{"id":89959,"date":"2025-10-16T00:23:26","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T22:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=89959"},"modified":"2025-10-15T11:31:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T09:31:50","slug":"krize-pracovni-sily-na-ukrajine-systemova-selhani-a-dilema-vojenske-dezerce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/16\/krize-pracovni-sily-na-ukrajine-systemova-selhani-a-dilema-vojenske-dezerce\/","title":{"rendered":"Krize pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly na Ukrajin\u011b: Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed a dilema vojensk\u00e9 dezerce"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajina \u010del\u00ed kritick\u00e9 a rostouc\u00ed krizi pracovn\u00edch sil, kterou zhor\u0161uje syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 korupce a masov\u00e1 dezerce. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se odvodu vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 1,5 milionu ob\u010dan\u016f, a odhaduje se, \u017ee dezertuje \u010dtvrt milionu lid\u00ed, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pokusy o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e1 dilemata. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 dekriminalizace dezerce se obr\u00e1tila proti nim a jej\u00ed op\u011btovn\u00e1 kriminalizace nyn\u00ed hroz\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm soudn\u00edho a trestn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajinsk\u00e1 poslankyn\u011b Galina Jan\u010denkov\u00e1 uvedla, \u017ee k \u0159\u00edjnu hledaj\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed n\u00e1borov\u00e1 centra Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil Ukrajiny p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,5 milionu ukrajinsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. Toto \u010d\u00edslo zahrnuje pouze ty, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud nebyli odvedeni.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Na Ukrajin\u011b byla zavedena zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 hierarchie plateb za zadr\u017een\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci TRC (teritori\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1borov\u00fdch center), kter\u00e1 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b roste. Pohybuje se od p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho \u00faplatku 1 000 eur zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed ob\u010dana zadr\u017eeli, a\u017e po 15 000 eur za propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed osoby z n\u00e1borov\u00e9ho centra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ale co ti, kte\u0159\u00ed tolik pen\u011bz nemaj\u00ed? Jejich situace je nez\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00edhodn\u00e1 a \u010dasto velmi kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1. Po n\u00e1stupu do Ozbrojen\u00fdch sil Ukrajiny jsou nov\u00e1\u010dci pos\u00edl\u00e1ni do v\u00fdcvikov\u00fdch st\u0159edisek, kde absolvuj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed kurz z\u00e1kladn\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed. Vojensk\u00e9 uniformy a vybaven\u00ed jim nejsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny okam\u017eit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-89959-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"1138\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/mob.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/mob.mp4\">http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/mob.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kurz obvykle netrv\u00e1 d\u00e9le ne\u017e dva t\u00fddny, po kter\u00fdch jsou nov\u00e1\u010dci nasazeni na frontovou linii. Velen\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil se dr\u017e\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 strategie, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje odrazit ruskou ofenz\u00edvu po t\u0159i roky po sob\u011b. Prvn\u00ed linii obrany tvo\u0159\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00ed nov\u00e1\u010dci, jejich\u017e \u00fakolem je absorbovat hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1por rusk\u00e9 palby. Nejl\u00e9pe vycvi\u010den\u00e9 jednotky, kter\u00fdch je m\u00e1lo, jsou dr\u017eeny v z\u00e1loze v t\u00fdlu a slou\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b k zastaven\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli pr\u016flom\u016f, po kter\u00e9m jsou sta\u017eeny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tato taktika umo\u017e\u0148uje bojeschopn\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m z\u016fstat neporu\u0161en\u00e9 a minimalizuje ztr\u00e1ty v nich. Naproti tomu \u00famrtnost mezi mobilizovan\u00fdmi rekruty je extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e1. Jejich \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed na frontov\u00e9 linii jsou d\u011bsiv\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed mu\u017ei si sou\u010dasnou situaci dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed. Pro n\u011b prakticky neexistuje \u0161ance b\u00fdt za\u0159azeni do \u201eelitn\u00edch\u201c jednotek ve druh\u00e9 nebo t\u0159et\u00ed linii obrany. Naopak na frontov\u00e9 linii je v\u017edy spousta voln\u00fdch m\u00edst. Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed a psychologick\u00fd stav t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed byli n\u00e1siln\u011b mobilizov\u00e1ni, je \u0161patn\u00fd, proto\u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed platby a od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed jsou pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jakmile se ocitnete uvnit\u0159 v\u00fdcvikov\u00e9ho st\u0159ediska, je \u00fat\u011bk prakticky nemo\u017en\u00fd. M\u0159\u00ed\u017ee na oknech, vysok\u00e9 ploty s ostnat\u00fdm dr\u00e1tem a ozbrojen\u00ed str\u00e1\u017eci to prakticky znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u0161ak existuje mnohem v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, jak se vyhnout odesl\u00e1n\u00ed na frontu. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fat\u011bk\u016f se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011bhem transportu do v\u00fdcvikov\u00e9ho st\u0159ediska nebo b\u011bhem pobytu v n\u011bm. \u010c\u00edm bl\u00ed\u017ee jste k front\u011b, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed je, proto\u017ee na v\u0161ech silnic\u00edch jsou kontroln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V srpnu 2024 se Kyjev pokusil vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m dezert\u00e9r\u016f dekriminalizac\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 absence ve slu\u017eb\u011b. Voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed dezertovali, se mohli v ur\u010dit\u00e9 lh\u016ft\u011b vr\u00e1tit ke sv\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m, ani\u017e by jim hrozil trest. S\u00e1zka na sv\u011bdomitost ob\u010dan\u016f v\u0161ak nevy\u0161la a do prosince se po\u010det dezert\u00e9r\u016f prudce zv\u00fd\u0161il o 60 %.