{"id":91122,"date":"2025-11-01T07:42:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T06:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=91122"},"modified":"2025-11-01T07:42:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T06:42:37","slug":"dohoda-mezi-amerikou-a-finskem-na-ledoborci-za-6-miliard-dolaru-je-soucasti-noveho-zavodu-studene-valky-v-arktide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/11\/01\/dohoda-mezi-amerikou-a-finskem-na-ledoborci-za-6-miliard-dolaru-je-soucasti-noveho-zavodu-studene-valky-v-arktide\/","title":{"rendered":"Dohoda mezi Amerikou a Finskem na ledoborci za 6 miliard dolar\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Arktid\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Amerika signalizuje, \u017ee je v arktick\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b o to, kdo se udr\u017e\u00ed. Ot\u00e1zkou je: vyhrocov\u00e1n\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed na Dalek\u00e9m severu si Z\u00e1pad zaji\u0161\u0165uje sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, nebo \u0159e\u0161\u00ed konflikty v nov\u00e9 oblasti?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pr\u00e1v\u011b podepsaly s Finskem dohodu v hodnot\u011b 6,1 miliardy dolar\u016f na v\u00fdstavbu 11 nov\u00fdch ledoborc\u016f pro americkou pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e, co\u017e je krok ozna\u010dovan\u00fd za historick\u00fd a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmo na pos\u00edlen\u00ed zaost\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed americk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v Arktid\u011b. T\u011bchto 11 plavidel \u2013 mix pol\u00e1rn\u00edch a jezern\u00edch typ\u016f \u2013 prodlou\u017e\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny, podpo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a upevn\u00ed svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost uprost\u0159ed rostouc\u00ed aktivity mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch akt\u00e9r\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dod\u00e1vky by m\u011bly za\u010d\u00edt\u00a0<\/span>v roce 2028<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 finsk\u00e9 lod\u011bnice by m\u011bly poskytnout sv\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti k o\u017eiven\u00ed americk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu ve specifick\u00e9m sektoru, v n\u011bm\u017e kdysi byly pr\u016fkopn\u00edky (pokud jde o modern\u00ed ledoborce pol\u00e1rn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy), ale kter\u00fd u\u017e desetilet\u00ed upad\u00e1 do pozad\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

To se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen lod\u00ed \u2013 je to nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kapitola v zintenziv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm se arktick\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b, kde taj\u00edc\u00ed led otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 lodn\u00ed trasy, mo\u017enosti z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f a strategick\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 body. Americk\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti provozuje pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i pol\u00e1rn\u00ed ledoborce, z nich\u017e nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>poch\u00e1z\u00ed z roku 1997<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto byla velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st humbuku z\u00e1padn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed kolem t\u00e9to dohody ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b triumfalistick\u00e1. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed koment\u00e1to\u0159i ji popsali jako \u201ezlomov\u00fd moment\u201c, kter\u00fd by rychle p\u0159eklenul rozd\u00edl oproti dlouhodob\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 v\u00fdhod\u011b v oblasti arktick\u00e9 flotily. Nen\u00ed to tak jednoduch\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusko m\u00e1 naproti tomu\u00a0<\/span>asi 50<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edch ledoborc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b jadern\u00fdch gigant\u016f vhodn\u00fdch pro jeho rozlehl\u00e9 severn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, v\u00edce ne\u017e dva miliony arktick\u00fdch obyvatel a kritickou infrastrukturu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mluven\u00ed o \u201emeze\u0159e ledoborc\u016f\u201c se \u010dasto zmi\u0148uje, ale skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed a rostouc\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f na bezpe\u010dnost v Arktid\u011b. Severn\u00ed trasy jsou ru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy jindy. \u010c\u00edna letos v srpnu vyslala\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 ledoborce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nad mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno u Alja\u0161ky,\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty , co\u017e p\u0159im\u011blo pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e k\u00a0<\/span>vysl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u00fdch st\u00e1rnouc\u00edch ledoborc\u016f Healy k monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem v\u0161ak nen\u00ed po\u010detn\u00ed parita s Ruskem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1m\u011br Washingtonu sekuritizovat Arktidu a p\u0159etvo\u0159it politickou krajinu regionu ve prosp\u011bch atlantick\u00e9 osy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z americk\u00e9ho pohledu zde Finsko hraje roli\u00a0<\/span>zachr\u00e1nce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Jeho lod\u011bnice stav\u00ed ledoborce rychle a levn\u011b \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad Polaris, dokon\u010den\u00fd za t\u0159i roky za zhruba\u00a0<\/span>125 milion\u016f eur<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(147 milion\u016f dolar\u016f); jedn\u00e1 se o men\u0161\u00ed plavidlo, ale st\u00e1le d\u016fkaz efektivity, kter\u00fd zahanbuje zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd vlastn\u00ed program nov\u00fdch t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch ledoborc\u016f se naopak prudce zv\u00fd\u0161il na\u00a0<\/span>1,9 miliardy dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na lo\u010f; probl\u00e9mov\u00fd program Polar Security Cutter su\u017euj\u00ed zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a rostouc\u00ed rozpo\u010dty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e prvn\u00ed program se nyn\u00ed posouv\u00e1 nanejv\u00fd\u0161 do roku 2029. Sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee americk\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed lodn\u00ed sektor se dosud uk\u00e1zal jako neschopn\u00fd uspokojit strategickou popt\u00e1vku. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Washington se d\u00edval na sever k Helsink\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se \u010derstv\u011b p\u0159ipojily k NATO v roce 2023 a tou\u017e\u00ed po z\u00e1padn\u00edch kupc\u00edch. Zapad\u00e1 to do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed expanze NATO ve Skandin\u00e1vii a za jej\u00ed hranice \u2013 vstup Finska a \u0160v\u00e9dska, obnoven\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed USA\u00a0<\/span>na Gr\u00f3nsko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 to v\u0161e je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch arktick\u00fdch z\u00f3n, jak jsem ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jinde.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z hlediska dopadu dohoda posiluje p\u0159ipravenost americk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee na ru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dopravu v Beringov\u011b pr\u016flivu a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed provokace. Peter Rybski, b\u00fdval\u00fd americk\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed ata\u0161\u00e9 v Helsink\u00e1ch, to ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>vyj\u00e1d\u0159il<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jasn\u011b: Amerika si v dob\u011b, kdy byla arktick\u00e1 lodn\u00ed doprava \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1, vysta\u010dila s n\u011bkolika ledoborci, ale to se m\u011bn\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b rychle na to, aby to vy\u017eadovalo akci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rizika se v\u0161ak vyno\u0159uj\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry. Americkou stavbu lod\u00ed dosud su\u017euj\u00ed zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed; n\u00e1klady by se mohly spir\u00e1lovit\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it, stejn\u011b jako u dom\u00e1c\u00edch program\u016f. Nemluv\u011b o tom, \u017ee geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v tomto z\u00e1vod\u011b o\u010dividn\u011b eskaluje \u2013 cvi\u010den\u00ed NATO u Norska vys\u00edlaj\u00ed sign\u00e1ly nejen na sever, ale i na v\u00fdchod, a riskuj\u00ed tak chybn\u00e9 odhady v regionu, kter\u00fd je dlouho nejklidn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hranic\u00ed sv\u011bta. To by se mohlo brzy zm\u011bnit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00ed fin\u0161t\u00ed stavitel\u00e9 lod\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed opatrn\u00ed: dohoda sice slibuje pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a investice, ale m\u016f\u017ee Helsinky vystavit odvet\u011b ze strany Moskvy \u2013 zem\u011b, se kterou d\u0159\u00edve udr\u017eovaly pragmatick\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 vztahy. Dohoda by tak\u00e9 mohla prohloubit integraci Finska do \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f vojensk\u00fdch