{"id":90323,"date":"2025-10-22T00:18:41","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90323"},"modified":"2025-10-21T12:00:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T10:00:16","slug":"zisk-funkce-mezi-velkou-britanii-a-cinou-viry-ptaci-chripky-prenasene-vzduchem-ktere-mohou-infikovat-lidi-a-dalsi-savce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/22\/zisk-funkce-mezi-velkou-britanii-a-cinou-viry-ptaci-chripky-prenasene-vzduchem-ktere-mohou-infikovat-lidi-a-dalsi-savce\/","title":{"rendered":"Zisk funkce mezi Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed a \u010c\u00ednou: Viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 vzduchem, kter\u00e9 mohou infikovat lidi a dal\u0161\u00ed savce"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost je ohro\u017eena, proto\u017ee vl\u00e1dou financovan\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsko-britsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm vytvo\u0159il viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky s novou mutac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje infikovat lidsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se vzduchem mezi savci.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Studie\u00a0<\/span>publikovan\u00e1 v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u010dasopise Journal of Virology<\/span><\/a><\/em>\u00a0potvrzuje, \u017ee \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed a brit\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci spole\u010dn\u011b v laborato\u0159i vytvo\u0159ili, vylep\u0161ili a testovali nov\u00e9 viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky ,\u00a0kter\u00e9 z\u00edskaly schopnost \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se vzduchem mezi savci a infikovat je.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kongres, B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm, ministerstvo energetiky, FBI a CIA ji\u017e potvrdily, \u017ee pandemie COVID-19 byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00fdsledkem laboratorn\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch patogen\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 experimenty vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obavy ohledn\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti a biologick\u00e9 ochrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zem\u011b po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed riskantn\u00ed experimenty s viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyv\u00edjej\u00ed l\u00e9ky k boji proti t\u00e9to nemoci \u2013 \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed jak probl\u00e9m, tak i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b st\u0159etu z\u00e1jm\u016f a motiv\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie \u2013 veden\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>Dr. Juanem Puem<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Dr. Jinhua Liuem<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0z \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 univerzity \u2013 pou\u017eila\u00a0<\/span>syst\u00e9m reverzn\u00ed genetiky zalo\u017een\u00fd na plazmidech<\/span><\/em>\u00a0ke konstrukci\u00a0syntetick\u00fdch vir\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na kmenech pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky\u00a0<\/span>H9N2<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>H7N9<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>H3N8 .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zavedl novou mutaci nazvanou\u00a0<\/span>PB2-E627V<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, co\u017e je zm\u011bna jedin\u00e9 aminokyseliny, kter\u00e1 se u t\u011bchto kmen\u016f p\u0159irozen\u011b nevyskytuje a umo\u017e\u0148uje vir\u016fm pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky p\u0159en\u00e9st se na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eRekombinantn\u00ed viry byly generov\u00e1ny za pou\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mu reverzn\u00ed genetiky zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na plazmidech na genetick\u00e9m pozad\u00ed 17\/H9N2, 17\/H7N9 a 22\/H3N8,\u201c napsali auto\u0159i.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Co zp\u016fsobila mutace<\/span><\/h3>\n

