{"id":90638,"date":"2025-10-26T00:19:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T22:19:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90638"},"modified":"2025-10-25T09:07:52","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T07:07:52","slug":"christina-maas-iluze-anonymizovanych-dat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/26\/christina-maas-iluze-anonymizovanych-dat\/","title":{"rendered":"Christina Maas: Iluze anonymizovan\u00fdch dat"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Anonymizace slibuje neviditelnost, ale nab\u00edz\u00ed pouze pap\u00edrovou masku \u2013 snadno ji strhnou tyt\u00e9\u017e syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 je \u00fadajn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 r\u010den\u00ed je v tuto chv\u00edli p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e9: \u201eM\u011bjte se na pozoru p\u0159ed technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dary.\u201c Kdy\u017e sb\u011bra\u010di dat mluv\u00ed o anonymizaci, z\u0159\u00eddka maj\u00ed na mysli skute\u010dnou ochranu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tento term\u00edn zn\u00ed klinicky a jednozna\u010dn\u011b. V praxi \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kryt\u00ed ne\u017e jako skute\u010dn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Signalizuje u\u017eivatel\u016fm, \u017ee se nemaj\u00ed \u010deho ob\u00e1vat \u2013 a syst\u00e9m nad\u00e1le funguje p\u0159esn\u011b tak, jak m\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Anonymizace je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za koncov\u00fd bod. Jakmile jsou data ozna\u010dena jako anonymn\u00ed, proces kontroly kon\u010d\u00ed. Regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny poukazuj\u00ed na anonymizaci jako na \u00fasp\u011bch. Platformy ji vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako d\u016fkaz odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spole\u010dnosti vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro op\u011btovnou identifikaci si mezit\u00edm ned\u011blaj\u00ed iluze o jejich trvanlivosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Startupy jsou zakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny s v\u00fdslovn\u00fdm c\u00edlem prolomit ochranu, kterou \u00fadajn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed z\u00e1kony na ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tito akt\u00e9\u0159i nejednaj\u00ed tajn\u011b. Neskr\u00fdvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 schopnosti. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b propaguj\u00ed propojen\u00ed jmen, adres a pracovn\u00edch pozic s \u00fadaji, kter\u00e9 byly \u00fadajn\u011b anonymizov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kdykoli se objev\u00ed nov\u00fd skand\u00e1l v oblasti ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, slou\u017e\u00ed anonymizovan\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat jako obrana. Tento term\u00edn se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k uklidn\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti, tisku a politik\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Slib zn\u00ed: Jakmile jsou osobn\u00ed identifik\u00e1tory odstran\u011bny, hrozba je neutralizov\u00e1na. Zdravotn\u00ed z\u00e1znamy, finan\u010dn\u00ed transakce a historie prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ak nejsou neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed data \u2013 jsou hluboce osobn\u00ed. Anonymizace je z\u00e1stupn\u00fdm prvkem pro bezpe\u010dnost, nikoli jej\u00ed realitou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Firmy a instituce popisuj\u00ed anonymizovan\u00e1 data jako nedohledateln\u00e1 \u2013 a to jak p\u0159\u00edmo, tak nep\u0159\u00edmo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Od pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee to bez ot\u00e1zek akceptuje. Ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b postupu, jeho robustnosti nebo definice op\u011btovn\u00e9 identifikace vznikaj\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Technicky vzato anonymizace existuje. Existuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 metody, techniky a protokoly pro odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed identifik\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">D\u016fkazy v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee i spr\u00e1vn\u011b anonymizovan\u00e9 datov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy lze dohledat, porovnat a propojit s jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamy \u2013 dokud se doty\u010dn\u00e1 osoba op\u011bt nestane viditelnou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee stejn\u00e1 data pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 lze znovu identifikovat pomoc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch datov\u00fdch sad a jednoduch\u00fdch korela\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. To se nepova\u017euje za exotickou schopnost \u2013 ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ji\u017e dlouhou dobu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Anonymizace m\u00e1 za c\u00edl eliminovat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tato koncepce je zalo\u017eena na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee data \u2013 jakmile jsou zbavena identifik\u00e1tor\u016f \u2013 lze bezpe\u010dn\u011b sd\u00edlet nebo prod\u00e1vat. Tato logika je z\u00e1kladem pro ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed sb\u011bru dat jak komer\u010dn\u00edmi, tak i vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi subjekty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Reidentifikace tento z\u00e1klad zpochyb\u0148uje. D\u00edky p\u0159\u00edstupu k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm dat\u016fm a komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00fdm identifik\u00e1tor\u016fm lze mnoho p\u016fvodn\u011b anonymizovan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch sad znovu p\u0159i\u0159adit jednotlivc\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Aktivitu na internetu, zdravotn\u00ed z\u00e1znamy, cestovn\u00ed historii a finan\u010dn\u00ed profily lze triangulovat \u2013 bez hackersk\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f nebo znalost\u00ed zasv\u011bcen\u00fdch osob.