{"id":89475,"date":"2025-10-09T00:21:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T22:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=89475"},"modified":"2025-10-08T13:29:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T11:29:39","slug":"skodlive-emise-astmatiky-obvinuji-ze-zmeny-klimatu-eu-jiz-podnika-kroky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/09\/skodlive-emise-astmatiky-obvinuji-ze-zmeny-klimatu-eu-jiz-podnika-kroky\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kodliv\u00e9 emise: Astmatiky obvi\u0148uj\u00ed ze zm\u011bny klimatu \u2013 EU ji\u017e podnik\u00e1 kroky"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nov\u00e1 americk\u00e1 studie bije na poplach: Inhal\u00e1tory pro astma a CHOPN jsou \u201e\u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro klima\u201c a za deset let zp\u016fsob\u00ed emise p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 milion\u016f tun ekvivalentu CO\u2082 \u2013 co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 emis\u00edm p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 530 000 spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b. Ve jm\u00e9nu klimatick\u00e9 narativu jsou nyn\u00ed pacienti p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bni na jin\u00e9 l\u00e9ky s potenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. Toto se ji\u017e prosazuje i v EU.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrhy jedin\u00e9 opravdov\u00e9 v\u011bdy na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l absurdn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi: Dokonce i medic\u00edna je st\u00e1le v\u00edce pod\u0159\u00edzena politicky instrumentalizovan\u00e9mu klimatick\u00e9mu narativu.\u00a0<\/span>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie<\/span><\/a> prakticky prom\u011b\u0148uje pacienty s astmatem a CHOPN v klimatick\u00e9 h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edky a jejich nezbytn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba je souhrnn\u011b ztoto\u017en\u011bna s odsouzen\u00fdmi spalovac\u00edmi motory:<\/span><\/p>\n

V USA vygenerovaly schv\u00e1len\u00e9 inhal\u00e1tory pro astma a CHOPN v letech 2014 a\u017e 2024 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 milion\u016f tun ekvivalentu CO2. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed emise spojen\u00e9 s inhal\u00e1tory zhruba odpov\u00eddaly spot\u0159eb\u011b elekt\u0159iny 470 000 dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed nebo 530 000 benz\u00ednov\u00fdch vozidel ro\u010dn\u011b. D\u00e1vkovan\u00e9 inhal\u00e1tory p\u0159edstavovaly 98 % t\u011bchto emis\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e l\u00e9ky na p\u0159edpis byly siln\u011b koncentrov\u00e1ny na albuterol, budesonid-formoterol a flutikason, kter\u00e9 dohromady p\u0159edstavovaly v\u00edce ne\u017e 85 % emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj: Feldman a kol., 2025<\/span><\/cite><\/em><\/p>\n

Z t\u011bchto v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f byly vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny \u201espole\u010densk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady\u201c ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5,7 miliardy dolar\u016f. Z\u00e1klad pro studii je pozoruhodn\u011b slab\u00fd. \u00dadajn\u00e9 emise (ve form\u011b ekvivalent\u016f CO\u2082) samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejsou zalo\u017eeny na skute\u010dn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch a spolehliv\u00fdch datech, ale na kontroverzn\u00edm \u201epotenci\u00e1lu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c (GWP), co\u017e je referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnota odvozen\u00e1 z klimatick\u00fdch model\u016f. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tyto hodnoty jsou teoretick\u00e9 a extr\u00e9mn\u011b zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed (\u00a0<\/span>kritici je ozna\u010duj\u00ed za p\u0159\u00edmo zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), nehraje \u017e\u00e1dnou roli v jejich politick\u00e9m a medi\u00e1ln\u00edm zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad medi\u00e1ln\u00ed server \u201eLOCAL 12\u201c zve\u0159ejnil\u00a0na\u00a0<\/span>Facebooku kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o studii, ve kter\u00e9m si st\u011b\u017eoval: \u201eInhal\u00e1tory v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ji\u017e z\u00edskal v\u00edce ne\u017e 27 000 emotikon\u016f s \u00fasm\u011bvem.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Jeden z komentuj\u00edc\u00edch su\u0161e poznamenal: \u201ePromi\u0148te, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuji d\u00fdchat.\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

