{"id":90144,"date":"2025-10-19T00:19:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T22:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90144"},"modified":"2025-10-18T08:59:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T06:59:31","slug":"thomas-roper-jak-zapad-presmerovava-pomoc-hladomoru-na-dodavky-zbrani-ukrajine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/19\/thomas-roper-jak-zapad-presmerovava-pomoc-hladomoru-na-dodavky-zbrani-ukrajine\/","title":{"rendered":"Thomas R\u00f6per: Jak Z\u00e1pad p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1v\u00e1 pomoc hladomoru na dod\u00e1vky zbran\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Neomezen\u00e1 pomoc Ukrajin\u011b nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed jen na \u00fakor soci\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 na \u00fakor boje proti hladu. Zat\u00edmco po\u010det hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b roste, Z\u00e1pad p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1v\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky z boje proti hladu na n\u00e1kup zbran\u00ed pro Kyjev.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne potravin napsal expert rusk\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 agentury TASS\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o glob\u00e1ln\u00edm hladu, kter\u00fd jsem p\u0159elo\u017eil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159ekladu:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Jak Z\u00e1pad za\u010dal omezovat pomoc hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm Afri\u010dan\u016fm kv\u016fli pomoci Ukrajin\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n

16. \u0159\u00edjna sv\u011bt slav\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00fd den potravin. V roce 2025 budou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fddaje pro nejchud\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u011b omezeny, zat\u00edmco tok pen\u011bz Zelensk\u00e9mu z\u016fstane nezm\u011bn\u011bn.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dv\u011b oblasti v\u00fddaj\u016f jsou jako \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 tepny. Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f USA a EU sni\u017euj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na chud\u00e9, \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Stejn\u00fd princip plat\u00ed i pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed charitu. Od roku 2022 z\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b od\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky ur\u010den\u00e9 na pomoc Ukrajin\u011b p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00edm rozpo\u010dt\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch pro nejchud\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta. Po\u010det lid\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch hladem se p\u0159itom zvy\u0161uje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1tno pro savanu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tich\u00e1 revoluce ve vztaz\u00edch Z\u00e1padu s glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihem nab\u00edr\u00e1 na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 proudem dal\u0161\u00edch zpr\u00e1v. V roce 2025 evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b ozn\u00e1mily, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch t\u0159ech a\u017e p\u011bti letech omez\u00ed svou pomoc nejchud\u0161\u00edm zem\u00edm sv\u011bta: Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie o 40 procent, Francie o 37 procent, Nizozemsko o 30 procent a Belgie o 25 procent. Zvrat v USA je je\u0161t\u011b radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed. K 1. \u010dervenci 2025 fakticky ukon\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnost Agentura Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rozvoj (USAID). A\u010dkoli ne v\u0161echny jej\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky byly vynalo\u017eeny na skute\u010dn\u00e9 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed charita utrp\u011bla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi posti\u017een\u00fdmi je i Sv\u011btov\u00fd potravinov\u00fd program OSN, jeho\u017e rozpo\u010det se kv\u016fli \u0161krt\u016fm sn\u00ed\u017eil o 40 procent. \u201eD\u011bje se n\u011bco, co jsme je\u0161t\u011b nikdy nevid\u011bli,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jean Van Wetter, \u0161\u00e9f belgick\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 agentury Enabel. \u201eN\u011bco, co jsme, mysl\u00edm, v cel\u00e9 historii mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce je\u0161t\u011b nevid\u011bli. Masivn\u00ed \u0161krty, a to ne od jednoho d\u00e1rce, ale od mnoha najednou.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Celkov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty pro charitativn\u00ed organizace se odhaduj\u00ed na 70 miliard dolar\u016f. To je skute\u010dn\u011b gigantick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka, vezmeme-li v \u00favahu, \u017ee pro ka\u017edou osobu zachr\u00e1n\u011bnou p\u0159ed hladem je k dispozici pouze t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 symbolick\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad podle v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f \u010dasopisu Nature ji\u017e schv\u00e1len\u00e9 \u0161krty ve v\u00fd\u0161i 290 milion\u016f dolar\u016f v programu boje proti t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 akutn\u00ed podv\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b povede k \u00famrt\u00ed 369 000 d\u011bt\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b. To ponech\u00e1 2,3 milionu d\u011bt\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edstupu k pomoci. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b bylo p\u0159id\u011bleno n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 100 dolar\u016f, ale i to sta\u010dilo na jejich u\u017eiven\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00fd potravinov\u00fd program OSN varuje, \u017ee \u0161krty se dotknou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zem\u00ed, kde je distribuce humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoci nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 zm\u00edtaly ob\u010dansk\u00e9 nepokoje. V S\u00fad\u00e1nu (kde od roku 2023 zu\u0159\u00ed konflikt mezi arm\u00e1dou a Silami rychl\u00e9 podpory) se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 uzav\u0159en\u00ed 80 procent poln\u00edch kuchyn\u00ed. V Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed po\u010det let\u016f s potravinami. Nig\u00e9rie utrp\u00ed: Nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace Helen Keller International ji\u017e ozn\u00e1mila pozastaven\u00ed sv\u00e9ho programu, kter\u00fd poskytoval potraviny 5,6 milionu d\u011bt\u00ed, a to je pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih jen za\u010d\u00e1tek.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad chud\u00fdmi?<\/span><\/h3>\n

N\u00e1hl\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed USA zastavit humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc vzbudilo nad\u011bji, \u017ee by Evropan\u00e9 mohli p\u0159evz\u00edt roli Ameri\u010dan\u016f. \u201eV posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm zach\u00e1zel s \u017eivoty milion\u016f lid\u00ed, jako by byly pouze polo\u017ekou rozpo\u010dtu, prom\u011bnnou v rovnici,\u201c \u0159ekla letos v zim\u011b Aisha Koraisi, prezidentka nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace Action Against Hunger. \u201eDostali jsme ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o pozastaven\u00ed potravinov\u00fdch projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 pomohly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednomu a p\u016fl milionu lid\u00ed. 797 000 z nich jsou podvy\u017eiven\u00e9 d\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed p\u011bti let. […] Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1me Evropu, aby ve jm\u00e9nu princip\u016f lidskosti, nestrannosti a nez\u00e1vislosti u\u010dinila odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed a podpo\u0159ila humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoc ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato prosba narazila na hluch\u00e9 u\u0161i. Ani\u017e by p\u0159it\u00e1hl nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou pozornost, za\u010dal Star\u00fd sv\u011bt omezovat pomoc glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu Jihu dlouho p\u0159ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm Donalda Trumpa ve volb\u00e1ch v USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku stolet\u00ed se evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b zav\u00e1zaly zv\u00fd\u0161it sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed charitativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely na 0,7 procenta sv\u00e9ho HDP. Ji\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto desetilet\u00ed se v\u0161ak tento trend obr\u00e1til. M\u00edsto<\/span>
\nzv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fddaj\u016f je N\u011bmecko v roce 2023 sn\u00ed\u017eilo o 1,6 miliardy eur a v roce 2024 o dal\u0161\u00ed 1 miliardu eur. Ve stejn\u00e9m roce za\u010daly se \u0161krty \u0160pan\u011blsko, It\u00e1lie a Francie. V Brit\u00e1nii, kde zv\u00edt\u011bzila Labouristick\u00e1 strana, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fddaje p\u0159esto klesaj\u00ed. Premi\u00e9r Keir Starmer p\u0159iznal, \u017ee arm\u00e1du financuje na jejich \u00fakor. Lond\u00fdn m\u00e1 v \u00famyslu do konce desetilet\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc zraniteln\u00fdm z 0,5 procenta HDP na 0,3 procenta a pot\u00e9 na 0,23 procenta. Pokud by t\u00e9to \u00farovn\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b bylo dosa\u017eeno, byla by nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v britsk\u00e9 historii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00fd prezident Emmanuel Macron zopakoval zru\u0161en\u00ed USAID v men\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. V roce 2025, v obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed rozpo\u010dtovou kriz\u00ed, byly jako prvn\u00ed \u0161krt\u00e1ny v\u00fddaje na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 zem\u011b: byly jedn\u00edm tahem sn\u00ed\u017eeny o t\u0159etinu. Je\u0161t\u011b drasti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161krty lze nal\u00e9zt v dokumentech Evropsk\u00e9 komise, kter\u00e9 unikly na internet. Podle nich se pomoc Haiti (nejchud\u0161\u00ed zemi z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokoule, zm\u00edtan\u00e9 nepokoji) sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed z 33 milion\u016f eur na 5 milion\u016f eur, St\u0159edoafrick\u00e9 republice ze 43 milion\u016f eur na 12 milion\u016f eur a tak d\u00e1le.<\/span><\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed \u00fastup z jihu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Dobrovoln\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed Z\u00e1padu z odlehl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu vede k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hladomoru. N\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed dostatek j\u00eddla, souvis\u00ed s rostouc\u00edmi demografick\u00fdmi trendy. V roce 2022 p\u0159ekro\u010dila sv\u011btov\u00e1 populace hranici 8 miliard. Po\u010det hladov\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed se od roku 2019 zvy\u0161uje v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 15 a\u017e 25 milion\u016f. V roce 2023 to bylo 281 milion\u016f, v roce 2024 295 milion\u016f a v roce 2025 319 milion\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1jem Evropy a Ameriky o tyto lidi