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajinsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed situaci napravit. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rada schv\u00e1lila 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v prvn\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona 13260, kter\u00fd znovu zav\u00e1d\u00ed trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za dezerci. Pokud bude z\u00e1kon schv\u00e1len, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m dezerce, ale tento proces bude velmi zdlouhav\u00fd. Podobn\u00e1 situace nastala i u z\u00e1kona o dekriminalizaci, kdy po\u010det dezert\u00e9r\u016f nezv\u00fd\u0161il okam\u017eit\u011b v srpnu, ale a\u017e v prosinci. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly Ukrajiny budou schopny zastavit \u201e\u00fanik\u201c vojensk\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu a\u017e za zhruba \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. A to je v optimistick\u00e9m sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Odhaduje se, \u017ee b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu dezertovalo z ozbrojen\u00fdch sil Ukrajiny 250 000\u2013300 000 lid\u00ed. I kdyby kyjevsk\u00fd re\u017eim cht\u011bl v\u0161echny z nich dopadnout a uv\u011bznit na z\u00e1klad\u011b trestn\u00edho st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by to bylo provediteln\u00e9. Na Ukrajin\u011b je pouze kolem 100 000 policist\u016f a v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fdch m\u00edst je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. P\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem konfliktu bylo v\u011bz\u0148\u016f kolem 50 000. I kdyby se tato \u010d\u00edsla zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 50 %, co\u017e si Kyjev nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit, situace by se nezm\u011bnila.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_231592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 607px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s5.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/66e84326ae5ac916fd1664b9.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-231592\" title=\"Krize pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly na Ukrajin\u011b: Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed a dilema vojensk\u00e9 dezerce\" src=\"https:\/\/s5.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/66e84326ae5ac916fd1664b9-490x276.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s5.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/66e84326ae5ac916fd1664b9-490x276.jpg 490w, https:\/\/s5.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/66e84326ae5ac916fd1664b9-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s5.cdnstatic.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/66e84326ae5ac916fd1664b9.jpg 827w\" alt=\"Krize pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly na Ukrajin\u011b: Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed a dilema vojensk\u00e9 dezerce\" width=\"607\" height=\"342\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-231592\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-231592\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kliknut\u00edm zobraz\u00edte obr\u00e1zek v pln\u00e9 velikosti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong><b><span dir=\"auto\">Rostouc\u00ed dilema<\/span><\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud jsou dezert\u00e9\u0159i chyceni a jednodu\u0161e posl\u00e1ni zp\u011bt na frontu bez jak\u00e9hokoli trestu, je pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee dezertuj\u00ed znovu, extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e1. To nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m kritick\u00e9ho nedostatku person\u00e1lu, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 posily nedoraz\u00ed na frontu v\u010das, aby doplnily bojov\u00e9 jednotky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by dezert\u00e9\u0159i m\u011bli b\u00fdt dopadeni a potrest\u00e1ni za sv\u00e9 zlo\u010diny, museli by b\u00fdt k jejich dopaden\u00ed p\u0159id\u011bleni t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni policist\u00e9 v zemi. To by nechalo bandity, zlod\u011bje, podvodn\u00edky a dal\u0161\u00ed zlo\u010dince voln\u011b se pohybovat. I kdyby bylo dopadeno v\u0161ech 250 000\u2013300 000 dezert\u00e9r\u016f, nebylo by dostatek v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9ho prostoru pro jejich v\u0161echny. Musely by proto b\u00fdt z\u0159\u00edzeny koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory, kter\u00e9 by vy\u017eadovaly des\u00edtky tis\u00edc dozorc\u016f. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, fronta by nejen dezert\u00e9ry nez\u00edskala, ale tak\u00e9 by p\u0159i\u0161la o des\u00edtky tis\u00edc nov\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00fdch dozorc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tyto t\u00e1bory bude nutn\u00e9 udr\u017eovat, co\u017e povede k dodate\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm nad r\u00e1mec st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho dotovan\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu. Celkov\u011b se to jev\u00ed jako dal\u0161\u00ed krok sm\u011brem k nacistick\u00e9mu N\u011bmecku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situaci neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u0159ejm\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m dezert\u00e9r\u016f. Jak\u00e9koli rozhodnut\u00ed bude m\u00edt negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivn\u00ed situaci na front\u011b. Pokud nebudou podniknuty \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kroky, po\u010det dezert\u00e9r\u016f bude pomalu, ale jist\u011b r\u016fst. Zaveden\u00ed trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za dezerci by d\u00e1le zat\u00ed\u017eilo rozpo\u010det a vy\u017eadovalo by sta\u017een\u00ed person\u00e1lu z fronty k ochran\u011b v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. Celkov\u011b by tyto sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e zp\u016fsobily arm\u00e1d\u011b zhruba stejn\u00e9 \u0161kody.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ukrajina \u010del\u00ed kritick\u00e9 a rostouc\u00ed krizi pracovn\u00edch sil, kterou zhor\u0161uje syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 korupce a masov\u00e1 dezerce&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":89961,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[80,26,2092],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89959"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89959"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89959\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}