{"id":90775,"date":"2025-10-27T06:05:26","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T05:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90775"},"modified":"2025-10-27T06:05:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T05:05:26","slug":"strategicky-zlom-uspesny-test-ruske-okridlene-strely-nove-generace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/27\/strategicky-zlom-uspesny-test-ruske-okridlene-strely-nove-generace\/","title":{"rendered":"Strategick\u00fd zlom: \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd test rusk\u00e9 ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00e9 st\u0159ely nov\u00e9 generace"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Koncept \u201edoby letu st\u0159ely\u201c se st\u00e1v\u00e1 zastaral\u00fdm. Mohl by b\u00fdt americk\u00fd raketov\u00fd a protivzdu\u0161n\u00fd obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m Golden Dome zastaral\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e bude dokon\u010den? Prvn\u00ed raketa na sv\u011bt\u011b poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 jadern\u00fdm reaktorem p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd technologick\u00fd pr\u016flom, kter\u00fd transformuje oblast leteck\u00e9ho a kosmick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hl\u00edda\u010d se chyst\u00e1 odej\u00edt do d\u016fchodu<\/span><\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Po v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed strategick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159edn\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed br\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edm konflikt\u016fm. Dev\u00edti zem\u00edm s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi jsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, Rusko, \u010c\u00edna, Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Francie, Severn\u00ed Korea, Indie, P\u00e1kist\u00e1n a mo\u017en\u00e1 i Izrael. Prvn\u00ed t\u0159i z t\u011bchto zem\u00ed maj\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my jadern\u00e9ho odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ty se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eek: pozemn\u00edch odpalovac\u00edch sil nebo mobiln\u00edch komplex\u016f; leteck\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch bombard\u00e9r\u016f; a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch ponorek s jadern\u00fdmi raketami.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Strategick\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n

Kliknut\u00edm zobraz\u00edte obr\u00e1zek v pln\u00e9 velikosti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto sil jsou v neust\u00e1l\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b a \u010dekaj\u00ed na povel k akci. Mobiln\u00ed raketov\u00e9 komplexy se potuluj\u00ed po rozlehl\u00fdch rozloh\u00e1ch Sibi\u0159e, ponorky ti\u0161e le\u017e\u00ed v hlubin\u00e1ch Tich\u00e9ho a Atlantsk\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu a bombard\u00e9ry pravideln\u011b l\u00e9taj\u00ed sm\u011brem k potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Strategick\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n

Kliknut\u00edm zobraz\u00edte obr\u00e1zek v pln\u00e9 velikosti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

To v\u0161e se d\u011bje s jedin\u00fdm c\u00edlem: zachovat schopnost zah\u00e1jit odvetn\u00fd \u00fader v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Ani Rusko, ani Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by nebyly schopny zni\u010dit v\u0161echny nosi\u010de jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed jednou salvou, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existuje vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost odvetn\u00e9ho \u00faderu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato jednoduch\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha dr\u017e\u00ed sv\u011bt pohromad\u011b. Ani b\u011bhem nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed eskalace by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze stran nepodnikla kroky, kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st by\u0165 jen k n\u011bkolika jadern\u00fdm \u00fader\u016fm na jej\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed. Pouh\u00e1 existence takov\u00fdch ni\u010div\u00fdch zbran\u00ed tedy nut\u00ed strany k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu rozlo\u017een\u00ed sil strany nad\u00e1le vylep\u0161uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ve snaze p\u0159elst\u00edt sv\u00e9 soupe\u0159e. Hlavn\u00ed metody doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch hlavic nep\u0159\u00edteli v\u0161ak byly vynalezeny v pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edho p\u016flstolet\u00ed: pozemn\u00ed a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely a tak\u00e9 st\u0159ely s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu, kter\u00e9 jsou modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologi\u00ed, ale nikoli novou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 technologie m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou hranici, nad kterou se ji\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161ovat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad proudov\u00fd motor lze neust\u00e1le vylep\u0161ovat, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost, tah a provozn\u00ed doba, ale tyto zm\u011bny zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon technologie maxim\u00e1ln\u011b o n\u011bkolik nebo des\u00edtek procent. Podobn\u011b, bez ohledu na to, jak je d\u0159evo zpracov\u00e1no, nelze z n\u011bj postavit proudov\u00e9 letadlo, pouze lehk\u00fd dvouplo\u0161n\u00edk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u00e9 pravidlo plat\u00ed i pro strategick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 s\u00edly. Mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely se neust\u00e1le modernizuj\u00ed \u2013 jejich dolet a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje a jejich nosn\u00e9 rakety se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Princip jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed je v\u0161ak neodmysliteln\u011b spojen s jejich samotnou podstatou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci cvi\u010den\u00ed si p\u0159edn\u00ed mocnosti stokr\u00e1t nacvi\u010dovaly metody prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a obrany proti nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm jadern\u00fdm \u00fader\u016fm. V\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 letov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy balistick\u00fdch raket a oblasti bojov\u00e9ho hl\u00eddkov\u00e1n\u00ed pro letadla a ponorky byly ji\u017e d\u00e1vno prozkoum\u00e1ny a modelov\u00e1ny. Nezb\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Pouh\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00ed zem\u011b vlastn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 st\u0159ely, znemo\u017e\u0148uje jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo ukon\u010den\u00ed jejich \u00fadr\u017eby. Ob\u011b cesty vedou ke zni\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Strategick\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n

