{"id":89856,"date":"2025-10-15T00:12:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T22:12:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=89856"},"modified":"2025-10-14T12:31:05","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T10:31:05","slug":"studie-ukazuji-opakovane-ockovani-proti-chripce-muze-zvratit-ochranne-ucinky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/15\/studie-ukazuji-opakovane-ockovani-proti-chripce-muze-zvratit-ochranne-ucinky\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie ukazuj\u00ed: Opakovan\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce m\u016f\u017ee zvr\u00e1tit ochrann\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

V\u011bda v konfliktu: Pro\u010d opakovan\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce m\u016f\u017ee ztratit svou \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dv\u011b velk\u00e9 studie zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed strategii ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 a odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee ochrana se m\u016f\u017ee dokonce obr\u00e1tit.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Zde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>zde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok na podzim za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 stejn\u00e1 kampa\u0148: zdravotnick\u00e9 org\u00e1ny nal\u00e9haj\u00ed na lidi, aby se nechali o\u010dkovat proti ch\u0159ipce. Zejm\u00e9na senio\u0159i, pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 a lid\u00e9 s chronick\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi jsou vyb\u00edzeni k \u201ero\u010dn\u00ed ochran\u011b\u201c. Dv\u011b z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed posledn\u00edch let v\u0161ak vykresluj\u00ed mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 a znepokojiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 obraz.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Kanady a It\u00e1lie v \u010dasopise\u00a0<\/span>Journal of Infectious Diseases<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(Skowronski et al., 2017) uvedli, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u00fa\u010dinnost vakc\u00edny proti ch\u0159ipce p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b kles\u00e1<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch letech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce\u00a0<\/span>negativn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Metaanal\u00fdza Ramsay et al. (2019) potvrdila, \u017ee opakovan\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed vykazuje\u00a0<\/span>nekonzistentn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, variant\u011b viru a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00ed historii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se ochrana stane slabinou<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kanadsko-italsk\u00e1 studie zkoumala data z p\u011bti ch\u0159ipkov\u00fdch sez\u00f3n mezi lety 2010 a 2015. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0byli\u00a0<\/span>o\u010dkov\u00e1ni n\u011bkolik let po sob\u011b,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>m\u011bli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee onemocn\u00ed ch\u0159ipkou,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ne\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed byli o\u010dkov\u00e1ni pouze v jednom roce.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci tento jev vysv\u011btlili tzv.\u00a0<\/span>hypot\u00e9zou antigenn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Pokud jsou si vakc\u00edna z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho roku a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 vakc\u00edna\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 podobn\u00e9 , ale samotn\u00fd virus se v\u00fdznamn\u011b zm\u011bnil, m\u016f\u017ee imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m reagovat na star\u00e9 antigeny a\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u011b bojovat proti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0nov\u00fdm variant\u00e1m\u00a0.<\/span>
\nStru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, opakovan\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u201echybn\u011b zachytit\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNalezli jsme d\u016fkazy o negativn\u00ed interferenci, zejm\u00e9na v sez\u00f3n\u00e1ch s v\u00fdznamn\u011b zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdmi kmeny H3N2,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed Skowronski a kolegov\u00e9.<\/span><\/em>
\n\u201eJedinci o\u010dkovan\u00ed v po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch letech m\u011bli v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko laboratorn\u011b potvrzen\u00e9 ch\u0159ipky ne\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed byli o\u010dkov\u00e1ni jednou.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Metaanal\u00fdza: Ochrana pouze za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednek<\/span><\/h3>\n

Systematick\u00fd p\u0159ehled\u00a0<\/span>Ramsay et al. (2019)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00fd hodnotil v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 studi\u00ed, dosp\u011bl k podobn\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru:<\/span>
\n\u00da\u010dinnost\u00a0<\/span>opakovan\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0se dramaticky li\u0161\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch letech nab\u00edz\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>malou ochranu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, v jin\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>st\u0159edn\u00ed ochranu (30\u201360 %).\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0jsou v\u0161ak zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00e9 u ch\u0159ipky A(H3N2)\u00a0\u2013 tj. vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u opakovan\u011b o\u010dkovan\u00fdch jedinc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i varuj\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky by\u00a0<\/span>nem\u011bly<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0b\u00fdt ignorov\u00e1ny:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eOpakovan\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce m\u016f\u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch antigenn\u00edch podm\u00ednek sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00fa\u010dinnost. Tuto dynamiku je nutn\u00e9 zohlednit v doporu\u010den\u00edch pro o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00ed politika v re\u017eimu autopilota<\/span><\/h3>\n

Navzdory t\u011bmto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se zdravotnick\u00e9 org\u00e1ny na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 politiky\u00a0<\/span>\u201eka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed pro v\u0161echny rizikov\u00e9 skupiny<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201c. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 komunikace sd\u011bluje, \u017ee posilovac\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u017edy bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Data v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f je individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na kontextu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 a rutina \u201ejednou za rok\u201c z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bdecky neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci ji\u017e volaj\u00ed po\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed strategie o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: M\u00edsto plo\u0161n\u00fdch kampan\u00ed jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed c\u00edlen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zohled\u0148uj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdvoj viru, typ vakc\u00edny a imunitn\u00ed historii<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u00fdzkum ukazuje:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce\u00a0<\/span>m\u016f\u017ee ochr\u00e1nit<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, ale\u00a0<\/span>ne ka\u017ed\u00fd rok a ne pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Opakovan\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee\u00a0<\/span>naru\u0161it p\u0159irozenou imunitu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>v n\u011bkter\u00fdch letech b\u00fdt kontraproduktivn\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed ignoruje tyto slo\u017eit\u00e9 interakce.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Dokud bude komunikace v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed ignorovat tyto v\u011bdeck\u00e9 nejistoty, ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed kampa\u0148 proti ch\u0159ipce z\u016fstane\u00a0<\/span>sp\u00ed\u0161e ritu\u00e1lem ne\u017e medic\u00ednou zalo\u017eenou na d\u016fkazech<\/span><\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V\u011bda v konfliktu: Pro\u010d opakovan\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce m\u016f\u017ee ztratit svou \u00fa\u010dinnost Dv\u011b velk\u00e9 studie…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11677,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1208,454,213,839],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89856"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89856"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89856\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}