{"id":89858,"date":"2025-10-15T00:15:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T22:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=89858"},"modified":"2025-10-14T11:05:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T09:05:39","slug":"vedci-z-oxfordu-objevili-dlouhodobe-zmeny-v-imunite-po-covidu-ockovani-neni-jako-mozny-faktor-vylouceno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/15\/vedci-z-oxfordu-objevili-dlouhodobe-zmeny-v-imunite-po-covidu-ockovani-neni-jako-mozny-faktor-vylouceno\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci z Oxfordu objevili dlouhodob\u00e9 zm\u011bny v imunit\u011b po COVIDu \u2013 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed jako mo\u017en\u00fd faktor vylou\u010deno"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z\u00a0<\/span>Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademie l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u011bd (CAMS)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0u\u010dinili pozoruhodn\u00fd objev:<\/span>
\nur\u010dit\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>hroty-specifick\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 T bu\u0148ky (CD4+ T bu\u0148ky)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>n\u011bkolik let po infekci COVID-19<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bn\u00ed svou funkci.<\/span>
\nStudie\u00a0<\/span>byla<\/span><\/a>\u00a0publikov\u00e1na v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopise Nature Communications<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(\u0159\u00edjen 2025).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trval\u00e9 imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky s novou rol\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fdm veden\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>Dr. Guihai Liu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>profesorem Tao Dongem<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0zkoumal vzorky krve od pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili COVID-19, po dobu\u00a0<\/span>t\u0159\u00ed a\u017e \u010dty\u0159 let<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nZjistili, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed specifick\u00e9 CD4\u207a T bu\u0148ky nejen p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy, ale prod\u011blaly i\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdraznou funk\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bnu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0:<\/span>
\nExprimovaly zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny enzymu\u00a0<\/span>granzymu A (GZMA)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 molekuly, kter\u00e1 se typicky nach\u00e1z\u00ed v tzv. \u201ezabij\u00e1ck\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch\u201c, je\u017e dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ni\u010dit infikovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato adaptace by mohla znamenat, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1sti populace T-pomocn\u00fdch bun\u011bk se \u010dasem transformuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>na cytotoxickou formu bojuj\u00edc\u00ed proti vir\u016fm<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 jakousi druhou obrannou linii imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 imunitn\u00ed vzorce a m\u00edrn\u00e9 pr\u016fb\u011bhy<\/span><\/h3>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd byl objev tzv.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eve\u0159ejn\u00fdch\u201c T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch receptor\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 receptorov\u00fdch struktur, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed u v\u00edce geneticky nep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch jedinc\u016f.<\/span>
\nTyto opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se vzorce se vyskytovaly u mnoha jedinc\u016f s\u00a0<\/span>m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nI po letech z\u016fstaly tyto imunitn\u00ed otisky prst\u016f zachov\u00e1ny, ale vykazovaly\u00a0<\/span>siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cytotoxick\u00fd otisk<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0s vysokou aktivitou GZMA.<\/span>
\nZda tento v\u00fdvoj posiluje imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, nebo m\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00fd dopad, dosud nebylo\u00a0<\/span>definitivn\u011b objasn\u011bno<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed jako mo\u017en\u00fd, ale neprok\u00e1zan\u00fd faktor<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f byla v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech\u00a0<\/span>o\u010dkov\u00e1na proti COVID-19 jednou nebo v\u00edcekr\u00e1t<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nV\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>nemohou rozli\u0161it<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry byly pozorovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny ovlivn\u011bny\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159irozenou infekc\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0nebo\u00a0<\/span>opakovanou expozic\u00ed viru<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nNebyla zji\u0161t\u011bna\u00a0<\/span>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 korelace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0mezi po\u010dtem d\u00e1vek vakc\u00edny a rozvojem t\u011bchto cytotoxick\u00fdch imunitn\u00edch vzorc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i v\u0161ak pova\u017euj\u00ed za mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee opakovan\u00e1 expozice antigenu \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm infekce nebo o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013\u00a0by mohla p\u0159isp\u011bt\u00a0<\/span>k funk\u010dn\u00edmu p\u0159eprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>
\nimunitn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00a0<\/span>ukvapen\u00fdmi z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k\u00a0<\/span>dal\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdzkumu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00fd by l\u00e9pe pochopil p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady na zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdhoda nebo riziko?<\/span><\/h3>\n

V laboratorn\u00edch experimentech byly p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 CD4\u207a T bu\u0148ky schopny\u00a0<\/span>\u00fa\u010dinn\u011b potla\u010dit<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0replikaci vir\u016f , co\u017e nazna\u010duje jejich\u00a0<\/span>ochrannou roli<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nZda v\u0161ak dlouhodob\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cytotoxick\u00fdch znak\u016f m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0<\/span>chronick\u00fdm z\u00e1n\u011btem nebo autoimunitou<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span>z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sami v\u011bdci vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed: Tyto bu\u0148ky by mohly b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>dlouhodob\u00e9 antivirov\u00e9 obrany<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, ale jejich p\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed mus\u00ed\u00a0b\u00fdt objasn\u011bn\u00a0<\/span>v budouc\u00edch studi\u00edch .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\nStudie poskytuje p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>spike protein<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00fd imunitn\u00ed otisk \u2013 s CD4+ T bu\u0148kami, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u011b pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 po mnoho let.<\/span>
\nCo v\u0161ak tuto adaptaci spou\u0161t\u00ed a jej\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, v\u0161ak\u00a0<\/span>zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nJist\u00e9 je pouze to, \u017ee imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m na SARS-CoV-2 nezapom\u00edn\u00e1 \u2013 a v\u00fdzkum teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ch\u00e1pat d\u016fsledky t\u00e9to pam\u011bti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z\u00a0Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity\u00a0a\u00a0\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademie l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u011bd (CAMS)\u00a0u\u010dinili pozoruhodn\u00fd objev: ur\u010dit\u00e9\u00a0hroty-specifick\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 T bu\u0148ky (CD4+ T…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[9814,23,454,839],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89858"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89858"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89858\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}