{"id":89444,"date":"2025-10-08T05:00:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T03:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=89444"},"modified":"2025-10-08T05:01:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T03:01:27","slug":"monroeova-doktrina-je-zpet-maskovana-jako-valka-proti-drogam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2025\/10\/08\/monroeova-doktrina-je-zpet-maskovana-jako-valka-proti-drogam\/","title":{"rendered":"Monroeova doktr\u00edna je zp\u011bt \u2013 maskovan\u00e1 jako v\u00e1lka proti drog\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Nasazen\u00ed v Karibiku se m\u00e9n\u011b t\u00fdk\u00e1 kokainu a v\u00edce kontroly, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se o\u017eivuje nejstar\u0161\u00ed americk\u00e1 imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie<\/h3>\n
\n

Prezident Donald Trump nazna\u010dil, \u017ee americk\u00e9 s\u00edly by se brzy mohly p\u0159esunout z mo\u0159sk\u00fdch na pozemn\u00ed operace ve Venezuele a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it tak to, co nazval\u00a0<\/span>\u201ev\u00e1lkou proti teroristick\u00fdm drogov\u00fdm kartel\u016fm\u201c.<\/span><\/em>
Trump na slavnostn\u00edm ceremoni\u00e1lu k v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva v Norfolku ve Virginii uvedl, \u017ee americk\u00e9 s\u00edly zas\u00e1hly u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Venezuely dal\u0161\u00ed lo\u010f, kter\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eela drogy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo podporovalo na\u0161i misi s c\u00edlem vym\u00fdtit teroristy kartelu z vody… v\u010dera ve\u010der jsme ud\u011blali dal\u0161\u00ed. Te\u010f u\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nem\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eU\u017e sem nepluj\u00ed po mo\u0159i, tak\u017ee te\u010f budeme muset za\u010d\u00edt hledat po sou\u0161i, proto\u017ee budou nuceni j\u00edt po sou\u0161i.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Podle Washingtonu do\u0161lo v Karibiku v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech k nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dty\u0159em takov\u00fdm \u00fader\u016fm, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 ob\u011bt\u00ed. Trump tak\u00e9 prohl\u00e1sil \u010dleny drogov\u00fdch kartel\u016f za\u00a0<\/span>\u201enez\u00e1konn\u00e9 bojovn\u00edky\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0co\u017e podle n\u011bj USA umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edt vojenskou s\u00edlu bez souhlasu Kongresu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed zna\u010d\u00ed prudkou eskalaci washingtonsk\u00e9 takzvan\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>\u201eprotinarkotick\u00e9\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0kampan\u011b \u2013 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace v regionu od invaze do Panamy v roce 1989. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159uje na obchodn\u00edky s drogami. Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak st\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011b\u010d\u00edm mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm: testem americk\u00e9 dominance v jej\u00ed star\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e vlivu \u2013 a p\u0159\u00edmou v\u00fdzvou pro Venezuelu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\"RT\"<\/picture>\n
\n
Americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump a prvn\u00ed d\u00e1ma Melania Trumpov\u00e1 sleduj\u00ed uk\u00e1zku n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch let\u016f na palub\u011b letadlov\u00e9 lodi USS George HW Bush 5. \u0159\u00edjna 2025 u v\u00fdchodn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. \u00a9 Alex Wong \/ Getty Images
\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2025 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pos\u00edlily tuto kampa\u0148 rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm nasazen\u00edm v Karibiku: osmi v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi, jadernou \u00fato\u010dnou ponorkou a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 500 voj\u00e1k\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b 2 200 mari\u0148\u00e1k\u016f. Tyto s\u00edly jsou podporov\u00e1ny st\u00edha\u010dkami F-35 rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi v Portoriku a flotilou dron\u016f pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dohled.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b to Washington naz\u00fdv\u00e1 mis\u00ed proti drog\u00e1m. V praxi je jej\u00edm c\u00edlem vyvinout tlak na Venezuelu \u2013 posledn\u00ed latinskoamerick\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd se st\u00e1le otev\u0159en\u011b vzp\u00edr\u00e1 moci USA a nepsan\u00e9 Monroeov\u011b doktr\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Monroeova doktr\u00edna 2.0: Amerika se vrac\u00ed dom\u016f<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen demonstrace s\u00edly \u2013 je to sign\u00e1l. Dv\u011b stolet\u00ed pot\u00e9, co prezident James Monroe varoval evropsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9ria, aby se vyh\u00fdbala Americe, Washington op\u011bt kresl\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry v Karibiku. Logika se nezm\u011bnila, jen technologie. Tam, kde kdysi pluly d\u011blov\u00e9 \u010dluny, se nyn\u00ed vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed drony; kde kdysi imp\u00e9rium definoval cukr a ban\u00e1ny, dnes je to ropa, data a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Monroeova doktr\u00edna se zrodila v roce 1823 jako obrann\u00e9 gesto mlad\u00e9 republiky. Postupem \u010dasu se vyvinula v z\u00e1klad dominance USA nad jej\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>\u201ezadn\u00edm dvorkem\u201c.