EMA ji\u017e prosazuje nahrazen\u00ed pohonn\u00fdch hmot<\/span><\/h3>\n

Samotn\u00e1 studie uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 a d\u011bti se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na d\u00e1vkovac\u00ed inhal\u00e1tory a \u017ee ne v\u0161echny alternativn\u00ed inhal\u00e1tory maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd terapeutick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek. P\u0159esto se p\u0159echod na jin\u00e9 inhal\u00e1tory \u0161iroce prosazuje, nikoli z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, ale z d\u016fvod\u016f klimatick\u00e9 politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto nen\u00ed vize budoucnosti; tento p\u0159echod v Evrop\u011b ji\u017e dlouho prob\u00edh\u00e1 \u2013 od nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho org\u00e1nu EU,\u00a0<\/span>konkr\u00e9tn\u011b agentury EMA<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 s nad\u0161en\u00edm schvaluje nov\u00e9, \u201eklimaticky \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c produkty.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0P\u0159echod upravuje sm\u011brnice\u00a0<\/span>EU<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: M\u00e1 b\u00fdt proveden p\u0159echod na \u201e\u010dist\u0161\u00ed alternativy\u201c s n\u00edzk\u00fdm GWP.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zpr\u00e1va:\u00a0<\/span>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady (EU) 2024\/573 ze dne 7. \u00fanora 2024 o fluorovan\u00fdch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynech<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Spole\u010dnost AstraZeneca, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou vakc\u00ednou proti koronaviru s jej\u00edmi \u010dast\u00fdmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky, se chlub\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee ji\u017e m\u011bn\u00ed pohonn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky ve sv\u00fdch inhal\u00e1torech.\u00a0<\/span>\u010casopis Pharmaceutical Journal<\/span><\/a> v \u010dervenci informoval o schv\u00e1len\u00ed t\u00e9to v\u00fdm\u011bny agenturou EMA a diskutoval o:<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fdm hnac\u00edm plynem je trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluorpropen, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b HFO-1234ze(E). Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi tzv. hydrofluoroolefiny. Jeho hodnota GWP je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1, zat\u00edmco u norfluranu (HFA-134a) se pohybuje kolem 1300. D\u00edky tomu je HFO-1234ze(E) prakticky klimaticky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed. Jeho toxicita a stabilita jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za dob\u0159e prozkouman\u00e9 a jako n\u00e1hrada je schv\u00e1len org\u00e1ny pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Pokud si prozkoum\u00e1te\u00a0<\/span>bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed studie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zjist\u00edte, \u017ee to byli v\u011bt\u0161inou subjekty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed inhal\u00e1tory HFO-1234ze (tj. nov\u00fd, \u201eklimaticky neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c hnac\u00ed plyn), kter\u00e9 studii kv\u016fli vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm reakc\u00edm ukon\u010dily:<\/span><\/p>\n

V 12t\u00fddenn\u00ed anal\u00fdze bezpe\u010dnosti byl ve skupin\u011b HFO-1234ze (20 [7,1 %]) zaznamen\u00e1n vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl ukon\u010den\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby v d\u016fsledku ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho \u00fa\u010dinku ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se skupinou HFA-134a (9 [3,2 %]) (dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 tabulka S3). V 52t\u00fddenn\u00ed anal\u00fdze bezpe\u010dnosti byla incidence ukon\u010den\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby v d\u016fsledku ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho \u00fa\u010dinku v obou l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch ramenech podobn\u00e1 (HFO-1234ze, 11 [9,2 %]; HFA-134a, 9 [7,5 %]).\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V diskusi o studii se stru\u010dn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eRozd\u00edl ve fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdch vlastnostech mezi HFO-1234ze a HFA-134a by mohl b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za celkov\u00fd vzorec vysazov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div.\u201c Nem\u011blo by n\u00e1s to p\u0159im\u011bt k zamy\u0161len\u00ed? Zjevn\u011b ne. Kv\u016fli klimatick\u00e9mu narativu se zd\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 nab\u00edzet lidem m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00ed l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 jsou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k vedlej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masivn\u00ed negativn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj: Politick\u00fd narativ je kladen nad zdrav\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: Chceme \u017e\u00edt ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde farmaceutick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl klade p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji l\u00e9k\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u016fraz na pln\u011bn\u00ed politick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f v oblasti klimatu? \u00da\u010dinnost, bezpe\u010dnost a dostupnost l\u00e9ku jsou tak odsunuty je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce do pozad\u00ed, ne\u017e tomu je ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. M\u00edsto toho se zna\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 stop\u011b sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>L\u00e9ky se tak ji\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u011b nehodnot\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, jak dob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed bolest, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, jak zapadaj\u00ed do politick\u00e9 agendy pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kolik potenci\u00e1ln\u011b pr\u016flomov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch postup\u016f by se mohlo v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu st\u00e1t ob\u011bt\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 agendy? Kolik nezdrav\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f se na trh dost\u00e1v\u00e1, proto\u017ee jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b \u201ezelen\u00e9\u201c, tak\u017ee je regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny nad\u0161en\u011b schvaluj\u00ed, bez ohledu na to, zda jsou m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 nebo m\u00e9n\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ne\u017e m\u00e9n\u011b zelen\u00e9 alternativy?<\/span><\/p>\n

Nev\u00fdhody posledn\u00edho velk\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu na inhal\u00e1tory jsou v aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed studii dokonce zm\u00edn\u011bny: P\u0159echod z CFC na \u201eekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c HFA propelenty byl nejen drah\u00fd, ale tak\u00e9 generoval obrovsk\u00e9 zisky pro n\u011bkolik farmaceutick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong> Jen z albuterolu p\u0159inesl tr\u017eby ve v\u00fd\u0161i 14 miliard dolar\u016f \u2013 na \u00fakor pacient\u016f, z nich\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed museli platit podstatn\u011b v\u00edce. Inhal\u00e1tory s CFC byly p\u0159itom \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, snadn\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edvaly, a proto byly jednodu\u0161e vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro v\u011bt\u0161inu pacient\u016f. D\u016fraz se tedy soust\u0159edil na drah\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu, kter\u00e9 plnilo pokladny jen n\u011bkolika vyvolen\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

To je pro v\u00fdrobce obrovsk\u00e1 pob\u00eddka: Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm takov\u00fdch pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed pouze o v\u00fdvoj politicky nejp\u0159ijateln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho produktu \u2013 nikoliv toho nejlep\u0161\u00edho. A jak uk\u00e1zala lekce z let koronaviru, \u00fa\u0159ady pro boj s drogami na popud politik\u016f povol\u00ed cokoli, co odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159edepsan\u00e9mu narativu. Nakonec, jak u\u017e to tak \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1, trp\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou zrazeni sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi vl\u00e1dami.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nov\u00e1 americk\u00e1 studie bije na poplach: Inhal\u00e1tory pro astma a CHOPN jsou \u201e\u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro klima\u201c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":89476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[9869,41,9870,873,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89475"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89475"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89475\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}