{"id":90573,"date":"2025-10-25T00:25:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T22:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90573"},"modified":"2025-10-24T10:47:22","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T08:47:22","slug":"petr-sak-reakce-na-otazku-lukase-valese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/25\/petr-sak-reakce-na-otazku-lukase-valese\/","title":{"rendered":"Petr Sak: Reakce na ot\u00e1zku Luk\u00e1\u0161e Vale\u0161e"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

\u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed voli\u010dsk\u00e1 st\u00e1dovitost?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0po\u0159adu Kup\u0159edu do minulosti Martiny Kocianov\u00e9 \u201eVale\u0161 a\u00a0Hn\u00edzdil: Politici nemaj\u00ed vizi budoucnosti, a\u00a0proto odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pozornost od vlastn\u00ed neschopnosti<\/strong><\/em>[<\/strong><\/em>1]<\/a>\u201c jeden z nejlep\u0161\u00edch, ne-li jedin\u00fd skute\u010dn\u00fd politolog L. Vale\u0161 v\u011bnoval pozornost vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v z\u00e1vislosti na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0 Klade ot\u00e1zku, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou vzd\u011blan\u00ed, maj\u00ed nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed postoje ke spole\u010densk\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m a maj\u00ed n\u00e1zory na spole\u010denskou situaci, kter\u00e9 neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed realit\u011b. Naopak lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed jen maturitu, anebo ani tu nemaj\u00ed, jsou schopni spole\u010denskou realitu vn\u00edmat daleko re\u00e1ln\u011bji a racion\u00e1ln\u011bji. Luk\u00e1\u0161 Vale\u0161 otev\u00edr\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, co zp\u016fsobuje tento paradox, kdy s r\u016fstem vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed kles\u00e1 schopnost vn\u00edmat spole\u010denskou realitu racion\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee ot\u00e1zka k\u00a0tomuto paradoxu se \u010dasto objevuje, pokus\u00edm se p\u0159edlo\u017eit na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u011b\u010f. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se vzd\u00e1l\u00edm v\u00a0\u010dase a\u00a0prostoru. Sociolog R. Reichl uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0USA pouze n\u011bkolik procent populace je vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1no, aby bylo schopno kriticky a\u00a0analyticky pracovat s\u00a0informacemi.\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina populace v\u00a0procesu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b hotov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a\u00a0poznatky<\/strong>\u00a0bez\u00a0metodologie, jak se k\u00a0nim dosp\u00edv\u00e1\u201c[2]<\/a>\u00a0(Reichl, 2002).<\/p>\n