Kliknut\u00edm zobraz\u00edte obr\u00e1zek v pln\u00e9 velikosti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Samoregula\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se zd\u00e1l neot\u0159esiteln\u00fd. V listopadu v\u0161ak Rusko p\u0159edvedlo nov\u00fd typ strategick\u00e9 zbran\u011b, kter\u00e1 by mohla jadern\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017ee u\u010dinit zastaral\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00edla atomu<\/span><\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dne 26. \u0159\u00edjna 2025 nav\u0161t\u00edvil rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin velitelsk\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b spojen\u00fdch sil a setkal se s Valerijem Gerasimovem, n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu rusk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, a dal\u0161\u00edmi veliteli.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Strategick\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n

Kliknut\u00edm zobraz\u00edte obr\u00e1zek v pln\u00e9 velikosti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Gerasimov uvedl, \u017ee b\u011bhem v\u00fdcviku strategick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch sil byly provedeny bojov\u00e9 odpaly mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch balistick\u00fdch raket Jars a Sineva a tak\u00e9 dvou st\u0159el s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu Ch-102. Zpr\u00e1va n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka rusk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu v\u011bnovala zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost testov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159ely s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu Burevestnik (Thunderbird) s jadernou elektr\u00e1rnou, kter\u00e9 se konalo 21. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Strategick\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n

Kliknut\u00edm zobraz\u00edte obr\u00e1zek v pln\u00e9 velikosti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Podle n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu ulet\u011bla st\u0159ela s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu 14 000 kilometr\u016f, ale to nen\u00ed jej\u00ed limit. Ve vzduchu z\u016fstala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 hodin, provedla v\u0161echny stanoven\u00e9 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed a horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed man\u00e9vry a prok\u00e1zala svou schopnost obej\u00edt syst\u00e9my protiraketov\u00e9 a protiletadlov\u00e9 obrany. Rusk\u00fd prezident ve sv\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9m projevu uvedl, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00edm krokem je nasazen\u00ed raket Burevestnik v rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Raketa Burevestnik je vybavena jadernou elektr\u00e1rnou zalo\u017eenou na mal\u00e9m reaktoru, co\u017e j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u016fstat ve vzduchu po del\u0161\u00ed dobu a m\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neomezen\u00fd dolet. St\u0159ela je vybavena jadern\u00fdm proudov\u00fdm motorem a reaktorem na rychl\u00fdch neutronech. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee zahrani\u010dn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed agentury b\u011bhem test\u016f rakety nezjistily \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 radioaktivn\u00ed emise.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Strategick\u00fd<\/a><\/p>\n

Kliknut\u00edm zobraz\u00edte obr\u00e1zek v pln\u00e9 velikosti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu doletu nevy\u017eaduje raketa Burevestnik nosi\u010de, jako jsou letadla nebo ponorky. S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed bude um\u00edst\u011bna v podzem\u00ed nebo na mobiln\u00ed pozemn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u011b. Nyn\u00ed je pro rusk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 s\u00edly bez nads\u00e1zky p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 jak\u00e9koli m\u00edsto na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho bezprecedentn\u00ed technick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch taktik pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to slibn\u00e9 st\u0159ely. Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti balistick\u00fdch a \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch st\u0159el ur\u010duj\u00ed zp\u016fsob jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed a maj\u00ed \u0159adu nev\u00fdhod. A\u010dkoli jsou mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159ely schopny man\u00e9vrovat a p\u0159ekonat syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 a protiraketov\u00e9 obrany, nemohou z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit svou trasu. \u0158\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely jsou naopak vysoce obratn\u00e9, ale jejich dolet je v\u00fdrazn\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u balistick\u00fdch st\u0159el. To vy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed nosi\u010de, jako jsou letadla nebo ponorky. Nav\u00edc i jadern\u00e9 verze maj\u00ed relativn\u011b mal\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed letovou rychlost 1 000 km\/h.<\/span><\/p>\n