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Od Rooseveltova z\u00e1v\u011bru a\u017e po Reaganovy intervence ka\u017ed\u00e1 generace doktr\u00ednu p\u0159einterpretovala tak, aby odpov\u00eddala jej\u00ed dob\u011b. Nyn\u00ed ji Donald Trump o\u017eivuje v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b \u2013 zbaven\u00fd zdvo\u0159il\u00e9ho jazyka\u00a0<\/span>\u201epartnerstv\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0nebo\u00a0<\/span>\u201eregion\u00e1ln\u00ed stability\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Jak to vyj\u00e1d\u0159il ministr obrany Pete Hegseth, stabilita v Karibiku je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro bezpe\u010dnost Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a kontinentu. Region, dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1n za americk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop, se op\u011bt st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00ed obrannou lini\u00ed \u2013 nikoli proti narkotik\u016fm, ale proti vlivu \u010c\u00edny, Ruska a jak\u00e9hokoli st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd je dostate\u010dn\u011b odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd, aby se postavil vzdoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

V nov\u00e9m washingtonsk\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu u\u017e Karibik nen\u00ed klidnou periferi\u00ed, ale p\u0159edsunutou opera\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3nou \u2013 ochrannou hr\u00e1z\u00ed proti rostouc\u00edm mocnostem a testovac\u00edm polem pro obnovenou sebed\u016fv\u011bru Ameriky. Logika je dvoj\u00ed: zabr\u00e1nit \u010c\u00edn\u011b a Rusku v ustaven\u00ed opory a znovu potvrdit autoritu USA po tom, co mnoz\u00ed v Trumpov\u011b okruhu vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako desetilet\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201estrategick\u00e9ho driftu\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Pro Trumpa je o\u017eiven\u00ed Monroeovy doktr\u00edny stejn\u011b tak o identit\u011b jako o strategii. Po letech vn\u00edman\u00e9ho \u00fapadku \u2013 od sta\u017een\u00ed afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fdch vojsk a\u017e po frustraci na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b \u2013 nab\u00edz\u00ed znovuz\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed Karibiku symbolick\u00fd n\u00e1vrat dom\u016f. Imp\u00e9rium se podle n\u011bj neroz\u0161i\u0159uje; jednodu\u0161e se vrac\u00ed tam, kam v\u017edy pat\u0159ilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Star\u00e1 doktr\u00edna vstoupila do sv\u00e9ho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u011bku: nevynucuj\u00ed ji mari\u0148\u00e1ci \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed na pl\u00e1\u017ee, ale satelity, sankce a hl\u00eddky dron\u016f. Poselstv\u00ed je v\u0161ak stejn\u00e9 jako p\u0159ed dv\u011bma sty lety \u2013 Amerika vel\u00ed, polokoule poslouch\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\"RT\"<\/picture>\n
\n
\u00a9 X \/ @universeevenst<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Caracas jako c\u00edl: posledn\u00ed vzdorovit\u00fd st\u00e1t<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u201eVenezuela je zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm v\u0161eho, \u010deho se americk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium boj\u00ed,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl geopolitick\u00fd analytik Ben Norton v\u00a0<\/span>rozhovoru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0pro MR Online.<\/span><\/p>\n

Venezuela je ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed odlehl\u00fdm st\u00e1tem \u2013 jedin\u00fdm latinskoamerick\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd je st\u00e1le ochotn\u00fd otev\u0159en\u011b konfrontovat Washington. Od doby, kdy se Hugo Ch\u00e1vez v roce 1999 dostal k moci, si Caracas vybudoval svou politickou identitu na vzdoru: ekonomick\u00e9m nacionalismu, antiimperialistick\u00e9 r\u00e9torice a neochv\u011bjn\u00e9m p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika by ji\u017e nem\u011bla \u017e\u00edt pod veden\u00edm USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