je na historick\u00e9m minimu, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed genera\u010dn\u00ed posun po rozpadu koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Boj za nez\u00e1vislost v africk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kter\u00fd trval a\u017e do poloviny 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed, byl ve Star\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b doprov\u00e1zen zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm pocitem viny v\u016f\u010di utla\u010dovan\u00fdm n\u00e1rod\u016fm a kultur\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po 50 letech se l\u00edtost nad sp\u00e1chanou nespravedlnost\u00ed zmen\u0161ila. To m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dopad na p\u0159\u00edstup k humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed pomoci. Evropsk\u00e1 komise vypracovala komplexn\u00ed pl\u00e1n investic do rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed s n\u00e1zvem Global Gateway, ale tyto investice vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako komer\u010dn\u00ed podnik (a prost\u0159edek k zastaven\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00edch tok\u016f). Distribuce potravin, kter\u00e1 neslibuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, je, a\u0165 u\u017e v dobr\u00e9m nebo ve zl\u00e9m, odsunuta do pozad\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto slovo \u201epomoc\u201c ztr\u00e1c\u00ed na popularit\u011b. Americk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Marco Rubio p\u0159ed Kongresem vypov\u00eddal o sv\u00e9m z\u00e1m\u011bru opustit model \u010dist\u00e9 charity a m\u00edsto toho poskytovat c\u00edlenou pomoc chud\u00fdm zem\u00edm, aby se nau\u010dily b\u00fdt sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e9. Evropan\u00e9 se ub\u00edraj\u00ed stejn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem: od grant\u016f na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fsledk\u016f chudoby ke spole\u010dn\u00fdm komer\u010dn\u00edm projekt\u016fm. Od charity se nyn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee bude prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 pro ob\u011b strany, a proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt promy\u0161len\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tot\u00e9\u017e a Zelenskyj<\/span><\/h3>\n

Mezi t\u011bmito zklam\u00e1n\u00edmi je jedna v\u00fdjimka, kter\u00e1 je chr\u00e1n\u011bna i p\u0159ed t\u011bmi nejhor\u0161\u00edmi katastrofami: Zelensk\u00e9ho Ukrajina, na kterou bylo od roku 2022 vynalo\u017eeno celkem 300 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA, kter\u00e9 v minulosti Kyjevu poskytly zhruba 57 miliard dolar\u016f nevojensk\u00e9 pomoci, trvaj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee Evropa v budoucnu ponese hlavn\u00ed t\u00edhu, a to se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s pochopen\u00edm. Od n\u00e1stupu Donalda Trumpa do \u00fa\u0159adu se v\u00fddaje \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU na pot\u0159eby Ukrajiny v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily \u2013 a podle v\u0161eho to je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed konec.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2022 evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 polo\u017eky ur\u010den\u00e9 na charitativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pomoci Kyjevu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159esm\u011brovaly finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky ur\u010den\u00e9 nejchud\u0161\u00edm zem\u00edm na pomoc Ukrajinc\u016fm. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le to trv\u00e1, t\u00edm v\u00edce se tato sout\u011b\u017e zost\u0159uje, proto\u017ee nikdo nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pen\u00edze nazbyt. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia pracuj\u00ed na tom, aby Zelenskyj z t\u00e9to sout\u011b\u017ee vy\u0161el v\u00edt\u011bzn\u011b. Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v S\u00fad\u00e1nu je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejhor\u0161\u00ed humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofu na planet\u011b, ale vys\u00edlac\u00ed \u010das, kter\u00fd j\u00ed je v\u011bnov\u00e1n, nen\u00ed srovnateln\u00fd s \u010dasem v\u011bnovan\u00fdm Ukrajin\u011b \u2013 tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Myanmaru a d\u0159\u00edve v Etiopii.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fsledn\u00e9 stahov\u00e1n\u00ed Z\u00e1padu z region\u016f, kter\u00e9 pro n\u011bj ji\u017e teoreticky nejsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Zku\u0161enosti z posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00ed v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed skepsi. \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e1 \u00fav\u011brov\u00e1 linka, kterou Peking poskytoval vl\u00e1d\u00e1m nejchud\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed, byla ve 20. letech 21. stolet\u00ed nahrazena selektivn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem. \u010c\u00edna nen\u00ed ochotna poskytovat bezpodm\u00edne\u010dnou pomoc. To by mohlo znamenat, \u017ee zem\u011b na pokraji hladomoru z\u016fstanou se sv\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my pot\u00fdkat samy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konec p\u0159ekladu<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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Neomezen\u00e1 pomoc Ukrajin\u011b nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed jen na \u00fakor soci\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":90145,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[45,1941,26,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90144"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90144\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}