{"id":90036,"date":"2025-10-17T00:21:30","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T22:21:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=90036"},"modified":"2025-10-16T11:48:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T09:48:34","slug":"skandal-s-vetrnou-energii-vyzkumnici-odhaluji-podvod-s-hlukem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/17\/skandal-s-vetrnou-energii-vyzkumnici-odhaluji-podvod-s-hlukem\/","title":{"rendered":"Skand\u00e1l s v\u011btrnou energi\u00ed: V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci odhaluj\u00ed podvod s hlukem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nov\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie ukazuje, \u017ee ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed hluku v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn jsou zalo\u017eena na chybn\u00fdch a fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b neudr\u017eiteln\u00fdch modelech. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 expozice obyvatel hluku je systematicky podce\u0148ov\u00e1na. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 explozivn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l: mnoho povolen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo \u017eije pobl\u00ed\u017e v\u011btrn\u00e9 farmy, zn\u00e1 ten probl\u00e9m. Toto hlubok\u00e9, st\u00e1l\u00e9 hu\u010den\u00ed sly\u0161\u00edte t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b. \u00da\u0159ady a provozovatel\u00e9 u\u017e l\u00e9ta tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee hlukov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je ne\u0161kodn\u00e9. V\u0161echno je \u201ev r\u00e1mci z\u00e1kona\u201c. V\u0161echno je \u00fadajn\u011b \u201em\u011b\u0159eno\u201c a \u201etestov\u00e1no\u201c. Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hluku v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren: vliv proud\u011bn\u00ed a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a> \u201c odhaluje p\u0159esn\u011b to, co ob\u010dansk\u00e9 iniciativy \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed u\u017e l\u00e9ta: V\u011btrn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m s hlukem \u2013 a v\u00fdpo\u010dty hluku pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ke schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn jsou zjevn\u011b chybn\u00e9 a v praxi zcela nepou\u017eiteln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm veden\u00fd Julesem Colasem z Francouzsk\u00e9 laborato\u0159e pro dynamiku tekutin a akustiku (LMFA) na \u00c9cole Centrale de Lyon zjistil, \u017ee modely pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b k predikci hluku v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn ignoruj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed efekty. Tato mezera ve v\u00fdpo\u010dtech vede k masivn\u00edmu podhodnocen\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch hladin hluku \u2013 zejm\u00e9na u velk\u00fdch v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. P\u0159esto jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto modely povinn\u00e9 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 povolovac\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady. To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee statis\u00edce povolen\u00ed jsou technicky neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie pou\u017eili numerick\u00e9 simulace s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm z mechaniky tekutin ve spojen\u00ed s realistick\u00fdmi akustick\u00fdmi modely. V\u00fdsledky odhaluj\u00ed zcela odli\u0161nou akustickou realitu, ne\u017e jakou prezentuj\u00ed experti na hluk z v\u011btrn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. V\u011btrn\u00e9 farmy nejsou souborem jednotliv\u00fdch stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 by nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b vyd\u00e1valy hluk. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e komplexn\u00ed proudov\u00e1 pole, naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 \u00faplavy, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed a zaost\u0159uj\u00ed zvuk. Toto zaost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku vede k m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdm aktivn\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm \u2013 z\u00f3n\u00e1m, kde je hladina hluku v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by m\u011bla b\u00fdt. V N\u011bmecku se v\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b tato m\u00edsta \u010dasto nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v m\u00edstech, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed obytn\u00e9 budovy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dosud \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed hluku tyto vlivy nezohlednilo, proto\u017ee po\u017eadavky mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy IEC 61400-11 a n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho TA L\u00e4rm (Technick\u00e9 pokyny pro hluk) to ani nestanovuj\u00ed. \u00da\u0159ady se chovaj\u00ed, jako by to nebyl probl\u00e9m. Nyn\u00ed se to prok\u00e1zalo: M\u00fdlily se. Nebo se o tom prost\u011b necht\u011bly dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011btrn\u00e1 energie za ka\u017edou cenu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Probl\u00e9m je ve skute\u010dnosti tak obrovsk\u00fd, \u017ee se \u010dlov\u011bk mus\u00ed pt\u00e1t, pro\u010d si ho nikdo nev\u0161imne d\u0159\u00edve. Odpov\u011b\u010f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v politice: v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie m\u011bla b\u00fdt v r\u00e1mci \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed p\u0159echodu na nulovou \u010distou energii protla\u010dena za ka\u017edou cenu. N\u011bkolik zem\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u011bmecko, D\u00e1nsko a Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zjednodu\u0161ilo schvalovac\u00ed procesy, aby se vyhnulo ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm protest\u016fm. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi byla tolerov\u00e1na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hluku, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se v\u011btrn\u00e9 turb\u00edny jevily akusticky m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti jsou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci spole\u010dnosti Colas ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee turbulence a smykov\u00e9 proudy v proudu velk\u00fdch turb\u00edn nejen zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enosti, ale tak\u00e9 zesiluj\u00ed hluk generovan\u00fd rotory. Zejm\u00e9na tzv. amplitudov\u00e1 modulace \u2013 pravideln\u00e9 dun\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je sly\u0161et na kilometry daleko \u2013 je masivn\u011b podce\u0148ov\u00e1na. Tento efekt se ani nezohled\u0148uje v procesu schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00da\u0159ady striktn\u011b posuzuj\u00ed zvuk na z\u00e1klad\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch hodnot, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 hladina zvuku. Lid\u00e9 v\u0161ak netrp\u00ed teoretick\u00fdmi pr\u016fm\u011bry, ale neust\u00e1l\u00fdm, rytmick\u00fdm tlakem, kter\u00fd pulzuje krajinou ve vln\u00e1ch. Poruchy sp\u00e1nku, stresov\u00e9 reakce, podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nerv\u016f \u2013 to v\u0161e je zdokumentov\u00e1no v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch studi\u00edch, ale politicky ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011btrn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl obvykle tento fakt zast\u00edr\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159uje na infrazvuk a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je ne\u0161kodn\u00fd. Nov\u00e1 studie v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee probl\u00e9mem nejsou ani mystick\u00e9 hlubok\u00e9 basy, ani konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e skute\u010dn\u00e1 aerodynamika. K ne\u010dekan\u011b siln\u00e9mu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zvuku doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v sly\u0161iteln\u00e9m p\u00e1smu, p\u0159esn\u011b ve frekven\u010dn\u00edch rozsaz\u00edch, u kter\u00fdch bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed sp\u00e1nek a autonomn\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) doporu\u010duje v obytn\u00fdch oblastech limity 45 decibel\u016f \u2013 tyto hodnoty jsou v\u0161ak na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00fdch model\u016f prokazateln\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro regiony v N\u011bmecku, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e maj\u00ed masivn\u00ed klastry v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie: \u0160lesvicko-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsko, Doln\u00ed Sasko, Braniborsko a Severn\u00ed Por\u00fdn\u00ed-Vestf\u00e1lsko. Tam je m\u00edsto p\u011bti nebo deseti v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn \u010dasto v\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1t seskupen\u00fdch pohromad\u011b. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto struktury v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed zvuku, kter\u00e9 nikdo d\u0159\u00edve nezva\u017eoval. Mapy v\u011btrn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu jsou tedy jen mapy fantazie, vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b model\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch turb\u00edn, p\u0159esto\u017ee je ji\u017e dlouho zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee velk\u00e9 v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny produkuj\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 akustick\u00e9 efekty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se vlna soudn\u00edch spor\u016f?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ot\u00e1zka je legitimn\u00ed: P\u0159imhou\u0159ily \u00fa\u0159ady nad t\u00edm o\u010di, nebo to aktivn\u011b zatajily? Nejedn\u00e1 se o drobnou nep\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, ale o systematick\u00e9 podce\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed hlukov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon o kontrole imis\u00ed sice stanov\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bni p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi dopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale je t\u0159eba uznat, \u017ee tento z\u00e1kon se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed uplat\u0148uje pouze selektivn\u011b. St\u00e1t nejednal jako neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed regul\u00e1tor, ale jako \u010dinitel politick\u00e9 agendy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lze p\u0159edv\u00eddat, \u017ee tis\u00edce obyvatel se v budoucnu budou soudit kv\u016fli star\u00fdm povolen\u00edm. Nyn\u00ed existuj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee hodnoty povolen\u00ed jsou nep\u0159esn\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo schv\u00e1lil v\u011btrn\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny bez zohledn\u011bn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch hlukov\u00fdch dopad\u016f, jednal s hrubou nedbalost\u00ed nebo v\u011bdom\u011b poru\u0161il z\u00e1kon. Projekty schv\u00e1len\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci TA L\u00e4rm jsou proto na tenk\u00e9m led\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, proto\u017ee TA L\u00e4rm je pou\u017eiteln\u00fd pouze tehdy, jsou-li jejich v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 modely technicky a v\u011bdecky podlo\u017een\u00e9. Ty ji\u017e zjevn\u011b nejsou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V zemi, jako je N\u011bmecko, kde \u00fadajn\u011b v\u0161e funguje podle z\u00e1kona a po\u0159\u00e1dku, byla povolen\u00ed pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyd\u00e1v\u00e1na bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 reality. Akusti\u010dt\u00ed experti evidentn\u011b vypracovali zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 ani zdaleka nesimulovaly skute\u010dn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by mohl b\u00fdt na m\u00edst\u011b term\u00edn \u201ev\u011bdeck\u00fd klam\u201c. Miliony lid\u00ed za to plat\u00ed \u2013 po\u0161kozen\u00edm zdrav\u00ed a znehodnocen\u00edm majetku. Zm\u011bn\u00ed se to brzy v d\u016fsledku t\u00e9to studie a mo\u017en\u00fdch soudn\u00edch spor\u016f?<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie ukazuje, \u017ee ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed hluku v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn jsou zalo\u017eena na chybn\u00fdch a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82443,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[9911,1009,1561,2625],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90036"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90036\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}