To, co za\u010dalo jako Ch\u00e1vez\u016fv populistick\u00fd experiment, se vyvinulo v geopolitickou v\u00fdzvu. Vytvo\u0159en\u00edm ALBA \u2013 Bol\u00edvari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 aliance pro n\u00e1rody na\u0161\u00ed Ameriky \u2013 se Ch\u00e1vez sna\u017eil sjednotit region pod praporem suverenity a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti, nez\u00e1visle na vlivu Washingtonu. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty reagovaly sankcemi, diplomatickou izolac\u00ed a podporou opozi\u010dn\u00edch hnut\u00ed, co\u017e vyvrcholilo ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm pokusem o p\u0159evrat v roce 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po Ch\u00e1vezov\u011b smrti v roce 2013 zd\u011bdil Nicol\u00e1s Maduro jak revolu\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, tak i hrout\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiku. Jeho desetilet\u00ed u moci bylo poznamen\u00e1no odporem \u2013 proti protest\u016fm, sankc\u00edm, embarg\u016fm a tajn\u00fdm snah\u00e1m o destabilizaci. V roce 2020 ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 vylod\u011bn\u00ed \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159\u016f na severn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Venezuely podtrhlo \u00farove\u0148 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho tlaku, kter\u00e9mu Caracas \u010delil, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pos\u00edlilo Madur\u016fv obraz jako\u017eto p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edho v nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v roce 2018 venezuelsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Jorge Arreaza\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>varoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eT\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed n\u00e1s obt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed interven\u010dn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed mocnosti, kter\u00e9 tou\u017e\u00ed znovu z\u00edskat kontrolu nad na\u0161\u00ed ropou, plynem, zlatem, diamanty, koltanem, vodou a \u00farodnou p\u016fdou.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

O sedm let pozd\u011bji jeho slova zn\u011bj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b jako r\u00e9torika a sp\u00ed\u0161e jako proroctv\u00ed: seznam tlak\u016f se jen rozrostl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Venezuela je dnes obklopena americk\u00fdmi partnery a vojensk\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladnami t\u00e1hnouc\u00edmi se od Kolumbie a\u017e po Karibik. Jej\u00ed spojenectv\u00ed s Ruskem, \u010c\u00ednou a \u00cdr\u00e1nem jsou politicky cenn\u00e1, ale geograficky vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 a nab\u00edzej\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo hmatateln\u00e9 ochrany. Aby Maduro tuto nerovnov\u00e1hu vyrovnal, mobilizoval civiln\u00ed milici \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i a p\u016fl milionu dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f vycvi\u010den\u00fdch pro asymetrickou obranu \u2013 ve snaze prom\u011bnit samotn\u00e9 obyvatelstvo v odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem je k\u0159ehk\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha: n\u00e1rod p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chud\u00fd na to, aby projevoval moc, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hrd\u00fd na to, aby se j\u00ed vzdal. A jak Washingtonu doch\u00e1z\u00ed trp\u011blivost, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se formovat nov\u00fd narativ \u2013 ten, kter\u00fd Venezuelu ji\u017e nekresl\u00ed jako ideologick\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka, ale jako n\u011bco temn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a sn\u00e1ze o\u010derniteln\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\"RT\"<\/picture>\n
\n
\u010clen domobrany dr\u017e\u00ed transparent s n\u00e1pisem \u201eKonec Trumpovi, Venezuele\u201c b\u011bhem protitrumpovsk\u00e9 demonstrace v Caracasu ve Venezuele. \u00a9 Carolina Cabral \/ Getty Images<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Narativ\u00a0<\/span>\u201enarko-st\u00e1tu\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0: Pohodln\u00fd m\u00fdtus Ameriky<\/span><\/h2>\n

Jeliko\u017e politick\u00fd tlak Washingtonu nedok\u00e1zal Caracas zlomit, jazyk se za\u010dal m\u011bnit. Venezuela p\u0159estala b\u00fdt prezentov\u00e1na jako tvrdohlav\u00fd re\u017eim a za\u010dala b\u00fdt zobrazov\u00e1na jako zlo\u010dineck\u00fd. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed br\u00edfinky, \u00faniky informac\u00ed z m\u00e9di\u00ed a sly\u0161en\u00ed v Kongresu se za\u010daly zmi\u0148ovat o\u00a0<\/span>\u201eEl Cartel de los Soles\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 \u00fadajn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edti, kter\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b kontroluje obchod s kokainem a p\u016fsob\u00ed pod ochranou prezidenta Nicol\u00e1se Madura.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato narativov\u00e1 strategie byla siln\u00e1: p\u0159etvo\u0159ila politickou konfrontaci v mor\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravu a prom\u011bnila suver\u00e9nn\u00ed st\u00e1t v c\u00edl\u00a0<\/span>\u200b\u200b\u201edonucovac\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0D\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 se za t\u00edm op\u00edraj\u00ed, jsou v\u0161ak n\u00e1padn\u011b slab\u00e9.