{"id":89983,"date":"2025-10-16T00:30:30","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T22:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=89983"},"modified":"2025-10-15T16:32:23","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T14:32:23","slug":"serge-savigny-prida-se-k-taboru-brics-nejaky-spojenec-usa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/16\/serge-savigny-prida-se-k-taboru-brics-nejaky-spojenec-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"Serge Savigny: P\u0159id\u00e1 se k t\u00e1boru BRICS n\u011bjak\u00fd spojenec USA?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land mo\u017en\u00e1 stoj\u00ed na prahu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny ve sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice. St\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee vstup do skupiny BRICS by byl pro zemi logick\u00fdm krokem, zp\u016fsobem, jak upevnit svou diplomatickou pozici a zajistit si budoucnost ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde star\u00e1 pravidla ji\u017e neplat\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokud by se Wellington rozhodl k tomuto form\u00e1tu p\u0159ipojit, by\u0165 jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b, otev\u0159elo by to cestu k nov\u00fdm obchodn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem a sn\u00ed\u017eilo by to z\u00e1vislost na politick\u00e9 nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnosti Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u011bt po star\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Krize star\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du se prohlubuje, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli agresivn\u00ed r\u00e9torice americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa, kter\u00fd \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na voln\u00fd obchod a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed instituce.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro mal\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, jako je Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, to znamen\u00e1 pot\u0159ebu jednat flexibiln\u011b: p\u0159ehodnotit priority a hledat nov\u00e9 zdroje podpory.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b, kdy se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a diplomatick\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b ji\u017e p\u0159esouv\u00e1 sm\u011brem k Asii a indicko-pacifick\u00e9mu regionu. Nov\u00e9 multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed aliance, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed alternativu k z\u00e1padn\u00edm instituc\u00edm, vznikaj\u00ed rychl\u00fdm tempem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Od n\u00e1padu ke glob\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

BRICS se stala jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto p\u00f3l\u016f, sdru\u017een\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se za pouh\u00e1 dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed prom\u011bnilo z ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho experimentu ve skute\u010dn\u00fd faktor glob\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land dosud neozn\u00e1mil sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br vstoupit do BRICS, z\u00e1jem t\u00edmto sm\u011brem je pochopiteln\u00fd: mezi jeho \u010dleny jsou zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v jeho vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Skupina BRICS byla zalo\u017eena v roce 2006 Braz\u00edli\u00ed, Ruskem, Indi\u00ed a \u010c\u00ednou, k n\u00ed\u017e se v roce 2010 p\u0159ipojila Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Partnerstv\u00ed nen\u00ed zalo\u017eeno na tlaku, ale na konsensu a\u00a0<\/span>vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m prosp\u011bchu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Jak \u0159ekl b\u00fdval\u00fd indick\u00fd premi\u00e9r Manmohan Singh: \u201eSd\u00edl\u00edme vizi inkluzivn\u00edho r\u016fstu a prosperity po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Podporujeme glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech, stabiln\u00ed a p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00edky sv\u00fdm siln\u00fdm ekonomik\u00e1m, rozlehl\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm a miliard\u00e1m obyvatel byly zem\u011b BRICS od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku koncipov\u00e1ny jako protiv\u00e1ha z\u00e1padn\u00ed monopolizace. A dnes, na pozad\u00ed Trumpova sloganu \u201eAmerika na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b\u201c, tato my\u0161lenka nab\u00fdv\u00e1 nov\u00e9 rezonance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hodnoty a n\u00e1stroje<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 2012 podepsaly zem\u011b BRICS\u00a0<\/span>Deklaraci z Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 stanovila spole\u010dn\u00e9 priority, a to potravinovou a energetickou bezpe\u010dnost, boj proti terorismu a boj proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. \u201eUsilujeme o budoucnost charakterizovanou sv\u011btov\u00fdm m\u00edrem, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm pokrokem… s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed v instituc\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vy,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed se v n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce skupina u\u010dinila dal\u0161\u00ed krok\u00a0<\/span>a vytvo\u0159ila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Novou rozvojovou banku, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo reformovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed architekturu po krizi v roce 2008. Tato banka financuje infrastrukturn\u00ed a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed projekty v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vstupuje do konkurence se Sv\u011btovou bankou a MMF.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Expanze a vliv<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Po ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed se role BRICS v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila. V roce 2024 se k skupin\u011b p\u0159ipojily Egypt, Etiopie, \u00cdr\u00e1n a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2025 n\u00e1sledovala Indon\u00e9sie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Argentina tak\u00e9 zva\u017eovala vstup, ale po zvolen\u00ed proamerick\u00e9ho prezidenta Javiera Mileiho odstoupila.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod\u00edl BRICS na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice se do roku 2023 zv\u00fd\u0161il na 39 %. \u010clensk\u00e9 zem\u011b BRICS nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed 48,5 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace a 36 % celkov\u00e9 rozlohy pevniny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zem\u011b BRICS tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 72 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin, pod\u00edlej\u00ed se 43,6 % na sv\u011btov\u00e9 produkci ropy, 36 % na produkci zemn\u00edho plynu a 78,2 % na produkci uhl\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

