{"id":90349,"date":"2025-10-22T00:27:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90349"},"modified":"2025-10-21T18:16:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T16:16:39","slug":"studie-eu-ukazuje-plug-in-hybridni-vozidla-znecistuji-zivotni-prostredi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/22\/studie-eu-ukazuje-plug-in-hybridni-vozidla-znecistuji-zivotni-prostredi\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie EU ukazuje: Plug-in hybridn\u00ed vozidla zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Studie sdru\u017een\u00ed EU pro dopravu a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (T&E) je nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1, proto\u017ee spr\u00e1vci firemn\u00edch vozov\u00fdch park\u016f v\u011bd\u00ed ji\u017e l\u00e9ta: Plug-in hybridn\u00ed vozidla (PHEV) jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b poh\u00e1n\u011bna spalovac\u00edm motorem. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee produkuj\u00ed v\u00edce CO2 ne\u017e kvalitn\u00ed diesel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne\u017e se pust\u00edm do detail\u016f, vyjmenuji t\u0159i kategorie aut s elektromotory. Zaprv\u00e9, existuj\u00ed \u010dist\u011b poctiv\u00e9 elektromobily. Ty maj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b elektrick\u00fd pohon. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Tesla. Pak jsou tu plug-in hybridy. Ty maj\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed spalovac\u00ed motor a mal\u00fd elektromotor s malou bateri\u00ed. B\u011bhem j\u00edzdy se spalovac\u00edm motorem se baterie nab\u00edj\u00ed, co\u017e vysta\u010d\u00ed na zhruba 50 kilometr\u016f bez emis\u00ed ve m\u011bst\u011b. Toyota dod\u00e1v\u00e1 takov\u00e1 vozidla a jsou docela cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e1, ale nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed registra\u010dn\u00ed zna\u010dku \u201eE\u201c ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dotace. V\u011bt\u0161ina typ\u016f E jsou plug-in hybridn\u00ed vozidla (PHEV). Jejich obvykle velk\u00e9 baterie se nab\u00edjej\u00ed kabelem na elektrick\u00e9 nab\u00edjec\u00ed stanici. Zat\u00edm dobr\u00e9, ale obvykle maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 velmi velk\u00fd spalovac\u00ed motor. Standardem jsou t\u0159i litry nebo v\u00edce zdvihov\u00e9ho objemu. Nen\u00ed proto jasn\u00e9, zda se jedn\u00e1 o spalovac\u00ed motory s elektromotorem, nebo elektromobily se spalovac\u00edm motorem. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v nich.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ed lety jeden mana\u017eer vozov\u00e9ho parku firemn\u00edch voz\u016f uvedl, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina vr\u00e1cen\u00fdch plug-in hybrid\u016f nem\u011bla ani vybalen\u00e9 nab\u00edjec\u00ed kabely. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee byly poh\u00e1n\u011bny pouze spalovac\u00edm motorem. V d\u016fsledku toho m\u011bly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise CO2 ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spalovac\u00ed motory, proto\u017ee musely tak\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et hmotnost baterie a elektromotoru. To je asi p\u016fl tuny. V\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed \u0161et\u0159ili na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kilogramu, aby udr\u017eeli spot\u0159ebu paliva co nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed p\u0159idali 500 kilogram\u016f, co\u017e m\u00e1 \u0159adu negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f. Tato t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 vozidla pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed brzdy a pneumatiky, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed v\u00edce pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic a nadm\u011brn\u011b zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed silnice. P\u0159i provozu na spalovac\u00ed motory spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce paliva. Ze v\u0161ech vozidel dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed plnou dotaci, v\u010detn\u011b osvobozen\u00ed od dan\u011b z vozidel. To je nepochopiteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee da\u0148 z vozidel je poplatek za u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a opot\u0159eben\u00ed silnic. Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 velikosti a hmotnosti opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed silnice v\u00edce ne\u017e spalovac\u00ed motor stejn\u00e9ho typu bez elektromotoru, a proto produkuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00edce pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bilance CO2 je zveli\u010dov\u00e1na<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pro v\u00fdrobce t\u011bchto plug-in hybrid\u016f je politicky \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed nafukovat svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu. R\u00e1di to d\u011blaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee to sni\u017euje \u201espot\u0159ebu vozov\u00e9ho parku\u201c. Pro tzv. zku\u0161ebn\u00ed provoz se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee zhruba 84 procent j\u00edzdy prob\u00edh\u00e1 elektricky. Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak tento pod\u00edl \u2013 tzv. faktor u\u017eitnosti \u2013 bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 27 \u200b\u200bprocent\u016fm, jak ukazuj\u00ed data ze studie. V pr\u016fm\u011bru tedy automobily v praxi emituj\u00ed pouze o 19 procent m\u00e9n\u011b CO2 ne\u017e vozidlo s konven\u010dn\u00edm benz\u00ednov\u00fdm motorem, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b 135 gram\u016f na kilometr, uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie. To je daleko od o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch \u00faspor CO2 ve v\u00fd\u0161i zhruba 75 procent v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. I v elektrick\u00e9m re\u017eimu jsou emise CO2 v\u00edce ne\u017e osmkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e emise zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch testech. S 135 gramy na kilometr jsou plug-in hybridy dokonce v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e statistick\u00e9 emise CO2 v\u0161ech nov\u00fdch automobil\u016f v roce 2025, kter\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed 108,1 gramu na kilometr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu, \u017ee tato 19procentn\u00ed \u00faspora ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s dieselem kles\u00e1 pod nulu, proto\u017ee diesel stejn\u011b produkuje asi o 30 procent m\u00e9n\u011b CO2 ne\u017e benz\u00ednov\u00fd motor a plug-in hybridy jsou v\u0161echny benz\u00ednov\u00e9 motory. Nav\u00edc je tu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 spot\u0159eba paliva kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 hmotnosti. Ekologick\u00e1 bilance plug-in hybridu je ji\u017e tak negativn\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s dobr\u00fdm dieselem. Ale je\u0161t\u011b jsem nezapo\u010d\u00edtal n\u00e1klady na elektrick\u00fd pohon a baterii. Tady to za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt d\u011bsiv\u00e9. Lithium a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly se mus\u00ed t\u011b\u017eit ze zem\u011b, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje spoustu energie, a doprovodn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody, dokonce devastaci. Dodate\u010dn\u00fd elektrick\u00fd pohon vy\u017eaduje ocel a hodn\u011b m\u011bdi. Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zeminy pro magnety v elektromotorech. Ach ano, a spoustu \u201eKoboldu\u201c, jak to vyj\u00e1d\u0159il nejlep\u0161\u00ed ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ech dob. V\u011bt\u0161inou ho t\u011b\u017e\u00ed d\u011bti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b si to nemohou dovolit<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

N\u00e1klady na elektrickou infrastrukturu jsou samo o sob\u011b t\u00e9matem. Elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b nejsou navr\u017eeny na mno\u017estv\u00ed elekt\u0159iny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k nab\u00edjen\u00ed elektromobil\u016f. V d\u016fsledku toho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1ny a posilov\u00e1ny. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee je k tomu zapot\u0159eb\u00ed mnoho v\u00fdkopov\u00fdch prac\u00ed, se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u011bdi. I to vy\u017eaduje energetick\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na t\u011b\u017ebu, se v\u0161emi \u0161kodami na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 s t\u00edm nevyhnuteln\u011b souvisej\u00ed. Tak\u017ee pokud se zamysl\u00edte nad elektromobily obecn\u011b, nad ekologickou bilanc\u00ed, v\u00fdsledek je jednozna\u010dn\u011b negativn\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako u v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn, pokud se v\u0161e vezme v \u00favahu poctiv\u011b a komplexn\u011b. Obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed CO2 je nevyhnuteln\u00e9 jen p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b