{"id":91572,"date":"2025-11-06T05:28:48","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T04:28:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=91572"},"modified":"2025-11-06T05:28:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T04:28:48","slug":"uriel-araujo-obrat-indonesie-smerem-k-severni-koreji-by-mohl-zmenit-geopolitiku-indicko-pacifickeho-regionu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/06\/uriel-araujo-obrat-indonesie-smerem-k-severni-koreji-by-mohl-zmenit-geopolitiku-indicko-pacifickeho-regionu\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: Obrat Indon\u00e9sie sm\u011brem k Severn\u00ed Koreji by mohl zm\u011bnit geopolitiku Indicko-pacifick\u00e9ho regionu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Historick\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Severn\u00ed Koreje o\u017eivila vztahy mezi Indon\u00e9si\u00ed a Pchjongjangu a vyvolala ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9 strategie Jakarty. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Indon\u00e9sie modernizuje svou obranu a vymezuje se mezi glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi mocnostmi, i omezen\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce se Severn\u00ed Koreou by mohla zm\u011bnit dynamiku indicko-pacifick\u00fdch vztah\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Indon\u00e9sk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Sugiono p\u0159ist\u00e1l\u00a0<\/span>v Pchjongjangu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0letos v \u0159\u00edjnu. Jednalo se o prvn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu Jakarty na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni za v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 let. Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo n\u00e1hodn\u00e9: shodovalo se s velkou severokorejskou oslavou 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Strany pr\u00e1ce. Dorazili v\u00fdznamn\u00ed host\u00e9 z regionu, v\u010detn\u011b \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Li \u010cchianga a \u0161\u00e9fa vietnamsk\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 strany To Lama. B\u011bhem cesty Sugiono podepsal nov\u00e9 memorandum o porozum\u011bn\u00ed o pravideln\u00fdch bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto odstartovalo tich\u00e9 rozhovory o u\u017e\u0161\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch vazb\u00e1ch mezi dv\u011bma zem\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 byly dlouho od sebe d\u011bleny ideologi\u00ed a izolac\u00ed. Jde o promy\u0161len\u00fd krok v indon\u00e9sk\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed o modernizaci arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00fd by mohl zm\u011bnit n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na \u0161achovnici indicko-pacifick\u00e9ho regionu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli Jakarta ve\u0159ejn\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje diplomacii a nevojenskou spolupr\u00e1ci, jej\u00ed rychl\u00e1 modernizace obrany a dlouhodob\u00e1 \u201esvobodn\u00e1 a aktivn\u00ed\u201c zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika nevyhnuteln\u011b vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed spekulace o diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci s Pchjongjangem. Geo Dzakwan Arshali (Emerging Leaders Fellow ve FACTS Asia)\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee v tomto sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i by takov\u00e9 kroky nesly diplomatick\u00e1 rizika v r\u00e1mci sankc\u00ed OSN a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ASEAN, nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u2013 pokud by se \u00fazce zam\u011b\u0159ily na civiln\u00ed nebo nedvoj\u00ed oblasti a byly by zpracov\u00e1ny transparentn\u011b \u2013 mohly by Indon\u00e9sii poskytnout strategickou v\u00fdhodu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zapojit Severn\u00ed Koreu do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f region\u00e1ln\u00edho dialogu. Je zde zapot\u0159eb\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho kontextu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee Indon\u00e9sie a Severn\u00ed Korea poprv\u00e9 nav\u00e1zaly diplomatick\u00e9 vazby v roce 1964, co\u017e byl produkt postoje Jakarty k neanga\u017eovanosti b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Indon\u00e9sk\u00fd prezident Sukarno v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech\u00a0<\/span>hostil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0severokorejsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Kim Ir-sena a vazby p\u0159etrvaly i b\u011bhem bou\u0159liv\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>let Suhartovy \u00e9ry , s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Megawatiov\u00e9\u00a0s Kim \u010cong-ilem v roce 2002 udalo t\u00f3n pro trval\u00e9 vazby a