{"id":89465,"date":"2025-10-09T00:15:47","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T22:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=89465"},"modified":"2025-10-08T12:23:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T10:23:50","slug":"kanada-transformuje-svuj-system-asistovane-smrti-na-retezec-odberu-organu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/09\/kanada-transformuje-svuj-system-asistovane-smrti-na-retezec-odberu-organu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kanada transformuje sv\u016fj syst\u00e9m asistovan\u00e9 smrti na \u0159et\u011bzec odb\u011bru org\u00e1n\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Etici varuj\u00ed, \u017ee odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f pacient\u016fm podroben\u00fdm eutanazii by mohlo lidi tla\u010dit k tomu, aby si zvolili smrt, aby jejich org\u00e1ny mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity lidmi s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anc\u00ed na uzdraven\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Srdce 38let\u00e9ho Kana\u010fana, kter\u00fd byl zabit asistovanou sebevra\u017edou, bylo podle zpr\u00e1vy den\u00edku\u00a0<\/span>National Post<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b odebr\u00e1no a transplantov\u00e1no 59let\u00e9mu Ameri\u010danovi se srde\u010dn\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00edm . Tento p\u0159\u00edpad zd\u016fraz\u0148uje rostouc\u00ed trend:\u00a0<\/span>odb\u011br org\u00e1n\u016f z t\u011bl ob\u011bt\u00ed asistovan\u00e9 sebevra\u017edy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va z\u00a0<\/span>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Ottawa Hospital<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0podrobn\u011b popisuje z\u00e1krok:<\/span>
\n\u201eZde hl\u00e1s\u00edme prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 transplantace srdce po MAiD (Medical Assistance in Dying),\u201c napsal l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd t\u00fdm. Je\u0161t\u011b znepokojiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je: \u201eProveden\u00ed MAiD a ur\u010den\u00ed \u00famrt\u00ed byly provedeny podle kanadsk\u00fdch standard\u016f. \u00damrt\u00ed bylo stanoveno do sedmi minut od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed protokolu MAiD.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Kana\u010fan trp\u011bl\u00a0<\/span>ALS (amyotrofickou later\u00e1ln\u00ed skler\u00f3zou, zn\u00e1mou tak\u00e9 jako Lou Gehrigova choroba)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a vyj\u00e1d\u0159il touhu darovat sv\u00e9 org\u00e1ny. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad je v\u0161ak pova\u017eov\u00e1n za\u00a0<\/span>\u201emiln\u00edk\u201c \u2013 prvn\u00ed transplantaci srdce po eutanazii<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nList\u00a0<\/span>National Post<\/span><\/em>\u00a0uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eSrdce zesnul\u00e9ho d\u00e1rce bylo odebr\u00e1no, p\u0159ipojeno ke speci\u00e1ln\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edstroji, kter\u00fd \u201ao\u017eivuje\u2018 neboli restartuje srdce, aby se udr\u017eel pr\u016ftok krve do org\u00e1n\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je udr\u017eoval v teple, a pot\u00e9 bylo p\u0159evezeno do Pittsburghu, kde byla transplantace provedena.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed po\u010det odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f po eutanazii<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

D\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f od ned\u00e1vno eutan\u00e1zovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f se v Kanad\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/span>
\nI kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o prvn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>transplantaci srdce , transplantace\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>jater, ledvin a plic<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0byly provedeny ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve\u00a0.<\/span>
\nOd zaveden\u00ed asistovan\u00e9 smrti v\u00a0<\/span>roce 2016<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00fadajn\u011b darovalo\u00a0v Kanad\u011b\u00a0sv\u00e9 org\u00e1ny a tk\u00e1n\u011b po injek\u010dn\u00edm pod\u00e1n\u00ed smrt\u00edc\u00ed injekce l\u00e9ka\u0159em\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>nejm\u00e9n\u011b 155 lid\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. \u201e\u0158ada l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f se v\u0161ak ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Kana\u010fan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed podstupuj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sky asistovanou smrt,\u00a0nespl\u0148uj\u00ed\u00a0krit\u00e9ria Ministerstva\u00a0zdravotnictv\u00ed Kanady .\u201c<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd z\u00e1krok motivac\u00ed pro dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky:<\/span>
