{"id":90517,"date":"2025-10-24T00:32:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T22:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90517"},"modified":"2025-10-23T18:43:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T16:43:13","slug":"autoritarstvi-cenzura-militarizace-pravnici-varuji-pred-zdravotnimi-predpisy-who","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/24\/autoritarstvi-cenzura-militarizace-pravnici-varuji-pred-zdravotnimi-predpisy-who\/","title":{"rendered":"Autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, cenzura, militarizace: Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed zdravotn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy WHO"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jak\u00e9 d\u016fsledky bude m\u00edt nov\u00fd Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd p\u0159edpis WHO, kter\u00fd N\u011bmecko hodl\u00e1 sv\u011bdomit\u011b implementovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00e1kona o souhlasu? P\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed nejasnosti a nedostatek transparentnosti, ale pr\u00e1vn\u00ed experti ji\u017e bij\u00ed na poplach. Omezov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody projevu, podkop\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parlament\u016f v \u201ekrizov\u00fdch situac\u00edch\u201c a autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 technokratizace syst\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de: Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed experti maluj\u00ed bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u00fd obraz budoucnosti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Berl\u00edn.\u00a0<\/span>(multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0N\u011bkolik pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f vyjad\u0159uje obavy z d\u016fsledk\u016f reformovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0(IHR), kter\u00e9 N\u011bmecko tak\u00e9 hodl\u00e1 zav\u00e9st prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vlastn\u00edho z\u00e1kona o souhlasu. \u00dastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edk Volker Boehme-Ne\u00dfler nap\u0159\u00edklad varuje p\u0159ed omezen\u00edm svobody projevu. V rozhovoru\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>pro<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0organizaci \u201eL\u00e9ka\u0159i pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c (\u00c4FI) vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee N\u011bmecko je podle IHR povinno zajistit \u201ezlep\u0161en\u00ed komunikace rizik\u201c. Pokud v\u0161ak budou st\u00e1ty povinny p\u0159edch\u00e1zet \u201edezinformac\u00edm\u201c, budou nuceny \u201eomezit svobodu projevu mnohem v\u00edce, ne\u017e je p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9\u201c. Pr\u00e1vn\u00edk se ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v budouc\u00edm \u201esyst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy informac\u00ed\u201c bude rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi kritikou a dezinformacemi \u201evelmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boehme-Ne\u00dfler zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee krom\u011b toho existuje pouze \u201evelmi m\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e9 N\u011bmecko z\u00e1konem o schv\u00e1len\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f (MZP) p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace<\/span><\/a> \u00a0(WHO) m\u00e1 sice \u201ev\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravomoci\u201c, ale m\u016f\u017ee vyd\u00e1vat pouze \u201edoporu\u010den\u00ed\u201c a \u010dist\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b \u201enem\u016f\u017ee vynucovat\u201c jednotliv\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Pr\u00e1vn\u00edk z\u00e1rove\u0148 kritizoval n\u00e1zor omezen\u00fd na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed formulaci jako \u201enaivn\u00ed\u201c. Tvrdil, \u017ee \u201enez\u00e1vazn\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed\u201c gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele by m\u011blo politick\u00e9 a psychologick\u00e9 dopady \u201ev p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pandemie\u201c, co\u017e by fakticky vedlo k \u201emusej\u00edc\u00edm implementac\u00edm t\u011bchto doporu\u010den\u00ed\u201c. Pova\u017eoval za \u201eiluzorn\u00ed\u201c p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee by n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parlamenty pak mohly skute\u010dn\u011b uplat\u0148ovat vliv. \u201eTo nebudou schopny,\u201c \u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Boehme-Ne\u00dflera reforma IHR nav\u00edc zapad\u00e1 do celkov\u00e9ho \u201etechnokratick\u00e9ho trendu ve zdravotnictv\u00ed\u201c. Technokratick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup nen\u00ed ani v\u011bdeck\u00fd, ani demokratick\u00fd, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201eautorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd\u201c. \u201eCentrum\u201c \u2013 WHO nebo jej\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel \u2013 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 sm\u011brnice a definice. \u201eA pak se stroj rozb\u011bhne. Nen\u00ed prostor pro p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed, pro odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1zory,\u201c varuje Boehme-Ne\u00dfler. Nav\u00edc tento p\u0159\u00edstup nen\u00ed \u201eefektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee nelze p\u0159edepsat tot\u00e9\u017e pro ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t. St\u00e1ty se od sebe neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vni\u010dka a docentka Amrei M\u00fcllerov\u00e1 tak\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201etechnokratizaci\u201c. Na ot\u00e1zku \u010dasopisu Multipolar v\u0161ak zasazuje tento v\u00fdvoj do je\u0161t\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho kontextu \u201esekurizace\u201c, kterou lze p\u0159elo\u017eit term\u00ednem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>militarizace<\/span><\/a> \u201c. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento trend m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v biologick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. M\u00fcllerov\u00e1 poukazuje na to, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec a p\u0159\u00edstup WHO jsou dominov\u00e1ny \u201eGlob\u00e1ln\u00ed doktr\u00ednou zdravotn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti\u201c. To platilo ji\u017e p\u0159ed novelizac\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f v roce 2024. \u201eTechnokratick\u00fd trend\u201c proto \u201ev \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b\u201c nen\u00ed nov\u00fd. Koncept \u201estavu zdravotn\u00ed nouze\u201c byl v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu zaveden ji\u017e v 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed a poch\u00e1z\u00ed z americk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Pr\u00e1vni\u010dka poukazuje na to, \u017ee Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy byly ji\u017e mezi lety 1995 a 2005 \u201ed\u016fkladn\u011b revidov\u00e1ny\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vni\u010dka Beate Sibylle Pfeilov\u00e1 tak\u00e9 poukazuje na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kontext. Ve sv\u00e9m\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0k n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona o schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f (MZP) identifikuje n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch \u201estruktur\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f\u201c v r\u00e1mci WHO. Mezi nimi uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u201enedostatek transparentnosti\u201c organizace. Zat\u00edmco \u201epolitika zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed\u201c WHO zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jej\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bodech, jako je zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159et\u016f z\u00e1jm\u016f nebo smluv s d\u00e1rci, do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9. \u201eP\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed nedostatek transparentnosti\u201c zhor\u0161uje \u201eji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vliv a kontrolu\u201c a celkov\u011b vede k \u201enedostatku ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dohledu\u201c. WHO tak\u00e9 odm\u00edtla poskytnout spole\u010dnosti Multipolar jak\u00e9koli informace o praktick\u00e9m prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Multipolar se obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmala o to, zda a do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry budou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty povinny pod\u00edlet se na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho \u201e Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho sboru pro\u00a0<\/span>nouzov\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed \u00a0situace\u201c v r\u00e1mci reformovan\u00e9ho Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du (MZP). Pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 struktura, kter\u00e1 se ji\u017e zav\u00e1d\u00ed, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed standardizaci a \u201ekompatibilitu\u201c zdravotnick\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu. Vedouc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 se maj\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b organizovat a koordinovat v nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm centrem je WHO s \u201emalou skupinou expert\u016f\u201c.\u00a0 Tento koncept byl\u00a0\u00a0mimo jin\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>inspirov\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Billem Gatesem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. V\u00fdslovn\u011b tak\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vyu\u017eit\u00edm<\/span><\/a> \u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence (AI), nap\u0159\u00edklad pro \u201eoptimalizovan\u00fd dohled\u201c, \u201e\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed person\u00e1lu\u201c nebo \u201eprediktivn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu nouzov\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch situac\u00ed\u201c. WHO tak\u00e9 ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed AI nezodpov\u011bzen\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Institut Roberta Kocha (RKI) se rovn\u011b\u017e odm\u00edtl vyj\u00e1d\u0159it k praktick\u00e9 implementaci Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f (MZP) a \u201eGlob\u00e1ln\u00edho nouzov\u00e9ho velitelstv\u00ed pro zdrav\u00ed\u201c. V reakci na \u017e\u00e1dost spole\u010dnosti Multipolar institut nejprve po\u017e\u00e1dal o v\u00edce \u010dasu, ale pot\u00e9 v\u011bc postoupil tiskov\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159i WHO. V N\u011bmecku je za \u201eNouzov\u00e9 velitelstv\u00ed\u201c zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed viceprezidentka RKI Johanna Hanefeldov\u00e1. Dokument WHO\u00a0<\/span>rovn\u011b\u017e<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0odhaluje, \u017ee WHO v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b spolupracuje s \u201epr\u016fkopnick\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi\u201c na \u201eidentifikaci mezer pro dal\u0161\u00ed investice\u201c. RKI se odm\u00edtl vyj\u00e1d\u0159it k tomu, zda je N\u011bmecko jednou z \u201epr\u016fkopnick\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c. Institut rovn\u011b\u017e odm\u00edtl poskytnout informace o dal\u0161\u00edch potenci\u00e1ln\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch osob\u00e1ch a instituc\u00edch zapojen\u00fdch do implementace MZP. Po opakovan\u00fdch dotazech institut nakonec uvedl: \u201eT\u00e9ma, na kter\u00e9 se pt\u00e1te, je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem diskuse.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Aktualizace 22.10.:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy RKI uvedla: \u201eGHEC je koncept, kter\u00fd vyv\u00edj\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b WHO. Obsah je\u0161t\u011b nebyl finalizov\u00e1n a nebyly zad\u00e1ny ani implementov\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fakoly. RKI v tuto chv\u00edli nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda by se tak m\u011blo st\u00e1t.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek je adaptac\u00ed knihy <\/span>Multipolar<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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Jak\u00e9 d\u016fsledky bude m\u00edt nov\u00fd Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd p\u0159edpis WHO, kter\u00fd N\u011bmecko hodl\u00e1 sv\u011bdomit\u011b implementovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90518,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1395,1169,1402,81],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90517"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90517"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90517\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}