Indon\u00e9sie tento odkaz pos\u00edlila znovuotev\u0159en\u00edm sv\u00e9ho velvyslanectv\u00ed v Pchjongjangu v \u010dervenci 2025. Obchod z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 omezen\u00fd, ale symbolika p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1, nov\u00e9 memorandum o porozum\u011bn\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 politick\u00e9, kulturn\u00ed, technick\u00e9 a sportovn\u00ed konzultace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak jasn\u011b vynik\u00e1: Indon\u00e9sie dnes pod veden\u00edm prezidenta Prabowa Subianta\u00a0<\/span>rychle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0buduje svou\u00a0<\/span>obranu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Jakarta ned\u00e1vno p\u0159edstavila dom\u00e1c\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>autonomn\u00ed ponorku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0KSOT-008 . Zem\u011b diverzifikovala sv\u00e1 obrann\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce v oblasti zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zak\u00e1zek a pr\u016fmyslu zahrnuje\u00a0<\/span>Turecko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Francii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, It\u00e1lii a\u00a0<\/span>\u010c\u00ednu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, a\u00a0<\/span>dokonce i Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0; a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si udr\u017euje ur\u010dit\u00e9 vazby s\u00a0<\/span>Ruskem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Indi\u00ed a Spojen\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm. V t\u00e9to souvislosti by odborn\u00e9 znalosti Pchjongjangu v oblasti\u00a0<\/span>kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho dohledu mohly Indon\u00e9sii poskytnout tichou v\u00fdhodu, ani\u017e by nutn\u011b poru\u0161ovaly sankce OSN.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Severn\u00ed Korea, dlouho vysm\u00edvan\u00e1 jako \u201epoustevnick\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed\u201c, zase dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u00ed sv\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 svaly. To se k sob\u011b hod\u00ed. Jak\u00a0<\/span>zd\u016fraz\u0148uje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nez\u00e1visl\u00fd indon\u00e9sk\u00fd badatel Akhmad Hanan , \u201etich\u00fd n\u00e1vrat\u201c Jakarty do Pchjongjangu je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o prodlou\u017een\u00ed budov\u00e1n\u00ed most\u016f od jednac\u00edho stolu ASEAN p\u0159\u00edmo ke dve\u0159\u00edm Kim \u010cong-una. Pod Prabowem Indon\u00e9sie sm\u011bruje svou \u201e\u00a0<\/span>bebas aktiv<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c \u2013 svobodnou a aktivn\u00ed \u2013 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku, kter\u00e1 se zrodila z Bandungsk\u00e9 konference a Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch, k hran\u00ed hry st\u0159edn\u00ed s\u00edly, ani\u017e by si vyb\u00edrala strany. To je kontext zjevn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edklonu Indon\u00e9sie k u\u017e\u0161\u00edm vztah\u016fm se Severn\u00ed Koreou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indon\u00e9sk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Sugiono b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy ne\u0161et\u0159il slovy: Indon\u00e9sie chce Severn\u00ed Koreu hloub\u011bji vt\u00e1hnout\u00a0<\/span>do r\u00e1mc\u016f ASEANu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, jako je Region\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00f3rum, aby podpo\u0159ila dialog o izolaci. Role Jakarty je tedy dostate\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00e1: jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je b\u00fdt \u201e\u00a0<\/span>neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159edn\u00edkem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c mezi Pchjongjangem a Soulem a zprost\u0159edkovatelem vztah\u016f mezi ASEANem a Severn\u00ed Koreou. Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, jihokorejsk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby nyn\u00ed zva\u017euj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd nov\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>summit USA a Severn\u00ed Koreje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje zde \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed geopolitick\u00fd kontext. \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Indo-pacifick\u00fd region<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c neboli IPR zahrnuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd prostor mezi Indick\u00fdm a Tich\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou ar\u00e9nou pro soupe\u0159en\u00ed mezi mocnostmi. Nen\u00ed to ani tak pevn\u00e1 mapa nebo geografick\u00e1 