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V roce 2019 \u2013 kdy se obecn\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (GDPR) stalo zn\u00e1m\u00fdm pro sv\u00e9 striktn\u00ed zn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Imperial College London a Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain testovali, zda jeho anonymiza\u010dn\u00ed standardy obstoj\u00ed. Jejich z\u00e1v\u011br: Neobst\u00e1ly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pomoc\u00ed datov\u00e9 sady kompatibiln\u00ed s GDPR byli schopni znovu identifikovat\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">99,98 %<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0jednotlivc\u016f kombinac\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 15 demografick\u00fdch atribut\u016f. Tyto atributy nebyly individu\u00e1ln\u011b citliv\u00e9 \u2013 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pramenilo z k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9ho odkazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Iluze anonymity se rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161tila pod t\u00edhou kontextu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ve stejn\u00e9m roce dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad zpochybnil praxi anonymizace: Britsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eba p\u0159edala biometrick\u00e9 skeny o\u010d\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Google DeepMind \u2013 \u00fadajn\u011b pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Data byla ozna\u010dena jako anonymizovan\u00e1 a sd\u00edlena bez v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho souhlasu pacient\u016f \u2013 jako by samotn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed zaru\u010dovalo bezpe\u010dnost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">B\u011bhem p\u0159\u00edpravy GDPR se \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci EU vyh\u00fdbali term\u00ednu \u201ereidentifikace\u201c a m\u00edsto toho zavedli \u201epseudonymizaci\u201c \u2013 volbu slov, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017enila uznat sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, ani\u017e by p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho. Tato terminologie vytvo\u0159ila prostor pro volnost, ale ne\u0159e\u0161ila hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kalifornsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon CCPA zvolil podobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Mnoho ustanoven\u00ed vych\u00e1zelo z GDPR, v\u010detn\u011b definic anonymizace a deidentifikace. Stejn\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed stejnou slabinu. Pokud je definice chybn\u00e1, je chybn\u00fd i z\u00e1kon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1kon byl p\u0159ijat, pojmy kodifikov\u00e1ny, uplynuly roky \u2013 zm\u011bnilo se n\u011bco?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V Kansasu nab\u00edz\u00ed startup mo\u017enou odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Reidentifika\u010dn\u00ed byznys<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Spole\u010dnost Stealth Data LLC<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v Kansasu v roce 2020, se prezentuje jako spole\u010dnost zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se datovou analytikou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">M\u00edstn\u00ed m\u00e9dia uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed identifikovat a\u017e 50 % tzv. anonymn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b jmen, telefonn\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel, e-mail\u016f, fyzick\u00fdch adres, pracovn\u00edch pozic, zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f, \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin a profil\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spole\u010dnost tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et kompletn\u00ed profily n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f ze sign\u00e1l\u016f a vzorc\u016f chov\u00e1n\u00ed prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de. Stejn\u00e1 relace prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, kterou platformy deklaruj\u00ed jako anonymn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k extrakci vysoce specifick\u00fdch osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tohle nen\u00ed hack \u2013 je to leg\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed model.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spole\u010dnost otev\u0159en\u011b popisuje sv\u00e9 schopnosti. Shroma\u017e\u010fuje data prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch webov\u00fdch interakc\u00ed a v\u00fdsledky prod\u00e1v\u00e1 klient\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed informace o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a chov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kansas tento model nezak\u00e1zal. Ani ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty. Infrastruktura pro reidentifikaci existuje \u2013 a nikdo se ji v\u00e1\u017en\u011b nesna\u017e\u00ed zastavit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1kony na ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f nad\u00e1le propaguj\u00ed anonymizovan\u00e1 data jako ochrann\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, zat\u00edmco datov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti sou\u010dasn\u011b vyv\u00edjej\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 anonymizaci obracej\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ob\u011b reality existuj\u00ed \u2013 ale v z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f je zm\u00edn\u011bna pouze jedna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V roce 2000 koupila\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Latanya Sweeneyov\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0v Cambridge v Massachusetts za dvacet dolar\u016f dv\u011b diskety obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1znamy o registraci voli\u010d\u016f. Obsahovaly jm\u00e9na, adresy, PS\u010c, data narozen\u00ed a pohlav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto informac\u00ed polo\u017eila ot\u00e1zku: Kolik Ameri\u010dan\u016f lze jednozna\u010dn\u011b identifikovat podle PS\u010c, data narozen\u00ed a pohlav\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdsledek:\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">87 %<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">216 milion\u016f lid\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed a st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady zve\u0159ejnily l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 data bez jmen a telefonn\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel a ozna\u010dily je za anonymn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sweeney uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee anonymita miz\u00ed, kdy\u017e se tato t\u0159i pole spoj\u00ed. Po\u0161tovn\u00ed sm\u011brovac\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo zredukovalo po\u010det na n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc, pohlav\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce a datum narozen\u00ed na jednu osobu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech s po\u0161tovn\u00edmi sm\u011brovac\u00edmi \u010d\u00edslami sta\u010dily k identifikaci pouze demografick\u00e9 informace. Seznamy voli\u010d\u016f v kombinaci s ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi \u00fadaji mohly propojit zdravotn\u00ed informace s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi osobami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny a velk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pova\u017eovaly anonymitu za odstran\u011bn\u00ed zjevn\u00fdch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f. Jakmile byla jm\u00e9na odstran\u011bna, datov\u00e1 sada byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za bezpe\u010dnou \u2013 p\u0159edpoklad, kter\u00fd se zhroutil po propojen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch registr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Kvaziidentifik\u00e1tory<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0neboli nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 charakteristiky se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Fungovaly jako spolehliv\u00e9 markery. Sweeney je pou\u017eil k demonstraci toho, jak snadno lze identitu rekonstruovat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Data z PS\u010c identifikovala v\u011bt\u0161inu Ameri\u010dan\u016f. Informace podle okres\u016f zahrnovaly men\u0161\u00ed, ale v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 skupiny. Kombinovan\u00e9 datov\u00e9 soubory eliminovaly jakoukoli anonymitu.