Mutace\u00a0<\/span>PB2-627V<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0p\u0159eklenula druhovou bari\u00e9ru mezi pt\u00e1ky a lidmi t\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017enila viru vyu\u017e\u00edvat hostitelsk\u00e9 proteiny z obou druh\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePB2-627V kombinuje virov\u00e9 vlastnosti pta\u010d\u00edho PB2-627E a lidsk\u00e9ho PB2-627K, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vir\u016fm AIV efektivn\u011b infikovat a replikovat se u ku\u0159at a my\u0161\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm jak pta\u010d\u00edch, tak lidsk\u00fdch protein\u016f ANP32A.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, modifikovan\u00e9 viry se replikovaly podobn\u011b jako pta\u010d\u00ed kmeny u pt\u00e1k\u016f a podobn\u011b jako lidsk\u00e9 viry ch\u0159ipky u savc\u016f \u2013\u00a0<\/span>dvojit\u00e1 adaptace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159irozenou molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed bari\u00e9ru, je\u017e norm\u00e1ln\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipce v uchyten\u00ed se u lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159enos aerosol\u016f u savc\u016f<\/span><\/h3>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee v\u011bdci infikovali\u00a0<\/span>fretky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd sav\u010d\u00ed model lidsk\u00e9 ch\u0159ipky \u2013 a zdokumentovali\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159enos kap\u00e9nkami z d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest (aerosoly)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePB2-627V podporuje efektivn\u00ed p\u0159enos mezi fretkami prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm respira\u010dn\u00edch kap\u00e9nek.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee modifikovan\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>kmen H9N2<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0se stal vzduchem p\u0159enosn\u00fdm a naka\u017eliv\u00fdm mezi savci \u2013 v\u00fdsledek, kter\u00fd p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 definici \u201e\u00a0<\/span>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho pandemick\u00e9ho patogenu (ePPP)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201c americk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, tj.\u00a0<\/span>potenci\u00e1ln\u011b pandemick\u00e9ho patogenu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, jeho\u017e p\u0159enosnost nebo virulence byla um\u011ble zv\u00fd\u0161ena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Replikace u ku\u0159at, my\u0161\u00ed a lid\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee laboratorn\u011b vyroben\u00e9 viry se efektivn\u011b replikovaly v\u00a0<\/span>plicn\u00ed tk\u00e1ni ku\u0159ete<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, produkovaly\u00a0<\/span>vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed virovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e v lidsk\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a u my\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsobovaly\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ne\u017e viry divok\u00e9ho typu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Viry se tak\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely p\u0159es\u00a0<\/span>p\u011bt generac\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch ku\u0159at<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 co\u017e dokazuje, \u017ee PB2-627V z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 geneticky stabiln\u00ed a p\u0159enosn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mutace by mohla\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat v populac\u00edch dr\u016fbe\u017ee<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a pozd\u011bji se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePB2-627V vykazoval vysok\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro trval\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed u ku\u0159at,\u201c uvedli auto\u0159i.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Financov\u00e1no \u010c\u00ednou a Spojen\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek zmi\u0148uje pouze\u00a0<\/span>\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 a britsk\u00e9 zdroje financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTuto pr\u00e1ci podpo\u0159il N\u00e1rodn\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd program v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje \u010c\u00edny (2021YFD1800202 a 2022YFF0802400 [JP] a 2024YFE0106000 [JL]), N\u00e1rodn\u00ed nadace pro p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u011bdy \u010c\u00edny (32192450 [JL] a 32102661 [ZJ]), Britsk\u00e1 rada pro v\u00fdzkum biotechnologi\u00ed a biologick\u00fdch v\u011bd (BBS\/E\/D\/20002173) a Britsk\u00e1 rada pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum (MR\/Y015045\/1).\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Mezi z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 instituce pat\u0159il\u00a0<\/span>Roslin\u016fv institut (Univerzita v Edinburghu)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Nottinghamsk\u00e1 univerzita<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Hongkongsk\u00e1 univerzita<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 univerzita<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0v Pekingu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno,\u00a0<\/span>\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 a britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da spole\u010dn\u011b financovaly a provedly experimenty s efektem \u201ezes\u00edlen\u00ed funkce\u201c, kter\u00e9 modifikovaly viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky tak, aby mohly infikovat savce vzduchem.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Biologick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a etick\u00e9 obavy<\/span><\/h3>\n

Auto\u0159i p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>ve vzorc\u00edch sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed do\u0161lo ke kontaminaci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, ale tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 data byla z kone\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f vylou\u010dena:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eVzhledem k potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontaminaci zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ve vzorc\u00edch sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed z druh\u00e9ho a t\u0159et\u00edho paraleln\u00edho experimentu byla v\u0161echna data z t\u011bchto experiment\u016f z kone\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f vylou\u010dena.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee\u00a0kontaminanty byly detekov\u00e1ny b\u011bhem\u00a0<\/span>sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 generace (NGS) virov\u00fdch vzork\u016f \u2013 co\u017e je znepokojiv\u00fd detail p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0<\/span><\/em>viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdmi vzduchem<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V cel\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku se neobjevuje\u00a0<\/span>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd odkaz na extern\u00ed kontroly biologick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dohled v souladu s P3CO ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed etick\u00e9 schv\u00e1len\u00ed pro slo\u017eku pr\u00e1ce zam\u011b\u0159enou na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed funkce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed riziko<\/span><\/h3>\n

Samotn\u00e1 studie uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>mutace PB2-627V<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0se ji\u017e p\u0159irozen\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v n\u011bkolika podtypech \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>H5N1, H5N6, H7N9, H3N8<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>H10N3<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 a byla ji\u017e nalezena u\u00a0<\/span>lid\u00ed, li\u0161ek, nork\u016f, tygr\u016f a divok\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eVzhledem ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vir\u016f influenzy je vhodn\u00e9 monitorovat viry ch\u0159ipky na mutaci PB2-627V jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed marker \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zoon\u00f3z.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

To je slab\u00e9 slovo.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci de facto prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>laboratorn\u011b modifikovan\u00e9 viry pta\u010d\u00ed ch\u0159ipky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0nyn\u00ed mohou\u00a0<\/span>infikovat savce a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et se vzduchem<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 co\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 charakteristika pandemick\u00fdch patogen\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h3>\n

Studie publikovan\u00e1 v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopise Journal of Virology<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(Guo et al., 2025) poskytuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee:<\/span><\/p>\n