{"id":90409,"date":"2025-10-23T00:12:32","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T22:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90409"},"modified":"2025-10-22T13:10:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T11:10:09","slug":"svycarska-laborator-vyvinula-hybridni-virus-ptaci-chripky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/23\/svycarska-laborator-vyvinula-hybridni-virus-ptaci-chripky\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 laborato\u0159 vyvinula hybridn\u00ed virus pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Chim\u00e9rick\u00fd \u201eFrankenstein\u016fv\u201c patogen, kter\u00fd kombinuje geny pt\u00e1k\u016f, savc\u016f a med\u00faz, byl ve studii pops\u00e1n jako infek\u010dn\u00ed pro sav\u010d\u00ed bu\u0148ky \u2013 a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed obavy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie<\/a>\u00a0zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1\u00a0v pond\u011bl\u00ed v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopise Nature Communications<\/span><\/a><\/em>\u00a0popisuje, jak \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci vyvinuli rekombinantn\u00ed virus pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky \u201eFrankenstein\u201c kombinac\u00ed gen\u016f z viru pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky H5, genetick\u00e9 struktury sav\u010d\u00edho viru a fluorescen\u010dn\u00edho genu z med\u00fazy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161e ve jm\u00e9nu v\u00fdvoje vakc\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsko je smluvn\u00ed stranou\u00a0\u00damluvy<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0o biologick\u00fdch zbran\u00edch<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 zakazuje \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 zbran\u011b, ale povoluje v\u00fdvoj a dr\u017een\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a toxin\u016f pro \u201eobrann\u00e9\u201c nebo \u201eochrann\u00e9\u201c \u00fa\u010dely \u2013 co\u017e je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e1 z\u00f3na, kter\u00e1 fakticky\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uje\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>biologick\u00e9 programy dvoj\u00edho u\u017eit\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0pod rou\u0161kou m\u00edrov\u00fdch \u00famysl\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, samotn\u00fd koncept \u201ev\u00fdvoje vakc\u00edny\u201c vy\u017eaduje mor\u00e1ln\u00ed a v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 proto\u017ee pod touto hlavi\u010dkou vl\u00e1dy a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 instituce b\u011b\u017en\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed, upravuj\u00ed a hromad\u00ed viry, kter\u00e9 by stejn\u011b snadno mohly slou\u017eit jako biologick\u00e9 zbran\u011b \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e \u00famysln\u011b nebo ne\u00famysln\u011b \u2013 jako l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd Kongres, B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm, Ministerstvo energetiky, FBI a CIA potvrdily, \u017ee pandemie COVID-19 je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00fdsledkem\u00a0<\/span>laboratorn\u00edch manipulac\u00ed s patogeny<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd virov\u00fd konstrukt infikuje sav\u010d\u00ed bu\u0148ky<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nov\u00e1 publikace v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopise Nature Communications<\/span><\/em>\u00a0potvrzuje, \u017ee konstrukt \u2013 zalo\u017een\u00fd na\u00a0<\/span>viru vezikul\u00e1rn\u00ed stomatitidy (VSV)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 byl schopen proniknout a replikovat se v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch lini\u00edch savc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 studie uv\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eAbychom vyvinuli vakc\u00ednu specifickou pro dan\u00fd klad, zkonstruovali jsme replikonov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice VSV\u0394G(H5) k\u00f3duj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u010f nemodifikovanou HA kmene\u00a0<\/span>A\/Dalmatian Pelican\/Bern\/1\/2022 (H5N1)<\/span>\u00a0s polybazick\u00fdm \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fdm m\u00edstem (pb), nebo variantu s monobazick\u00fdm \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fdm m\u00edstem (mb)\u2026\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci odstranili p\u0159irozen\u00fd gen pro vstup viru VSV na povrch a nahradili ho proteinem H5, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vysoce patogenn\u00ed varianty pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky izolovan\u00e9 z pelik\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee VSV je sav\u010d\u00ed virus, kombinuje tato manipulace\u00a0<\/span>vstupn\u00ed mechanismy pta\u010d\u00edho viru<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0s\u00a0<\/span>replika\u010dn\u00edm apar\u00e1tem sav\u010d\u00edho viru<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konstrukt tak\u00e9 obsahuje\u00a0<\/span>gen GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0z med\u00fazy\u00a0<\/span>Aequorea victoria<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje z\u00e1\u0159i infikovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vektor tedy obsahuje genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l ze\u00a0<\/span>t\u0159\u00ed druhov\u00fdch skupin<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: pt\u00e1k\u016f, savc\u016f a med\u00faz.