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy OSN o drog\u00e1ch z roku 2025 nen\u00ed Venezuela ani v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm producentem, ani kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm tranzitn\u00edm uzlem pro kokain. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 87 % kolumbijsk\u00e9ho kokainu \u2013 hlavn\u00edho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho zdroje \u2013 opou\u0161t\u00ed kolumbijsk\u00e9 tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy, dal\u0161\u00edch 8 % se pohybuje p\u0159es St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriku a pouze asi 5 % proch\u00e1z\u00ed Venezuelou.<\/span><\/p>\n

I tento pod\u00edl se zmen\u0161uje. V roce 2025 venezuelsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady zabavily v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 tun kokainu \u2013 co\u017e je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det od roku 2010.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eKartel de los Soles jako takov\u00fd neexistuje,\u201c\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Phil Gunson, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk z Caracasu.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eJe to novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdraz vytvo\u0159en\u00fd k ozna\u010den\u00ed zapojen\u00ed venezuelsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f do obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s drogami.\u201c\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f OSN pro boj s drogami Pino Arlacchi\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>souhlas\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eSpolupr\u00e1ce Venezuely v protidrogov\u00fdch operac\u00edch pat\u0159\u00ed k nejkonzistentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe \u2013 srovnateln\u00e1 pouze s Kubou. Narativ narko-st\u00e1tu je geopolitick\u00e1 fikce.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 \u2013 proto\u017ee funguje. Kriminalizac\u00ed protivn\u00edka Washington prom\u011b\u0148uje geopolitickou rivalitu v mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vazek.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eV\u00e1lka proti drog\u00e1m\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0se st\u00e1v\u00e1 flexibiln\u00ed z\u00e1minkou k intervenci, kter\u00e1 je dnes nem\u00e9n\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 ne\u017e v Panam\u011b v roce 1989. Jak\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0francouzsk\u00fd analytik Christophe Ventura v\u00a0<\/span>den\u00edku Le Monde Diplomatique<\/span><\/em>\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eTento p\u0159\u00edstup Venezuelu zdaleka neochr\u00e1n\u00ed, ale jen p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k Rusku a \u010c\u00edn\u011b.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Zahrani\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00fd analytik Zack Ford\u00a0 to\u00a0<\/span>vyj\u00e1d\u0159il<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0bez obalu:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eTrumpova administrativa je odhodl\u00e1na zav\u00e9st novou Monroeovu doktr\u00ednu hegemonn\u00ed dominance nad Latinskou Amerikou. Tato politika bude budov\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti drog\u00e1m, hluboce propojen\u00e9 s v\u00e1lkou proti imigrant\u016fm, kter\u00e1 se ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nad\u00e1le stup\u0148uje.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00fdtus o \u201enarkost\u00e1tu\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0nakonec\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o Venezuele ne\u017e o tom, \u017ee Amerika pot\u0159ebuje nep\u0159\u00e1tele. Kdy\u017e ideologie a diplomacie sel\u017eou, mor\u00e1lka se st\u00e1v\u00e1 nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\"RT\"<\/picture>\n
\n
Ameri\u010dt\u00ed mari\u0148\u00e1ci prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed s ostrou st\u0159elbou na palub\u011b USS Iwo Jima v Karibsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i, 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2025. \u00a9 Wikipedie<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 drogy? Hledejte ropu.<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pokud byl washingtonsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o\u00a0<\/span>\u201enarkost\u00e1tu\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0postaven na chatrn\u00fdch d\u016fkazech, jeho z\u00e1jem o venezuelskou ropu je nezpochybniteln\u00fd. Zem\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1soby na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 zhruba 303 miliard barel\u016f, co\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 18 % celosv\u011btov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob \u2013 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 v rozlehl\u00e9m Orinock\u00e9m p\u00e1su. To je v\u00edce ne\u017e Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, v\u00edce ne\u017e Kanada, v\u00edce ne\u017e kdokoli jin\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato ropa se ale net\u011b\u017e\u00ed snadno.