\n\u201eA\u010dkoli jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e1 data a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, tento p\u0159\u00edpad nazna\u010duje, \u017ee bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 transplantace srdce po MAiD je mo\u017en\u00e1,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed se v n\u011bm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Organizace h\u00e1j\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot a mnoho etik\u016f v\u0161ak varuj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>praxe odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f pacient\u016fm podroben\u00fdm eutanazii<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0by mohla v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee se lid\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>dostanou pod spole\u010densk\u00fd nebo rodinn\u00fd tlak<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a zvol\u00ed si smrt \u2013 aby sv\u00e9 org\u00e1ny zp\u0159\u00edstupnili jin\u00fdm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za \u201ehodnotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot\u201c nebo \u201el\u00e9\u010diteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kanada je sv\u011btov\u00fdm l\u00eddrem v oblasti \u201ed\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f po eutanazii\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kanada si ji\u017e vyslou\u017eila pochybnou pov\u011bst \u201e\u00a0<\/span>sv\u011btov\u00e9ho l\u00eddra v ODE \u2013 d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f po eutanazii<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u201c.<\/span>
\nNizozemsk\u00e1 studie zjistila, \u017ee z\u00a0<\/span>286 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ODE do roku 2021<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0se 136 vyskytlo\u00a0<\/span>v Kanad\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span>
\nData\u00a0<\/span>Kanadsk\u00e9ho institutu pro zdravotnick\u00e9 informace (CIHI)<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>235 lid\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0dalo sv\u016fj \u201esouhlas s darov\u00e1n\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016f\u201c pot\u00e9, co byli usmrceni eutanazi\u00ed.<\/span>
\nZ\u00a0<\/span>894 eutanazovan\u00fdch d\u00e1rc\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0darovalo\u00a0<\/span>sv\u00e9 org\u00e1ny<\/span><\/strong>\u00a07 % a\u00a0<\/span>5 % v\u0161ech transplantac\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f v roce 2024<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0bude provedeno s pou\u017eit\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016f od eutanazovan\u00fdch Kana\u010fan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

List\u00a0<\/span>National Post<\/span><\/em>\u00a0pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee tato praxe z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kontroverzn\u00ed i p\u0159es jej\u00ed rostouc\u00ed frekvenci:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eKdy a jak oslovit lidi \u017e\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed o MAiD s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o mo\u017enost darov\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f, je v Kanad\u011b kontroverzn\u00ed a li\u0161\u00ed se region\u00e1ln\u011b,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie.<\/span><\/em>
\nV\u00a0<\/span>Ontariu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Britsk\u00e9 Kolumbii<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0d\u00e1rcovsk\u00e9 organizace doporu\u010duj\u00ed, aby lid\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed o MAiD byli \u201einformov\u00e1ni o mo\u017enosti darov\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/em>
\nV jin\u00fdch provinci\u00edch, jako je\u00a0<\/span>Alberta<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Manitoba<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, se t\u00e9ma darov\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f \u0159e\u0161\u00ed pouze tehdy, pokud si to pacienti sami vy\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eNeinformov\u00e1n\u00ed pacient\u016f o mo\u017enosti darov\u00e1n\u00ed jim m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit ve vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti darovat org\u00e1ny a ohrozit jejich autonomii,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i.<\/span><\/em>
\n\u201eZ\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee reakce na darov\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159et soci\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak a touha st\u00e1t se d\u00e1rcem by se mohla st\u00e1t motivuj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem pro \u017e\u00e1dost o MAiD.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed jemn\u00e9ho vlivu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Auto\u0159i tak\u00e9 varuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201en\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pacienti se mohou c\u00edtit jako z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pro svou rodinu nebo p\u0159\u00e1tele, a proto mohou b\u00fdt motivov\u00e1ni k vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed MAiD, aby tuto z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e zm\u00edrnili.\u201c<\/span>