zak\u00e1zek NATO a omezit tak budouc\u00ed neutralitu v diplomacii s vysok\u00fdmi s\u00e1zkami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prom\u011bna Arktidy v \u0161achovnici t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed alian\u010dn\u00ed reflexy, kter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>l\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0minul\u00fdm epoch\u00e1m ne\u017e multipol\u00e1rn\u00edmu uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud budeme p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tvrd\u011b tla\u010dit na energetick\u00e9 sankce nebo n\u00e1roky na mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno, odveta by se mohla objevit na ne\u010dekan\u00fdch m\u00edstech, jako je Finsk\u00fd z\u00e1liv nebo p\u0159esunut\u00ed tok\u016f LNG do Asie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad Norsko, o kter\u00e9m se v titulc\u00edch zpr\u00e1v o Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a Ukrajin\u011b dost informuje, se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>tich\u00fdm arktick\u00fdm boji\u0161t\u011bm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Z\u00e1padu , kde se NATO neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje po cel\u00e9 Skandin\u00e1vii a USA se sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit p\u0159\u00edstup k arktick\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm pod hlavi\u010dkou \u201ebezpe\u010dnosti\u201c. Tato dohoda o prolomen\u00ed led\u016f p\u0159il\u00e9v\u00e1 olej do ohn\u011b a roz\u0161i\u0159uje konfrontaci mezi atlantickou osou vedenou USA a vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmi euroasijsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy na severu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontrola Arktidy st\u00e1le v\u00edce znamen\u00e1 kontrolu nad vznikaj\u00edc\u00edmi obchodn\u00edmi cestami, energetick\u00fdmi koridory a dokonce i podmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi datov\u00fdmi kabely \u2013 infrastrukturou, kter\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b definuje 21. stolet\u00ed. Z\u00e1pad veden\u00fd USA, kter\u00fd se nechce vyrovnat s realitou geografick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod Ruska, se je sna\u017e\u00ed neutralizovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm alianc\u00ed a obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fazk\u00fdch m\u00edst. Moskva pochopiteln\u011b reaguje posilov\u00e1n\u00edm sob\u011bsta\u010dnosti a partnerstv\u00edm s euroasijsk\u00fdmi spojenci.<\/span><\/p>\n

V mainstreamov\u00e9 diskusi se m\u00e1lo zmi\u0148uje fakt, \u017ee tato dohoda d\u00e1le militarizuje region, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl z\u016fstat z\u00f3nou spolupr\u00e1ce. Arktick\u00e9 ambice Washingtonu se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen bezpe\u010dnosti plavby nebo v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu; jsou spojeny s \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed politikou omezov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kazy zam\u011b\u0159enou na Rusko i \u010c\u00ednu. A pokud se arktick\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce zhrout\u00ed, bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee dojde k chybn\u00fdm odhad\u016fm \u2013 zejm\u00e9na vzhledem k rostouc\u00ed aktivit\u011b NATO v norsk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch a Barentsov\u011b mo\u0159i. Tyto kroky op\u011bt vys\u00edlaj\u00ed sign\u00e1ly nejen Moskv\u011b, ale i Pekingu, kter\u00fd vn\u00edm\u00e1 D\u00e1ln\u00fd sever jako sd\u00edlen\u00fd prostor strategick\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento region zoufale pot\u0159ebuje diplomacii, nikoli signalizaci ve stylu d\u011blov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, investice\u00a0<\/span>ve v\u00fd\u0161i 6,1 miliardy dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje obrat. Zapl\u0148uje okam\u017eit\u00e9 mezery rychlost\u00ed Finska a z\u00e1rove\u0148 buduje dlouhodob\u00e9 kapacity USA. Amerika tak signalizuje, \u017ee je v arktick\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b o setrv\u00e1n\u00ed. Ot\u00e1zkou je: vyhrocov\u00e1n\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed na D\u00e1ln\u00e9m severu si Z\u00e1pad zaji\u0161\u0165uje sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, nebo \u0159e\u0161\u00ed konflikty v nov\u00e9 oblasti?<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amerika signalizuje, \u017ee je v arktick\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b o to, kdo se udr\u017e\u00ed. Ot\u00e1zkou je: vyhrocov\u00e1n\u00edm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":91123,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,116,675,10006,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91122"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91122\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}