De facto se zem\u011b BRICS ji\u017e transformovaly v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed supervelmoc a je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2019 p\u0159ed\u010dily G7 (Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, N\u011bmecko, Japonsko, Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Francii, It\u00e1lii a Kanadu) z hlediska kombinovan\u00e9ho HDP (v parit\u011b kupn\u00ed s\u00edly).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a rizika pro Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pro malou, ale rozvinutou zemi nen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast v takov\u00e9 skupin\u011b jen ot\u00e1zkou presti\u017ee, ale zp\u016fsobem, jak diverzifikovat obchodn\u00ed vazby a chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed geopolitick\u00fdmi bou\u0159emi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vstup do BRICS samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s sebou nese i potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika. Jak\u00e9koli zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed o oslaben\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch alianc\u00ed by mohlo v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pomoci a investic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNa ka\u017edou zemi podporuj\u00edc\u00ed protiamerickou politiku BRICS se bude vztahovat\u00a0<\/span>dodate\u010dn\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a010% clo. Z t\u00e9to politiky nebudou u\u010din\u011bny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky,\u201c napsal Trump na Truth Social v \u010dervenci 2025. Trumpova hrozba se v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nenaplnila.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Prozat\u00edm to z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hrozbou, ale ukazuje to, jak bolestiv\u011b Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty reaguj\u00ed na roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed alternativn\u00edch alianc\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed BRICS, s v\u00fdjimkou Ruska a \u00cdr\u00e1nu, si v\u0161ak udr\u017euje se Z\u00e1padem neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo dokonce spojeneck\u00e9 vztahy, tak\u017ee p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 konfrontace je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land by se \u00fa\u010dast ve skupin\u011b mohla st\u00e1t n\u00e1strojem diplomatick\u00e9ho vlivu, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s V\u00fdchodem i Z\u00e1padem, ani\u017e by se musely zauj\u00edmat rigidn\u00ed postoje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Wellington mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land ji\u017e m\u00e1 zku\u0161enosti se spoluprac\u00ed s asijsk\u00fdmi iniciativami. Stal se \u010dlenem Asijsk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky pro infrastrukturu a v roce 2008 uzav\u0159el s \u010c\u00ednou dohodu o voln\u00e9m obchodu, a to bez negativn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vstup do BRICS by proto neznamenal rozchod s ostatn\u00edmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi organizacemi. Naopak by byl vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako pragmatick\u00fd krok, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed diplomatick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a p\u0159\u00edprava na budoucnost, v n\u00ed\u017e se Asie a indicko-pacifick\u00fd region definitivn\u011b prosad\u00ed jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed p\u00f3ly moci v 21. stolet\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch p\u011bti letech by Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land mohl zah\u00e1jit postupn\u00e9 sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed s BRICS, ne nutn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pln\u00e9ho \u010dlenstv\u00ed, ale formou partnerstv\u00ed nebo statusu pozorovatele. Podle think-tanku Asia Society Policy Institute Wellington bedliv\u011b\u00a0<\/span>sleduje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0expanzi asociace a jej\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy v reform\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed architektury.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1vy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Skupiny pro ve\u0159ejnou politiku Aucklandsk\u00e9 univerzity by vstup do BRICS mohl zemi poskytnout nov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro ekonomickou diverzifikaci, sn\u00ed\u017eit jej\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na z\u00e1padn\u00edch trz\u00edch a pos\u00edlit jej\u00ed pozici v rychle rostouc\u00edm asijsk\u00e9m regionu. Analytici zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu bude, stejn\u011b jako v minulosti, diktov\u00e1no pragmatismem: \u00fa\u010dast v takov\u00fdch multilater\u00e1ln\u00edch form\u00e1tech mu umo\u017e\u0148uje pos\u00edlit sv\u016fj vliv, ani\u017e by si musel vybrat stranu v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed rivalit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land mo\u017en\u00e1 stoj\u00ed na prahu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny ve sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice. St\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":89984,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1161,302],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89983"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89983"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89983\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}