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed datov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sweeney slou\u010dil data z registrace voli\u010d\u016f a z nemocnic ze stejn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta. Data z nemocnic zahrnovala diagn\u00f3zy, PS\u010c, pohlav\u00ed a datum narozen\u00ed. Seznamy voli\u010d\u016f obsahovaly jm\u00e9na a stejn\u00e9 charakteristiky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed data narozen\u00ed, pohlav\u00ed a PS\u010c odhalilo p\u0159\u00edmou souvislost mezi identitou a diagn\u00f3zou. Data m\u011bla b\u00fdt anonymn\u00ed, ale slou\u017eila jako identifik\u00e1tory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Materi\u00e1l poch\u00e1zel z ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f a byl leg\u00e1ln\u011b dostupn\u00fd ke koupi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V roce 2000 shroma\u017e\u010fovalo\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">44 st\u00e1t\u016f USA<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0data z nemocnic. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich je sd\u00edlely s v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky, konzultanty a spole\u010dnostmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Rada pro kontrolu n\u00e1klad\u016f na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di v Illinois po\u017eadovala kompletn\u00ed data narozen\u00ed, p\u011btim\u00edstn\u00e9 PS\u010c a pohlav\u00ed \u2013 stejn\u00e1 pole byla pozd\u011bji zve\u0159ejn\u011bna v souhrnn\u00e9 podob\u011b. Tyto kombinace byly v mnoha oblastech dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro identifikaci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Agentura\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">pro v\u00fdzkum a kvalitu zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de (AHRQ)<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0shrom\u00e1\u017edila podobn\u00e1 data prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze l\u016f\u017ekov\u00fdch pacient\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty odstranily p\u0159esn\u00e1 data narozen\u00ed, jin\u00e9 ponechaly m\u011bs\u00edc a rok. Datov\u00e9 sady obsahovaly data p\u0159ijet\u00ed, diagn\u00f3zy a informace o nemocnic\u00edch. Standardy k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161ily.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm nebylo provedeno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 systematick\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed anonymity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zobecn\u011bn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">princip roz\u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9 d\u00edry<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0popisuje, co se stane, kdy\u017e po\u010det mo\u017en\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed atribut\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed populaci \u2013 pak n\u011bkter\u00e9 kombinace pat\u0159\u00ed pouze jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sweeney vypo\u010d\u00edtal, jak se velikost populace a hloubka atribut\u016f vz\u00e1jemn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b oblast\u00ed s PS\u010c v USA bylo v ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna anonymita.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V jedn\u00e9 oblasti s v\u00edce ne\u017e 112 000 obyvateli bylo st\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit toto\u017enost jednotlivc\u016f. V jin\u00e9 oblasti s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 400 obyvateli bylo tolik lid\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bno v jedn\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b, \u017ee jasnost byla pravidlem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Anonymizace jako statistick\u00e1 vlastnost dat selhala \u2013 nikoli kv\u016fli zneu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nemocnice a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentury p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daly, \u017ee jejich data nebudou propojena s jin\u00fdmi zdroji. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 datov\u00e9 sady tento p\u0159edpoklad vyvr\u00e1tily. Kombinace jednoduch\u00fdch demografick\u00fdch dat zviditelnila identity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Odstran\u011bn\u00ed jmen a telefonn\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel nenab\u00edzelo \u017e\u00e1dnou skute\u010dnou ochranu, kdy\u017e stejnou funkci plnila i jin\u00e1 pole. Sweeneyho v\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se to dalo p\u0159edv\u00eddat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1vazky v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti byly zalo\u017eeny na neov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159edpokladech o tom, jak by mohla b\u00fdt data pou\u017eita.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sweeneyho pr\u00e1ce je star\u00e1 25 let \u2013 a vzorce p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Zdravotn\u00ed, loka\u010dn\u00ed a spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 \u00fadaje jsou i nad\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159eny s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm dohledem a v\u00e1gn\u00edmi z\u00e1rukami soukrom\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reclaimthenet.org\/how-anonymized-data-can-be-a-myth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anonymizace slibuje neviditelnost, ale nab\u00edz\u00ed pouze pap\u00edrovou masku \u2013 snadno ji strhnou tyt\u00e9\u017e syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90639,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,9959,2195],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90638"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90638"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90638\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}