realita, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201ev\u00e1lka koncept\u016f\u201c, kde si n\u00e1rody prosazuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vize prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm summit\u016f a strategick\u00fdch dokument\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington prosazuje koncept pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed jako strategick\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt\u00a0<\/span>proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a v tomto duchu\u00a0<\/span>sjednocuje partnery<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, ale zem\u011b jako Indon\u00e9sie (a Indie) tradi\u010dn\u011b preferuj\u00ed autonomii p\u0159ed sjednocen\u00edm s nulov\u00fdm sou\u010dtem. Jakarta si tak nap\u0159\u00edklad udr\u017euje \u010cty\u0159strann\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed dialog (\u00a0<\/span>Quad<\/span><\/a>\u00a0) na odstupu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 usiluje o nez\u00e1vislou diplomacii, zat\u00edmco Indie balancuje mezi indicko-pacifick\u00fdmi vazbami a eurasijsk\u00fdm dosahem. Ob\u011b zem\u011b pragmaticky vyva\u017euj\u00ed multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed sv\u011bt \u2013 co\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed narativy \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ASEAN kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm, by\u0165 \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm, stabiliz\u00e1torem v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii. Blok, zn\u00e1m\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee up\u0159ednost\u0148uje suverenitu a nevm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, udr\u017euje otev\u0159en\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly se Severn\u00ed Koreou: Pchjongjang se v roce 2000 p\u0159ipojil k Region\u00e1ln\u00edmu f\u00f3ru ASEAN a\u00a0<\/span>v roce 2008<\/span><\/a>\u00a0podepsal Smlouvu o p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ci .<\/span><\/p>\n

Na lo\u0148sk\u00e9m summitu ASEAN vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili \u010dlenov\u00e9 znepokojen\u00ed nad severokorejsk\u00fdmi raketov\u00fdmi testy, ale svou reakci omezili na v\u00fdzvy k dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rezoluc\u00ed OSN. Indon\u00e9sie, n\u011bkdy vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako neform\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u016fdce bloku, p\u0159i\u0161la s n\u00e1pady na n\u00edzkorizikovou spolupr\u00e1ci \u2013 jako jsou v\u00fdm\u011bny ml\u00e1de\u017ee, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 projekty nebo sport \u2013 jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je z\u016fstat v mez\u00edch sankc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Severn\u00ed Korea zase ti\u0161e roz\u0161i\u0159uje sv\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed v regionu. Mezi jej\u00ed minul\u00e9 anga\u017em\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed summity ve Vietnamu v letech 2018\u20132019 a nad\u00e1le usiluje o navazov\u00e1n\u00ed diplomatick\u00fdch vztah\u016f se st\u00e1ty ASEAN. Vojensk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0na Korejsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b v\u0161ak\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, indon\u00e9sk\u00e1 snaha o spolupr\u00e1ci se Severn\u00ed Koreou s sebou nese potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody i rizika. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost se sankcionovan\u00fdm st\u00e1tem by mohla partnery rozru\u0161it, ale omezen\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce v necitliv\u00fdch oblastech m\u016f\u017ee pomoci udr\u017eet otev\u0159en\u00fd dialog a podpo\u0159it region\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Indon\u00e9sii to odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed mnohostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu \u2013 vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se rigidn\u00edm blok\u016fm a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed flexibility v dob\u011b, kdy se m\u011bn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed mocensk\u00e1 dynamika. Pro mnoho rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se zem\u00ed je mnohostrann\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed chytrou cestou v nov\u00e9 studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historick\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Severn\u00ed Koreje o\u017eivila vztahy mezi Indon\u00e9si\u00ed a Pchjongjangu a vyvolala ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":91573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,996,79,2152,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91572"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91572\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}