fd brazilsk\u00fd ekonom a b\u00fdval\u00fd viceprezident Nov\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 banky (NDB) v&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":91687,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[528,1161,1052,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91686"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91686\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}