obrovsk\u00fdch \u017eelezobetonov\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f. Samotn\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e a v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed se nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed. S pr\u016fm\u011brnou \u017eivotnost\u00ed 25 let je pochybn\u00e9, zda bude bilance CO2 v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn n\u011bkdy pozitivn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takhle by m\u011bl b\u00fdt navr\u017een poctiv\u00fd plug-in hybrid<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt plug-in hybrid (PHEV) naz\u00fdv\u00e1n elektromobilem a propagov\u00e1n, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 spalovac\u00ed motor o objemu t\u0159i a v\u00edce litr\u016f a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon? To nepodporuje j\u00edzdu na elekt\u0159inu. Skute\u010dn\u00fd plug-in hybrid by m\u011bl m\u00edt jako prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pohon elektromotor. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu strachu z vybit\u00ed baterie, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1n mal\u00fd spalovac\u00ed motor s v\u00fdkonem okolo 20 kW. Tento motor by v\u0161ak nem\u011bl b\u00fdt schopen poh\u00e1n\u011bt vozidlo p\u0159\u00edmo vlastn\u00ed p\u0159evodovkou. Spalovac\u00ed motor by m\u011bl nab\u00edjet baterii pouze v nouzov\u00fdch situac\u00edch, a tak poh\u00e1n\u011bt vozidlo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm elektromotoru, dokud nedos\u00e1hne dal\u0161\u00ed nab\u00edjec\u00ed stanice. V elektrick\u00e9m re\u017eimu se spot\u0159ebuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 a\u017e 20 kW na 100 kilometr\u016f. T\u00edm se eliminuje t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 hmotnost velk\u00e9ho spalovac\u00edho motoru a tak\u00e9 p\u0159evodovky. T\u00edm se tak\u00e9 dosahuje optimistick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu elektrick\u00e9ho provozu p\u0159es 80 procent. Tato \u201ene tak z\u00e1bavn\u00e1 vozidla\u201c ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebudou prodejn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161echno je postaveno na velk\u00e9 l\u017ei<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nad t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm se v\u0161ak st\u00e1le vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed titulek, \u017ee nic jako \u201ezm\u011bna klimatu zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bkem\u201c neexistuje. Jen za posledn\u00edch 2000 let do\u0161lo k n\u011bkolika tepl\u00fdm a chladn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm, kter\u00e1 rozhodn\u011b nebyla zp\u016fsobena lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed. Historie n\u00e1m ukazuje, \u017ee tepl\u00e1 obdob\u00ed o zhruba t\u0159i stupn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes byla v\u017edy doprov\u00e1zena dobr\u00fdmi \u010dasy. Klimatick\u00e1 hr\u016fza v\u0161ak nen\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezem Zelen\u00fdch. Prost\u011b se p\u0159idali k tomuto trendu. Od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku za n\u00ed st\u00e1li akt\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed sledovali a nad\u00e1le sleduj\u00ed strategie moci a zisku. Dal\u0161\u00edm a tentokr\u00e1t nevyhnuteln\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem bude, jak se s t\u00edmto haraburd\u00edm nalo\u017e\u00ed. V\u011btrn\u00e9 turb\u00edny, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely a miliony tun lithiov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dodnes nelze recyklovat. Poctiv\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed plug-in hybridn\u00edch vozidel tak otev\u00edr\u00e1 okno do cel\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se ni\u010d\u00ed ekonomika a t\u00edm i na\u0161e prosperita. A hnac\u00ed silou toho v\u0161eho byla op\u011bt Merkelov\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Peter Haisenko<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Studie sdru\u017een\u00ed EU pro dopravu a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (T&E) je nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1, proto\u017ee spr\u00e1vci firemn\u00edch vozov\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":72344,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2074,2692,41,839],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90349"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90349"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90349\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}