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Mezidruhov\u00e1 infek\u010dnost<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Studie ukazuje, \u017ee chim\u00e9rick\u00fd virus m\u016f\u017ee\u00a0<\/span>infikovat n\u011bkolik sav\u010d\u00edch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch lini\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eReplikace multicyklick\u00e9ho viru na bu\u0148k\u00e1ch MDCK. Bu\u0148ky byly infikov\u00e1ny uveden\u00fdmi viry (moi = 0,0001) a supernatant bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 kultury byl odebr\u00e1n 1, 24 a 48 hodin po infekci. Infek\u010dn\u00ed titry byly stanoveny na bu\u0148k\u00e1ch BHK-21 (pr\u016fm\u011br \u00b1 SD ze 3 infek\u010dn\u00edch experiment\u016f).\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eSm\u011bs protil\u00e1tek a vir\u016f byla pot\u00e9 p\u0159enesena do konfluentn\u00edch monovrstev bun\u011bk MDCK nebo Vero v 96jamkov\u00fdch kultiva\u010dn\u00edch desti\u010dk\u00e1ch a inkubov\u00e1na po dobu 24 hodin p\u0159i 37 \u00b0C.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee bu\u0148ky k\u0159e\u010dka (BHK-21), ps\u00ed bu\u0148ky (MDCK) a opi\u010d\u00ed bu\u0148ky (Vero E6) byly \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b infikov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek potvrzuje, \u017ee virus vybaven\u00fd pta\u010d\u00edmi proteiny m\u016f\u017ee proniknout a replikovat se v sav\u010d\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch \u2013 co\u017e\u00a0<\/span>je d\u016fkaz mezidruhov\u00e9 kompatibility<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Replika\u010dn\u00ed kompetence v sav\u010d\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Frankenstein\u016fv virus se replikoval a \u0161\u00ed\u0159il v sav\u010d\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch \u2013 vytv\u00e1\u0159el nov\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice a prok\u00e1zal tak\u00a0<\/span>plnou replika\u010dn\u00ed kapacitu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eVSV\u0394G(H5pb) s polybazick\u00fdm \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fdm m\u00edstem vykazoval omezen\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a ur\u010dit\u00e9 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed viru. Naproti tomu konstrukt k\u00f3duj\u00edc\u00ed jak divok\u00fd typ HA, tak i NA viru\u00a0<\/span>A\/Dalmatian Pelican\/Bern\/1\/2022 (H5N1)<\/span>\u00a0\u2014VSV\u0394G(H5pb:N1:GFP) \u2014 se efektivn\u011b replikoval a dos\u00e1hl p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10\u2077 ffu\/ml po 48 hodin\u00e1ch pi.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm obou gen\u016f ch\u0159ipky (HA a NA) se hybridn\u00ed virus stal\u00a0<\/span>schopn\u00fdm replikace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a dos\u00e1hl vysok\u00fdch hladin viru v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch savc\u016f \u2013 co\u017e je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd funk\u010dn\u00ed zisk ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdmi viry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Virus nejen\u017ee napadl \u2013\u00a0<\/span>produkoval nov\u00e9 viry<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a infikoval sousedn\u00ed bu\u0148ky.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Efektivn\u00ed tvorba a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vir\u016f<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Auto\u0159i zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>genu neuraminid\u00e1zy (NA)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0bylo kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro uvoln\u011bn\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNA je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro efektivn\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00edch virov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

To umo\u017enilo hybridn\u00edmu viru \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se z bu\u0148ky do bu\u0148ky \u2013 schopnost, kterou p\u016fvodn\u00ed konstrukt bez NA sotva m\u011bl.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 replikace a vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed u \u017eiv\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee verze vybran\u00e1 pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed na zv\u00ed\u0159atech byla pops\u00e1na jako \u201ereplika\u010dn\u011b defektn\u00ed\u201c,\u00a0<\/span>o\u010dkovan\u00e1 ku\u0159ata st\u00e1le vylu\u010dovala virovou RNA<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eBylo pozorov\u00e1no minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vRNA\u2026 omezeno na jeden den u dvou pt\u00e1k\u016f a v\u00fdhradn\u011b p\u0159es orofarynge\u00e1ln\u00ed oblast.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee rekombinantn\u00ed virus\u00a0<\/span>z\u016fstal v \u017eiv\u00e9m organismu aktivn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a produkoval genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm vylou\u010den\u00edm \u2013 co\u017e je zn\u00e1mkou biologick\u00e9 aktivity\u00a0<\/span>in vivo<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci informuj\u00ed o v\u00fdvoji a testov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>trojit\u00e9ho hybridn\u00edho viru,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z:<\/span><\/p>\n