Zde je kl\u00ed\u010d k\u00a0pochopen\u00ed i\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 reality. K\u00a0pochopen\u00ed uvedu k\u00a0analogii virovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. \u010c\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed dobu je organizmus vystaven virov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei, t\u00edm je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee bude posti\u017eena funk\u010dnost org\u00e1n\u016f a\u00a0jejich stav.\u00a0 Ve vztahu k\u00a0osobnosti a\u00a0k\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdm psychick\u00fdm funkc\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b kognitivn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed, m\u00e1 stejnou funkci vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. (\u00datok na jedince za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ji\u017e v\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole, kdy s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed neziskov\u00fdch organizac\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed zpochyb\u0148uje hol\u010di\u010dk\u00e1m, \u017ee jsou hol\u010di\u010dky a\u00a0chlape\u010dk\u016fm, \u017ee jsou chlape\u010dci). \u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le p\u016fsob\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed na jedince, t\u00edm siln\u011bji jsou po\u0161kozeny jeho kognitivn\u00ed dovednosti[3]<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0nahrazeny indoktrinac\u00ed. \u00a0To je ta \u201evirov\u00e1\u201c z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kozuje \u201emozek\u201c. A\u00a0zde je i\u00a0vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d s\u00a0rostouc\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm kles\u00e1 schopnost vn\u00edmat spole\u010denskou realitu a\u00a0p\u0159istupovat k\u00a0n\u00ed racion\u00e1ln\u011b. Proto prost\u00fd selsk\u00fd rozum[4]<\/a>\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed nad vzd\u011blanost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti je likvidac\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed. Bezprecedentn\u00edm d\u016fkazem je volba \u201evzd\u011blan\u00e9\u201c Pra\u017esk\u00e9 kav\u00e1rny Jana Lipavsk\u00e9ho. Tak\u00e9 jsem si pov\u0161iml, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0159ady \u0161kol v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed, jsou ve sv\u00fdch textech propagandisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0ideologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a\u00a0naopak jim chyb\u00ed analytick\u00e1 hloubka a\u00a0kontext v\u00a0nahl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m je tak\u00e9 ve vymezen\u00ed vzd\u011blanosti. Ta se v\u011bt\u0161inou ch\u00e1pe jako vlastnictv\u00ed dokumentu dokl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto\u017ee moc a\u00a0pen\u00edze jsou zam\u011bniteln\u00e9 a\u00a0ve zkorumpovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je za pen\u00edze k\u00a0dost\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161echno. \u010casto je tento doklad o\u00a0vzd\u011blanosti (diplom) v\u00fdsledkem pen\u011bz nebo moci. Proto, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u00a0politik\u016f, m\u00e1 vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd diplom pochybn\u00fd charakter.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed neznamen\u00e1 pouze osvojen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 sumy znalost\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 osvojen\u00ed dovednost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b dovednost\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch. Av\u0161ak u\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0mlad\u00e9 generace existuje hlubok\u00fd deficit kognitivn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed, co\u017e je c\u00edlem vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu, ale tak\u00e9 d\u016fsledkem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch program\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nekompetentn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f lid\u00ed s\u00a0vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdm diplomem je chybn\u00e1 interpretace dat pr\u016fzkum\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159i\u00a0standardn\u00ed intepretaci t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed druh\u00e9ho stupn\u011b s\u00a0korela\u010dn\u00edm koeficientem, analytik doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm o\u00a0preferenc\u00edch lid\u00ed s\u00a0vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm pro ur\u010ditou politickou stranu (nap\u0159.\u00a0p\u011btikoalici).[6]<\/a>\u00a0Tento z\u00e1v\u011br by byl v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku, pokud by vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed bylo rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozlo\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0popula\u010dn\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edc\u00edch.\u00a0 Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee do poloviny devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let vysokou \u0161kolu \u0161lo studovat 9-10\u00a0% lid\u00ed z\u00a0popula\u010dn\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku a\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tkem tis\u00edcilet\u00ed to bylo 60 %, tak vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd diplom je statisticky siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fd na v\u011bku. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 prom\u011bnn\u00e1 je v\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b v\u011bk, a\u00a0teprve n\u00e1sledn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Tomuto jevu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u00a0fale\u0161n\u00e1 korelace<\/strong>. Pokud by cht\u011bl analytik vylou\u010dit tuto fale\u0161nou korelaci a zjistit vliv vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed na zkoumanou prom\u011bnou, musel by ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho souboru zkonstruovat datov\u00fd soubor s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm rozlo\u017een\u00edm vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

*<\/h2>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_6DkrdM__SU<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

[2]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0R<\/em>eich, R. B.\u00a0 D\u00edlo n\u00e1rod\u016f: p\u0159\u00edprava na kapitalismus 21.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Praha: Prostor, 2002.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0To byl tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 d\u00e1vali p\u0159ednost v\u00fduce sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed v\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00edm vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

[4]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0Viz \u010dl\u00e1nek Sak, P.\u00a0Mlad\u00ed, vzd\u011blan\u00ed Pra\u017ean\u00e9 a\u00a0nevzd\u011blan\u00ed, hloup\u00ed, sta\u0159\u00ed venkovan\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

[5]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0Mlad\u00e1 a\u00a0pohledn\u00e1 Danu\u0161e Nerudov\u00e1 za pen\u00edze dod\u00e1vala dokonce diplomy PhD. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tato, vlastn\u011b trestn\u00ed kauza ji nevad\u00ed v\u00a0jak\u00e9koliv kari\u00e9\u0159e (kandidovat na prezidenta, europoslanec). Co je dovoleno Jovovi (Nerudov\u00e9), nen\u00ed dovoleno volovi (Turkovi, Macinkovi).<\/em><\/p>\n

[6]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0Vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd diplom m\u00e1 jinou hodnotu u\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho osmdes\u00e1tn\u00edka a\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho t\u0159ic\u00e1tn\u00edka.<\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/h2>\n

Petr Sak<\/a> \u2013 autor je sociolog a\u00a0vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd pedagog<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed voli\u010dsk\u00e1 st\u00e1dovitost? V\u00a0po\u0159adu Kup\u0159edu do minulosti Martiny Kocianov\u00e9 \u201eVale\u0161 a\u00a0Hn\u00edzdil:…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,122,678],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90573"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90573\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}