\nProto by si jak ti, kte\u0159\u00ed eutanazii povoluj\u00ed, tak ti, kte\u0159\u00ed je prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, m\u011bli b\u00fdt \u201epozorn\u00ed na mo\u017en\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky toho, \u017ee se pacienti mohou c\u00edtit pod tlakem, aby si zvolili MAiD nebo MAiD s darov\u00e1n\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016f.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k dosavadn\u00edmu\u00a0<\/span>laxn\u00edmu dohledu nad kanadsk\u00fdmi auditory MAiD<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 a skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>a\u017e \u010dtvrtina poskytovatel\u016f MAiD v Ontariu mohla poru\u0161ovat trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 pozorovatel\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je\u00a0<\/span>extr\u00e9mn\u011b nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, \u017ee by tito audito\u0159i byli schopni takov\u00fd nen\u00e1padn\u00fd n\u00e1tlak odhalit nebo mu zabr\u00e1nit.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ehled: Popis postup\u016f<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ji\u017e v\u00a0<\/span>roce 2011<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0publikoval l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd \u010dasopis\u00a0<\/span>Applied Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiology<\/span><\/em>\u00a0popis toho, jak bylo provedeno n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ODE:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eD\u00e1rci byli p\u0159ijati do nemocnice n\u011bkolik hodin p\u0159ed pl\u00e1novanou eutanazi\u00ed.<\/span><\/em>
\nCentr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eiln\u00ed kat\u00e9tr byl zaveden v m\u00edstnosti soused\u00edc\u00ed s opera\u010dn\u00edm s\u00e1lem.<\/span><\/em>
\nBezprost\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159ed eutanazi\u00ed d\u00e1rci dostali\u00a0<\/span>heparin<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0[l\u00e9k pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed funkce org\u00e1n\u016f].<\/span><\/em>
\nO\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd souhlasil s proveden\u00edm eutanazie, jim pot\u00e9 podal koktejl l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/span><\/em>
\nSmrt byla stanovena podle\u00a0<\/span>kardiorespira\u010dn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0t\u0159emi nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i \u2013 jak to vy\u017eaduje belgick\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho d\u00e1rce org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/em>
\nZem\u0159el\u00fd byl pot\u00e9 rychle p\u0159enesen na opera\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e1l, ulo\u017een na st\u016fl a intubov\u00e1n [v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edpravy na odb\u011br org\u00e1n\u016f].\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Bioetik\u00a0<\/span>Wesley J. Smith<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0tehdy poznamenal:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u010clov\u011bk by si m\u011bl uv\u011bdomit rozsah toho, co se zde stalo.<\/span><\/em>
\n\u010cty\u0159i lid\u00e9 \u2013 kte\u0159\u00ed by jinak neum\u00edrali \u2013 byli zabiti a pot\u00e9 p\u0159evezeni p\u0159\u00edmo na opera\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e1l k odb\u011bru org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/span><\/em>
\nT\u0159i z d\u00e1rc\u016f trp\u011bli neuromuskul\u00e1rn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm \u2013 lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u010dasto soci\u00e1ln\u011b izolovan\u00ed a za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed diskriminaci \u2013 a jeden byl du\u0161evn\u011b nemocn\u00fd.<\/span><\/em>
\nObzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ho\u0159kou ironi\u00ed je, \u017ee tento pacient byl chronick\u00fdm sebepo\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00edm, jeho\u017e \u201el\u00e9\u010dbou\u201c nyn\u00ed proch\u00e1zel ochotn\u00fd profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00fdm p\u0159ipraven\u00fd zp\u016fsobit mu tu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161kodu.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Etici varuj\u00ed, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159edstavuje\u00a0<\/span>znepokojiv\u00fd etick\u00fd p\u0159estupek<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0:<\/span>
\nsyst\u00e9m zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00fd se ji\u017e nejen star\u00e1 o smrt, ale\u00a0<\/span>aktivn\u011b ji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k uspokojov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eb org\u00e1n\u016f druh\u00fdch<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 mechanismus, kter\u00fd lze v civilizovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed ozna\u010dit za pokrok.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jonathon Van Maren<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Etici varuj\u00ed, \u017ee odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f pacient\u016fm podroben\u00fdm eutanazii by mohlo lidi tla\u010dit k tomu, aby…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3714,248,5047,3575],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89465"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89465"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89465\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}