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eVenezuelsk\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 ropa se mus\u00ed nechat protla\u010dit p\u0159es zu\u0161lech\u0165ovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ji m\u00eds\u00ed s \u0159edidly, jen aby se mohla p\u0159epravit potrub\u00edm do p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f,\u201c\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em>vysv\u011btluje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Ellen R. Waldov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed pracovnice Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho energetick\u00e9ho centra Atlantick\u00e9 rady. Toto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed v\u00fdrobu technologicky slo\u017eitou a kapit\u00e1lov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dnou \u2013 a d\u00e1v\u00e1 tomu, kdo technologii zu\u0161lech\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1, nadm\u011brn\u00fd vliv na produkci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty byl tento tok dlouhodob\u011b poku\u0161en\u00edm i hrozbou. Americk\u00e9 sankce v kombinaci s roky \u0161patn\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed uvnit\u0159 PDVSA ochromily produkci \u2013 z t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 3 milion\u016f barel\u016f denn\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tku 2020. let na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 921 000 do roku 2024. Kolaps sn\u00ed\u017eil ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy a zanechal Caracas z\u00e1visl\u00fd na hrstce zahrani\u010dn\u00edch partner\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washingtonsk\u00e1 strategie je jasn\u00e1: odep\u0159\u00edt konkurent\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u00e9to surovinov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ponechat \u00fazk\u00fd kan\u00e1l otev\u0159en\u00fd pro americk\u00e9 firmy za politick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. V \u010dervenci 2025 z\u00edskala spole\u010dnost Chevron od americk\u00e9 administrativy povolen\u00ed k \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9mu obnoven\u00ed provozu. Mezit\u00edm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost China Concord Resources Corp (CCRC) podepsala 20letou smlouvu v hodnot\u011b 1 miliardy dolar\u016f, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je do roku 2027 nav\u00fd\u0161it t\u011b\u017ebu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 60 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b. Orinock\u00e1 oblast se stala tich\u00fdm boji\u0161t\u011bm, kde pr\u00e1va na t\u011b\u017ebu nahrazuj\u00ed frontov\u00e9 linie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Muflih Hidayat, specialista na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vztahy v energetick\u00e9m a t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edm sektoru\u00a0\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eAmerick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zahrnul do sv\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 strategie zejm\u00e9na r\u00e9toriku zam\u011b\u0159enou na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a boj proti drog\u00e1m. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 akce se shoduj\u00ed s agresivn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ropn\u00fdch aktiv. Tyto dvoj\u00ed motivy ilustruj\u00ed, jak se dom\u00e1c\u00ed energetick\u00e1 politika prol\u00edn\u00e1 s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmi geopolitick\u00fdmi ambicemi.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Vzorec je zn\u00e1m\u00fd: omezit v\u00fdrobu, izolovat vl\u00e1du a pot\u00e9 se selektivn\u011b vr\u00e1tit p\u0159es preferovan\u00e9 korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly. Je to zm\u011bna ekonomick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu \u00fabytkem zdroj\u016f \u2013 jeden barel po druh\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Caracas je ropa z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0161t\u00edtem i zranitelnost\u00ed \u2013 jeho posledn\u00edm zdrojem p\u00e1ky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Maduro prohlubuje energetickou spolupr\u00e1ci s Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, Orinoco u\u017e nen\u00ed jen ropn\u00fdm polem, ale frontovou lini\u00ed v boji o multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\"RT\"<\/picture>\n
\n
Lod\u011b americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva cvi\u010d\u00ed dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob b\u011bhem f\u00e1ze 53-12 mise Unitas Atlantic v Karibsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. \u00a9 Stuart Phillips \/ US Navy \/ Getty Images<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

P\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, nebo zahynout v multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n