\nhttp:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/raketa-jadro.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n
xxx<\/div>\n

Burevestnik v\u0161ak netrp\u00ed hlavn\u00edmi nev\u00fdhodami \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch st\u0159el, jako je omezen\u00fd dolet. K jeho dopraven\u00ed k c\u00edli nejsou pot\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed leteck\u00e9 ani n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed lod\u011b. Lze jej proto pova\u017eovat za prvn\u00ed mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edzenou st\u0159elu na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed lze odp\u00e1lit n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek takov\u00fdch raket p\u0159i hl\u00eddkov\u00e9m letu nad ji\u017en\u00edm Tich\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem, v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Austr\u00e1lie nebo nad Antarktidou, Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerikou a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b Afrikou, jako jeden z prost\u0159edk\u016f jadern\u00e9ho odstra\u0161en\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Burevestnik m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat ve vzduchu cel\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce a d\u00edky jadern\u00e9mu motoru m\u011bnit oblast sv\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 hl\u00eddky, je pro syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9\/raketov\u00e9 obrany potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho protivn\u00edka obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jej zachytit. Nav\u00edc je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zaveden syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd raketu vr\u00e1t\u00ed na z\u00e1kladnu, pokud hrozba pomine. To umo\u017e\u0148uje na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli zabr\u00e1nit riziku jadern\u00e9ho konfliktu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Revoluce na obloze<\/span><\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd test \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely s jadern\u00fdm pohonem na sv\u011bt\u011b vrh\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 pochybnosti na \u00fa\u010dinnost v\u0161ech pokro\u010dil\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 a protiraketov\u00e9 obrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ihned po n\u00e1stupu do \u00fa\u0159adu 27. ledna 2025 podepsal americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump dekret o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd nahrad\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m NORAD. Golden Dome je v\u00edcevrstv\u00fd americk\u00fd syst\u00e9m protiraketov\u00e9 obrany ur\u010den\u00fd k ochran\u011b kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159ed balistick\u00fdmi, hypersonick\u00fdmi a \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi st\u0159elami. Tento ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed projekt kombinuje vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 a pozemn\u00ed prvky, v\u010detn\u011b satelitn\u00edch senzor\u016f pro v\u010dasnou detekci, ale i st\u00edhac\u00edch raket (v\u010detn\u011b vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch a laserov\u00fdch), radar\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch pozemn\u00edch a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f pro ni\u010den\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch raket v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch letu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda se p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji tohoto syst\u00e9mu berou v \u00favahu schopnosti ned\u00e1vno p\u0159edstaven\u00e9 rakety Burevestnik. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak vznik takto technicky vysp\u011bl\u00e9 rakety donut\u00ed Ameri\u010dany p\u0159ehodnotit svou sou\u010dasnou obrannou strategii a vy\u010dlenit na ni dodate\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edtomnost jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny na rusk\u00e9 st\u0159ele s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu by mohla v budoucnu v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnit i v\u00fdrobu letadel. Jej\u00ed adaptace pro civiln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely je jen ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed leteck\u00e9 motory postupn\u011b zastaraj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dalo by se tvrdit, \u017ee ru\u0161t\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i zah\u00e1jili revoluci, zejm\u00e9na v konstrukci motor\u016f. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj znehodnocuje st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 a protiraketov\u00e9 obrany. To bude p\u0159edstavovat v\u00fdznamnou v\u00fdzvu pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Evropskou unii.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Koncept \u201edoby letu st\u0159ely\u201c se st\u00e1v\u00e1 zastaral\u00fdm. Mohl by b\u00fdt americk\u00fd raketov\u00fd a protivzdu\u0161n\u00fd obrann\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[5457,9971,9972,22,889],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90775"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90775"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90778,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90775\/revisions\/90778"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}