V roce 2025 stoj\u00ed Venezuela na k\u0159i\u017eovatce m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edho se glob\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Jej\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed nyn\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b na rop\u011b nebo sankc\u00edch ne\u017e na tom, zda vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed sv\u011bt dok\u00e1\u017ee ochr\u00e1nit ty, kdo se vzp\u00edraj\u00ed tomu star\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Peking je Venezuela oporou \u2013 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek energie a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlivu v regionu, kter\u00fd byl dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nedotknuteln\u00fd pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u011bt. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky, spole\u010dn\u00e9 podniky a infrastrukturn\u00ed projekty nab\u00edzej\u00ed z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 lana, kter\u00e1 Z\u00e1pad odm\u00edt\u00e1 nab\u00eddnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Moskvu je Caracas politick\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm: d\u016fkazem, \u017ee dosah Washingtonu m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 meze. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto roku ob\u011b zem\u011b ratifikovaly smlouvu o strategick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 prohlubuje obrann\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 vazby. Ru\u0161t\u00ed technici poskytuj\u00ed v\u00fdcvik a \u00fadr\u017ebu; ru\u0161t\u00ed diplomat\u00e9 zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00ed Moskvu v OSN. Rozsah m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skromn\u00fd, ale symbolika je obrovsk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

A pro Teher\u00e1n spolupr\u00e1ce s Venezuelou \u2013 od rafinace technologi\u00ed a\u017e po omezen\u00fd prodej zbran\u00ed \u2013 dotv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201eji\u017en\u00ed oblouk\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vzdoru, kter\u00fd spojuje Latinskou Ameriku, Eurasii a Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161echna tato partnerstv\u00ed jsou k\u0159ehk\u00e1 a pragmatick\u00e1. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 z nich nem\u016f\u017ee zaru\u010dit bezpe\u010dnost Venezuely ve vojensk\u00e9m smyslu. Spole\u010dn\u011b v\u0161ak tvo\u0159\u00ed politick\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt \u2013 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee sv\u011bt ji\u017e neakceptuje jedin\u00e9 centrum moci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident Nicol\u00e1s Maduro tento vzdor dal jasn\u011b najevo.\u00a0<\/span>\u201ePokud by Venezuela byla napadena, okam\u017eit\u011b bychom p\u0159e\u0161li k ozbrojen\u00e9mu boji na obranu na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl v srpnu 2025 a sl\u00edbil vytvo\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201erepubliky ve zbrani\u201c.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Jeho skute\u010dnou obranou v\u0161ak nejsou zbran\u011b, ale mobilizace: ob\u010dansk\u00e1 milice milion\u016f lid\u00ed, vycvi\u010den\u00e1 v asymetrick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a o\u017eiven\u00e1 pocitem n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posledn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou Venezuely. Pokud se Madurovi poda\u0159\u00ed prom\u011bnit ji ve skute\u010dnou spole\u010denskou s\u00edlu, jeho vl\u00e1da m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Pokud ne, p\u00e1d Caracasu by znamenal v\u00edce ne\u017e jen zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu \u2013 signalizoval by konec posledn\u00ed ba\u0161ty nez\u00e1vislosti Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Washington je budov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly v Karibiku projevem moci. Pro Caracas je to zkou\u0161ka p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. A pro zbytek sv\u011bta je to ot\u00e1zka, zda je multipolarita aspirac\u00ed \u2013 nebo iluz\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Od\u00a0<\/span>Andr\u00e9 Benoita<\/span><\/strong> , francouzsk\u00e9ho konzultanta pracuj\u00edc\u00edho v oblasti obchodu a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f s akademick\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm v evropsk\u00fdch a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch studi\u00edch z Francie\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nasazen\u00ed v Karibiku se m\u00e9n\u011b t\u00fdk\u00e1 kokainu a v\u00edce kontroly, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se o\u017eivuje nejstar\u0161\u00ed americk\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":89445,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1514,9866,37,181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89444"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89444"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89446,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89444\/revisions\/89446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}